메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 22, 2013, Pages 5970-5976

Beyond deadlock

Author keywords

cloud parameterization

Indexed keywords

CLOUD RESOLVING MODEL; GLOBAL CIRCULATION; GLOBAL CIRCULATION MODEL; HIGH-RESOLUTION GRIDS; LOWER RESOLUTION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; PARAMETERIZED MODEL; RESOLUTION INDEPENDENCE;

EID: 84887963735     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: 19448007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013GL057998     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (117)
  • 2
    • 84859991145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moist Static Energy Budget of MJO-like disturbances in the atmosphere of a zonally symmetric aquaplanet
    • doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00168.1.
    • Andersen, J. A., and, Z. Kuang, (2012), Moist Static Energy Budget of MJO-like disturbances in the atmosphere of a zonally symmetric aquaplanet, J. Clim., 25, 2782-2804, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00168.1.
    • (2012) J. Clim. , vol.25 , pp. 2782-2804
    • Andersen, J.A.1    Kuang, Z.2
  • 3
    • 0002723416 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of cumulus convection
    • in, 8, 26 November-4 December, 1968, Japan Meteor. Agency, IV, Tokyo.
    • Arakawa, A., (1969), Parameterization of cumulus convection, in Proc. WMO/IUGG Symp. Numerical Weather Prediction, vol. 8, 26 November-4 December, 1968, pp. 1-6, Japan Meteor. Agency, IV, Tokyo.
    • (1969) Proc. WMO/IUGG Symp. Numerical Weather Prediction , pp. 1-6
    • Arakawa, A.1
  • 4
    • 3843138534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cumulus parameterization problem: Past, present, and future
    • doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2493:RATCPP>2.0.CO;2.
    • Arakawa, A., (2004), The cumulus parameterization problem: Past, present, and future, J. Clim., 17, 2493-2525, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2493: RATCPP>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) J. Clim. , vol.17 , pp. 2493-2525
    • Arakawa, A.1
  • 5
    • 0001241791 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I
    • Arakawa, A., and, W. H. Schubert, (1974), Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 674-701
    • Arakawa, A.1    Schubert, W.H.2
  • 6
    • 84881306828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unified representation of deep moist convection in numerical modeling of the atmosphere. Part I
    • doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0330.1.
    • Arakawa, A., and, C.-M. Wu, (2013), A unified representation of deep moist convection in numerical modeling of the atmosphere. Part I, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 1977-1992, doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0330.1.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 1977-1992
    • Arakawa, A.1    Wu, C.-M.2
  • 7
    • 84874816754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced MJO-like variability at high SST
    • doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00272.1.
    • Arnold, N. P., Z. Kuang, and, E. Tziperman, (2013), Enhanced MJO-like variability at high SST, J. Clim., 26, 988-1001, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00272.1.
    • (2013) J. Clim. , vol.26 , pp. 988-1001
    • Arnold, N.P.1    Kuang, Z.2    Tziperman, E.3
  • 9
    • 79955440070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MJO structure in the superparameterized CAM
    • Benedict, J. J., and, D. A. Randall, (2009), MJO structure in the superparameterized CAM, J. Clim., 66, 3277-3296.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.66 , pp. 3277-3296
    • Benedict, J.J.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 10
    • 80053215574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of idealized air-sea coupling on Madden-Julian Oscillation structure in the superparameterized CAM
    • Benedict, J. J., and, D. A. Randall, (2011), Impacts of idealized air-sea coupling on Madden-Julian Oscillation structure in the superparameterized CAM, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 1990-2008.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 1990-2008
    • Benedict, J.J.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 11
    • 77953337371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model: Part II. Column modeling with a cloud resolving model
    • doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.8.
    • Blossey, P. N., C. S. Bretherton, and, M. C. Wyant, (2009), Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model: Part II. Column modeling with a cloud resolving model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 1, doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.8.
    • (2009) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. , vol.1
    • Blossey, P.N.1    Bretherton, C.S.2    Wyant, M.C.3
  • 12
    • 84887298740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher Order Turbulence Closure and Its Impact on Climate Simulations in the Community Atmosphere Model
    • doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00075.1.
    • Bogenschutgz, P. A., A. Gettelman, and, H. Morrison, (2013), Higher Order Turbulence Closure and Its Impact on Climate Simulations in the Community Atmosphere Model, J. Clim., doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00075.1.
    • (2013) J. Clim.
    • Bogenschutgz, P.A.1    Gettelman, A.2    Morrison, H.3
  • 13
    • 84880803350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simplified PDF parameterization of subgrid-scale clouds and turbulence for cloud-resolving models
    • doi: 10.1002/jame.200118.
    • Bogenschutz, P. A., and, S. K. Krueger, (2013), A simplified PDF parameterization of subgrid-scale clouds and turbulence for cloud-resolving models, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 5, 195-211, doi: 10.1002/jame.200118.
    • (2013) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. , vol.5 , pp. 195-211
    • Bogenschutz, P.A.1    Krueger, S.K.2
  • 14
    • 84880557305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unified parameterization of the planetary boundary layer and shallow convection with a higher-order turbulence closure in the Community Atmosphere Model
    • Bogenschutz, P. A., A. Gettelman, H. Morrison, V. E. Larson, D. P. Schanen, N. R. Meyer, and, C. Craig, (2012), Unified parameterization of the planetary boundary layer and shallow convection with a higher-order turbulence closure in the Community Atmosphere Model, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1407-1423.
    • (2012) Geosci. Model Dev. , vol.5 , pp. 1407-1423
    • Bogenschutz, P.A.1    Gettelman, A.2    Morrison, H.3    Larson, V.E.4    Schanen, D.P.5    Meyer, N.R.6    Craig, C.7
  • 15
    • 26244449283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the role of moist processes in tropical intraseasonal variability: Cloud-radiation and moisture-convection feedbacks
    • doi: 10.1175/JAS3506.1.
    • Bony, S., and, K. A. Emanuel, (2005), On the role of moist processes in tropical intraseasonal variability: Cloud-radiation and moisture-convection feedbacks, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2770-2789, doi: 10.1175/JAS3506.1.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 2770-2789
    • Bony, S.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 16
    • 0002531176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential forecast skill of ensemble prediction and spread and skill distributions of the ECMWF ensemble prediction system
    • Buizza, R., (1997), Potential forecast skill of ensemble prediction and spread and skill distributions of the ECMWF ensemble prediction system, Mon. Weather Rev., 125, 99-119.
    • (1997) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 99-119
    • Buizza, R.1
  • 17
    • 0004898710 scopus 로고
    • On the origin of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation
    • doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<1940:OTOOTT>2.0.CO;2.
    • Chao, W. C., (1987), On the origin of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1940-1949, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1987) 044<1940:OTOOTT>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 1940-1949
    • Chao, W.C.1
  • 18
    • 79960476438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved low-cloud simulation from a multiscale modeling framework with a third-order turbulence closure in its cloud-resolving model component
    • D14101, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015362.
    • Cheng, A., and, K.-M. Xu, (2011), Improved low-cloud simulation from a multiscale modeling framework with a third-order turbulence closure in its cloud-resolving model component, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D14101, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015362.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Cheng, A.1    Xu, K.-M.2
  • 19
    • 84881628575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating low-cloud simulation with an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part III: Tropical and subtropical cloud transitions over the Northern Pacific
    • Cheng, A., and, K.-M. Xu, (2013), Evaluating low-cloud simulation with an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part III: Tropical and subtropical cloud transitions over the Northern Pacific, J. Clim., 26, 5761-5781.
    • (2013) J. Clim. , vol.26 , pp. 5761-5781
    • Cheng, A.1    Xu, K.-M.2
  • 20
    • 84890549492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eastward propagating intraseasonal oscillation represented by Chikira-Sugiyama cumulus parameterization. Part II: Understanding moisture variation under weak temperature gradient balance
    • doi: 10.1002/2013GL057998, in press.
    • Chikira, M., (2013), Eastward propagating intraseasonal oscillation represented by Chikira-Sugiyama cumulus parameterization. Part II: Understanding moisture variation under weak temperature gradient balance, J. Clim., doi: 10.1002/2013GL057998, in press.
    • (2013) J. Clim.
    • Chikira, M.1
  • 21
    • 77955561334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cumulus parameterization with state-dependent entrainment rate. Part I: Description and sensitivity to temperature and humidity profiles
    • doi: 10.1175/2010JAS3316.1.
    • Chikira, M., and, M. Sugiyama, (2010), A cumulus parameterization with state-dependent entrainment rate. Part I: Description and sensitivity to temperature and humidity profiles, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2171-2193, doi: 10.1175/2010JAS3316.1.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 2171-2193
    • Chikira, M.1    Sugiyama, M.2
  • 22
    • 84876728063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Madden-Julian Oscillation in ECHAM6 and the introduction of an objective MJO metric
    • Crueger, T., B. Stevens, and, R. Brokopf, (2013), The Madden-Julian Oscillation in ECHAM6 and the introduction of an objective MJO metric, J. Clim., 26, 3241-3257.
    • (2013) J. Clim. , vol.26 , pp. 3241-3257
    • Crueger, T.1    Stevens, B.2    Brokopf, R.3
  • 23
    • 35348932768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate?
    • L16703, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030525.
    • Del Genio, A. D., M.-S. Yao, and, J. Jonas, (2007), Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16703, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030525.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Yao, M.-S.2    Jonas, J.3
  • 24
    • 33846428764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective precipitation variability as a tool for general circulation model analysis
    • DeMott, C. A., D. A. Randall, and, M. Khairoutdinov, (2007), Convective precipitation variability as a tool for general circulation model analysis, J. Clim., 20, 91-112.
    • (2007) J. Clim. , vol.20 , pp. 91-112
    • Demott, C.A.1    Randall, D.A.2    Khairoutdinov, M.3
  • 25
    • 80053188282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Asian monsoon in the super-parameterized CCSM and its relation to tropical wave activity
    • DeMott, C. A., C. Stan, D. A. Randall, J. L. Kinter III, and, M. Khairoutdinov, (2011), The Asian monsoon in the super-parameterized CCSM and its relation to tropical wave activity, J. Clim., 24, 5134-5156.
    • (2011) J. Clim. , vol.24 , pp. 5134-5156
    • Demott, C.A.1    Stan, C.2    Randall, D.A.3    Kinter III, J.L.4    Khairoutdinov, M.5
  • 26
    • 84875828927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northward propagation mechanisms of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in the ERA-Interim and SP-CCSM
    • doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00191.1.
    • DeMott, C. A., C. Stan, and, D. A. Randall, (2013), Northward propagation mechanisms of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in the ERA-Interim and SP-CCSM, J. Clim., 26, 1973-1992, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00191.1.
    • (2013) J. Clim. , vol.26 , pp. 1973-1992
    • Demott, C.A.1    Stan, C.2    Randall, D.A.3
  • 28
    • 0001919093 scopus 로고
    • Construction of a dynamic model of the production of atmospheric turbulence and the dispersal of atmospheric pollutants
    • edited by D. A. Haugen, Am. Meteorol. Soc. Boston, Mass.
    • Donaldson, C., (1973), Construction of a dynamic model of the production of atmospheric turbulence and the dispersal of atmospheric pollutants, in Workshop on Micrometeorology, edited by, D. A. Haugen, pp. 313-392, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass.
    • (1973) Workshop on Micrometeorology , pp. 313-392
    • Donaldson, C.1
  • 29
    • 79955044421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL Global Coupled Model CM3
    • Donner, L. J., et al. (2011), The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL Global Coupled Model CM3, J. Clim., 24, 3484-3519.
    • (2011) J. Clim. , vol.24 , pp. 3484-3519
    • Donner, L.J.1
  • 30
    • 84859591226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of explicitly simulated and downscaled tropical cyclone activity in a high-resolution global climate model
    • doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.9.
    • Emanuel, K., K. Oouchi, M. Satoh, H. Tomita, and, Y. Yamada, (2010), Comparison of explicitly simulated and downscaled tropical cyclone activity in a high-resolution global climate model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 2, doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.9.
    • (2010) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. , vol.2
    • Emanuel, K.1    Oouchi, K.2    Satoh, M.3    Tomita, H.4    Yamada, Y.5
  • 31
    • 84855796683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical oceanic hot towers: Need they be undilute to transport energy from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere effectively? An answer based on trajectory analysis of a simulation of a TOGA COARE convective system
    • doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0147.1.
    • Fierro, A. O., E. J. Zipser, M. A. LeMone, J. M. Straka, and, J. M. Simpson, (2012), Tropical oceanic hot towers: Need they be undilute to transport energy from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere effectively? An answer based on trajectory analysis of a simulation of a TOGA COARE convective system, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 195-213, doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0147.1.
    • (2012) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 195-213
    • Fierro, A.O.1    Zipser, E.J.2    Lemone, M.A.3    Straka, J.M.4    Simpson, J.M.5
  • 32
    • 34247202137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple, vertically resolved model of tropical disturbances with a humidity closure
    • Fuchs, Ž., and, D. J. Raymond, (2007), A simple, vertically resolved model of tropical disturbances with a humidity closure, Tellus A, 59, 344-354.
    • (2007) Tellus A , vol.59 , pp. 344-354
    • Fuchs, Ž.1    Raymond, D.J.2
  • 33
    • 0019165888 scopus 로고
    • Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation
    • Gill, A. E., (1980), Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 106, 447-462.
    • (1980) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.106 , pp. 447-462
    • Gill, A.E.1
  • 34
    • 0035334760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling cloud processes with the large-scale dynamics using the cloud-resolving convection parameterization (CRCP)
    • Grabowski, W. W., (2001), Coupling cloud processes with the large-scale dynamics using the cloud-resolving convection parameterization (CRCP), J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 978-997.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 978-997
    • Grabowski, W.W.1
  • 35
    • 3042709640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moisture-convection feedback in the tropics
    • Grabowski, W., and, M. W. Moncrieff, (2004), Moisture-convection feedback in the tropics, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 130, 3081-3104.
    • (2004) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.130 , pp. 3081-3104
    • Grabowski, W.1    Moncrieff, M.W.2
  • 36
    • 0000588399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRCP: A cloud resolving convection parameterization for modeling the tropical convective atmosphere
    • Grabowski, W. W., and, P. K. Smolarkiewicz, (1999), CRCP: A cloud resolving convection parameterization for modeling the tropical convective atmosphere, Phys. D, 133, 171-178.
    • (1999) Phys. D , vol.133 , pp. 171-178
    • Grabowski, W.W.1    Smolarkiewicz, P.K.2
  • 37
    • 79959336284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of moisture-convection feedbacks in simulating the Madden-Julian Oscillation
    • Hannah, W. M., and, E. D. Maloney, (2011), The role of moisture-convection feedbacks in simulating the Madden-Julian Oscillation, J. Clim., 24, 2754-2770.
    • (2011) J. Clim. , vol.24 , pp. 2754-2770
    • Hannah, W.M.1    Maloney, E.D.2
  • 38
    • 0000512114 scopus 로고
    • The life cycle of the Madden-Julian Oscillation
    • Hendon, H. H., and, M. L. Salby, (1994), The life cycle of the Madden-Julian Oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2225-2237.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 2225-2237
    • Hendon, H.H.1    Salby, M.L.2
  • 39
    • 33747758699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability mysteries in cloud-resolving models
    • Hohenegger, C., D. Lüthi, and, C. Schär, (2006), Predictability mysteries in cloud-resolving models, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2095-2107.
    • (2006) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 2095-2107
    • Hohenegger, C.1    Lüthi, D.2    Schär, C.3
  • 40
    • 69849100467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moisture vertical structure, column water vapor, and tropical deep convection
    • doi: 10.1175/2008JAS2806.1.
    • Holloway, C. E., and, J. D. Neelin, (2009), Moisture vertical structure, column water vapor, and tropical deep convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1665-1683, doi: 10.1175/2008JAS2806.1.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1665-1683
    • Holloway, C.E.1    Neelin, J.D.2
  • 41
    • 84876888276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of explicit versus parameterized convection on the MJO in a large-domain high-resolution tropical case study. Part I: Characterization of large-scale organization and propagation
    • doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0227.1.
    • Holloway, C. E., S. J. Woolnough, and, G. M. S. Llister, (2013), The effects of explicit versus parameterized convection on the MJO in a large-domain high-resolution tropical case study. Part I: Characterization of large-scale organization and propagation, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 1342-1369, doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0227.1.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 1342-1369
    • Holloway, C.E.1    Woolnough, S.J.2    Llister, G.M.S.3
  • 42
    • 84878987485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MJO and convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by CMIP5 climate models
    • doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00541.1.
    • Hung, M.-P., J.-L. Lin, W. Wang, D. Kim, T. Shinoda, and, S. J. Weaver, (2013), MJO and convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by CMIP5 climate models, J. Clim., 26, 6185-6214, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00541.1.
    • (2013) J. Clim. , vol.26 , pp. 6185-6214
    • Hung, M.-P.1    Lin, J.-L.2    Wang, W.3    Kim, D.4    Shinoda, T.5    Weaver, S.J.6
  • 43
    • 77953170577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of high-level clouds represented in a global cloud system-Resolving model with CALIPSO/CloudSat and geostationary satellite observations
    • D00H22, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012371.
    • Inoue, T., M. Satoh, Y. Hagihara, H. Miura, and, J. Schmetz, (2010), Comparison of high-level clouds represented in a global cloud system-Resolving model with CALIPSO/CloudSat and geostationary satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H22, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012371.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Inoue, T.1    Satoh, M.2    Hagihara, Y.3    Miura, H.4    Schmetz, J.5
  • 44
    • 79551560355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a quasi-3D multiscale modeling framework: Motivation, basic algorithm and preliminary results
    • doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.11.
    • Jung, J.-H., and, A. Arakawa, (2010), Development of a quasi-3D multiscale modeling framework: Motivation, basic algorithm and preliminary results, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 2, doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.11.
    • (2010) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. , vol.2
    • Jung, J.-H.1    Arakawa, A.2
  • 45
    • 0035883283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cloud resolving model as a cloud parameterization in the NCAR Community Climate System Model: Preliminary results
    • Khairoutdinov, M. F., and, D. A. Randall, (2001), A cloud resolving model as a cloud parameterization in the NCAR Community Climate System Model: Preliminary results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3617-3620.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 3617-3620
    • Khairoutdinov, M.F.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 46
    • 0036735094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarity of deep cumulus convection as revealed by a three-dimensional cloud resolving model
    • Khairoutdinov, M., and, D. A. Randall, (2002), Similarity of deep cumulus convection as revealed by a three-dimensional cloud resolving model, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2550-2566.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 2550-2566
    • Khairoutdinov, M.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 47
    • 33846145369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution simulations of shallow-to-deep convection transition over land
    • Khairoutdinov, M., and, D. A. Randall, (2006), High-resolution simulations of shallow-to-deep convection transition over land, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 3421-3436.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 3421-3436
    • Khairoutdinov, M.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 48
    • 20044395922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the atmospheric general circulation using a cloud-resolving model as a super-parameterization of physical processes
    • Khairoutdinov, M., D. A. Randall, and, C. A. DeMott, (2005), Simulation of the atmospheric general circulation using a cloud-resolving model as a super-parameterization of physical processes, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2136-2154.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 2136-2154
    • Khairoutdinov, M.1    Randall, D.A.2    Demott, C.A.3
  • 51
    • 77649307988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of MJO simulation diagnostics to climate models
    • Kim, D., et al. (2009), Application of MJO simulation diagnostics to climate models, J. Clim., 22, 6413-6436.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 6413-6436
    • Kim, D.1
  • 52
    • 33645962608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mass-flux scheme view of a high-resolution simulation of a transition from shallow to deep cumulus convection
    • doi: 10.1175/JAS3723.1.
    • Kuang, Z., and, C. S. Bretherton, (2006), A mass-flux scheme view of a high-resolution simulation of a transition from shallow to deep cumulus convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1895-1909, doi: 10.1175/JAS3723.1.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 1895-1909
    • Kuang, Z.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 53
    • 0002919765 scopus 로고
    • On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latent heat release by cumulus convection
    • Kuo, H.-L., (1965), On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latent heat release by cumulus convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 40-63.
    • (1965) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 40-63
    • Kuo, H.-L.1
  • 54
    • 81255211625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intraseasonal moist static energy budget in reanalysis data
    • D21117, doi: 10.1029/2011JD016031.
    • Landu, K., and, E. D. Maloney, (2011), The intraseasonal moist static energy budget in reanalysis data, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D21117, doi: 10.1029/2011JD016031.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Landu, K.1    Maloney, E.D.2
  • 55
    • 0035418194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a unified parameterization of the boundary layer and moist convection. Part I. A new type of mass-flux model
    • Lappen, C.-L., and, D. A. Randall, (2001), Towards a unified parameterization of the boundary layer and moist convection. Part I. A new type of mass-flux model, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2021-2036.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 2021-2036
    • Lappen, C.-L.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 56
    • 26444563231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplying local microphysics parameterizations with information about subgrid variability: Latin hypercube sampling
    • doi: 10.1175/JAS3624.1.
    • Larson, V. E., J.-C. Golaz, H. Jiang, and, W. R. Cotton, (2005), Supplying local microphysics parameterizations with information about subgrid variability: Latin hypercube sampling, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4010-4026, doi: 10.1175/JAS3624.1.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 4010-4026
    • Larson, V.E.1    Golaz, J.-C.2    Jiang, H.3    Cotton, W.R.4
  • 57
    • 84862947106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDF parameterization of boundary layer clouds in models with horizontal grid spacings from 2 to 16 km
    • Larson, V. E., D. P. Schanen, M. Wang, M. Ovchinnikov, and, S. Ghan, (2012), PDF parameterization of boundary layer clouds in models with horizontal grid spacings from 2 to 16 km, Mon. Weather Rev., 140, 285-306.
    • (2012) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.140 , pp. 285-306
    • Larson, V.E.1    Schanen, D.P.2    Wang, M.3    Ovchinnikov, M.4    Ghan, S.5
  • 58
    • 84978549009 scopus 로고
    • Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion
    • Lilly, D. K., (1968), Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 292-309.
    • (1968) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.94 , pp. 292-309
    • Lilly, D.K.1
  • 59
    • 0038504829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward stochastic deep convective parameterization in general circulation models
    • 1162, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016203.
    • Lin, J. W.-B., and, J. D. Neelin, (2003), Toward stochastic deep convective parameterization in general circulation models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (4), 1162, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016203.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.4
    • Lin, J.W.-B.1    Neelin, J.D.2
  • 60
    • 0000462522 scopus 로고
    • Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific
    • Madden, R. A., and, P. R. Julian, (1971), Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708.
    • (1971) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 702-708
    • Madden, R.A.1    Julian, P.R.2
  • 61
    • 0000107799 scopus 로고
    • Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period
    • Madden, R. A., and, P. R. Julian, (1972), Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109-1123.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 1109-1123
    • Madden, R.A.1    Julian, P.R.2
  • 62
    • 64049095308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moist static energy budget of a composite tropical intraseasonal oscillation in a climate model
    • Maloney, E. D., (2009), The moist static energy budget of a composite tropical intraseasonal oscillation in a climate model, J. Clim., 22, 711-729.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 711-729
    • Maloney, E.D.1
  • 63
    • 78649490408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal variability in an aquaplanet general circulation model
    • doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.5.
    • Maloney, E. D., A. H. Sobel, and, W. M. Hannah, (2010), Intraseasonal variability in an aquaplanet general circulation model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 2, doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.5.
    • (2010) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. , vol.2
    • Maloney, E.D.1    Sobel, A.H.2    Hannah, W.M.3
  • 64
    • 0001549471 scopus 로고
    • Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrologic cycle
    • Manabe, S., J. Smagorinsky, and, R. F. Strickler, (1965), Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrologic cycle, Mon. Weather Rev., 93, 769-798.
    • (1965) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.93 , pp. 769-798
    • Manabe, S.1    Smagorinsky, J.2    Strickler, R.F.3
  • 65
    • 84862742222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing tropical biases and the MJO using patterns in MERRA's analysis tendencies
    • Mapes, B. E., and, J. T. Bacmeister, (2012), Diagnosing tropical biases and the MJO using patterns in MERRA's analysis tendencies, J. Clim., 25, 6202-6214.
    • (2012) J. Clim. , vol.25 , pp. 6202-6214
    • Mapes, B.E.1    Bacmeister, J.T.2
  • 66
    • 0002239315 scopus 로고
    • Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area
    • Matsuno, T., (1966), Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 44, 25-43.
    • (1966) J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. , vol.44 , pp. 25-43
    • Matsuno, T.1
  • 68
    • 0001184650 scopus 로고
    • The Gaussian cloud model relations
    • Mellor, G. L., (1977), The Gaussian cloud model relations, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 356-358.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 356-358
    • Mellor, G.L.1
  • 69
    • 0000265493 scopus 로고
    • A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for the planetary boundary layer
    • Mellor, G. L., and, T. Yamada, (1974), A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for the planetary boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1791-1806.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 1791-1806
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 70
    • 37249063076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Madden-Julian Oscillation event realistically simulated by a global cloud-resolving model
    • Miura, H., M. Satoh, T. Nasuno, A. T. Noda, and, K. Oouchi, (2007), A Madden-Julian Oscillation event realistically simulated by a global cloud-resolving model, Science, 318, 1763-1765.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 1763-1765
    • Miura, H.1    Satoh, M.2    Nasuno, T.3    Noda, A.T.4    Oouchi, K.5
  • 71
    • 70349246501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous onset of a Madden-Julian Oscillation event in a cloud-system-resolving simulation
    • L13802, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039056.
    • Miura, H., M. Satoh, and, M. Katsumata, (2009), Spontaneous onset of a Madden-Julian Oscillation event in a cloud-system-resolving simulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13802, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039056.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Miura, H.1    Satoh, M.2    Katsumata, M.3
  • 72
    • 0001673973 scopus 로고
    • Comparative integrations of global models with various parameterized processes of subgrid-scale vertical transports: Description of the parameterizations
    • Miyakoda, K., and, J. Sirutis, (1977), Comparative integrations of global models with various parameterized processes of subgrid-scale vertical transports: Description of the parameterizations, Beitr. zur Physik der Atmos., 50, 445-487.
    • (1977) Beitr. Zur Physik der Atmos. , vol.50 , pp. 445-487
    • Miyakoda, K.1    Sirutis, J.2
  • 73
    • 34548177831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of bulk and bin warm-rain microphysics models using a kinematic framework
    • doi: 10.1175/JAS3980.
    • Morrison, H., and, W. W. Grabowski, (2007), Comparison of bulk and bin warm-rain microphysics models using a kinematic framework, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2839-2861, doi: 10.1175/JAS3980.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 2839-2861
    • Morrison, H.1    Grabowski, W.W.2
  • 74
    • 45849147390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel approach for representing ice microphysics in models: Description and tests using a kinematic framework
    • doi: 10.1175/2007JAS2491.1.
    • Morrison, H., and, W. W. Grabowski, (2008), A novel approach for representing ice microphysics in models: Description and tests using a kinematic framework, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1528-1548, doi: 10.1175/2007JAS2491.1.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 1528-1548
    • Morrison, H.1    Grabowski, W.W.2
  • 75
    • 84898813790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecast skill of Madden-Julian Oscillation events in a global nonhydrostatic model during the CINDY2011/DYNAMO observation period
    • doi: 10.2151/sola.2013-016.
    • Nasuno, T., (2013), Forecast skill of Madden-Julian Oscillation events in a global nonhydrostatic model during the CINDY2011/DYNAMO observation period, Sci. Online Lett. Atmos. (SOLA), 9, 69-73, doi: 10.2151/sola.2013-016.
    • (2013) Sci. Online Lett. Atmos. (SOLA) , vol.9 , pp. 69-73
    • Nasuno, T.1
  • 76
    • 77952322920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of the subgrid-scale turbulent moist process: Cloud distribution in global cloud-resolving simulations
    • Noda, A. T., K. Oouchi, M. Satoh, H. Tomia, S. Iga, and, Y. Tsushima, (2009), Importance of the subgrid-scale turbulent moist process: Cloud distribution in global cloud-resolving simulations, Atmos. Res., 96, 208-21.
    • (2009) Atmos. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 208-221
    • Noda, A.T.1    Oouchi, K.2    Satoh, M.3    Tomia, H.4    Iga, S.5    Tsushima, Y.6
  • 77
    • 67650512617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The University of Washington shallow convection and moist turbulence schemes and their impact on climate simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model
    • Park, S., and, C. S. Bretherton, (2009), The University of Washington shallow convection and moist turbulence schemes and their impact on climate simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model, J. Clim., 22, 3449-3469.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 3449-3469
    • Park, S.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 78
    • 84888063181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic behavior of tropical convection in observations and a multicloud model
    • in press.
    • Peters, K., C. Jakob, L. Davies, B. Khouider, and, A. J. Majda, (2013), Stochastic behavior of tropical convection in observations and a multicloud model, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3556-3575, in press.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 3556-3575
    • Peters, K.1    Jakob, C.2    Davies, L.3    Khouider, B.4    Majda, A.J.5
  • 79
    • 80053198234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Spectral Integration: A consistent approximation for radiative transfer in large eddy simulations
    • doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.1.
    • Pincus, R., and, B. Stevens, (2009), Monte Carlo Spectral Integration: A consistent approximation for radiative transfer in large eddy simulations, J. Adv. Model Earth Syst., 1, doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.1.
    • (2009) J. Adv. Model Earth Syst. , vol.1
    • Pincus, R.1    Stevens, B.2
  • 80
    • 38849155083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stochastic parameterization for deep convection based on equilibrium statistics
    • Plant, R. S., and, G. C. Craig, (2008), A stochastic parameterization for deep convection based on equilibrium statistics, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 87-105.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 87-105
    • Plant, R.S.1    Craig, G.C.2
  • 81
    • 65649127772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical orthogonal function analysis of the diurnal cycle of precipitation in a multi-scale climate model
    • L05812, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036964.
    • Pritchard, M. S., and, R. C. J. Somerville, (2009a), Empirical orthogonal function analysis of the diurnal cycle of precipitation in a multi-scale climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05812, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036964.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Pritchard, M.S.1    Somerville, R.C.J.2
  • 82
    • 84880827999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the diurnal cycle of precipitation in a multi-scale climate model
    • doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.12.
    • Pritchard, M. S., and, R. C. J. Somerville, (2009b), Assessing the diurnal cycle of precipitation in a multi-scale climate model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 1, doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.12.
    • (2009) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. , vol.1
    • Pritchard, M.S.1    Somerville, R.C.J.2
  • 83
    • 80051811479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orogenic propagating precipitation systems over the United States in a global climate model with embedded explicit convection
    • doi: 10.1175/2011JAS3699.1.
    • Pritchard, M. S., M. W. Moncrieff, and, R. C. J. Somerville, (2011), Orogenic propagating precipitation systems over the United States in a global climate model with embedded explicit convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 1821-1840, doi: 10.1175/2011JAS3699.1.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 1821-1840
    • Pritchard, M.S.1    Moncrieff, M.W.2    Somerville, R.C.J.3
  • 84
    • 84890552284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal evidence that horizontal moisture advection is critical to the superparameterized Madden-Julian Oscillation
    • doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0119.1.
    • Pritchard, M. S., and, C. S. Bretherton, (2013), Causal evidence that horizontal moisture advection is critical to the superparameterized Madden-Julian Oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0119.1.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Sci.
    • Pritchard, M.S.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 85
    • 0020433706 scopus 로고
    • Entrainment and detrainment in a simple cumulus cloud model
    • Randall, D. A., and, G. J. Huffman, (1982), Entrainment and detrainment in a simple cumulus cloud model, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2793-2806.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 2793-2806
    • Randall, D.A.1    Huffman, G.J.2
  • 86
    • 0027042585 scopus 로고
    • A second-order bulk boundary-layer model
    • Randall, D. A., Q. Shao, and, C.-H. Moeng, (1992), A second-order bulk boundary-layer model, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1903-1923.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 1903-1923
    • Randall, D.A.1    Shao, Q.2    Moeng, C.-H.3
  • 89
    • 0035883236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A New model of the Madden-Julian Oscillation
    • doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2807:ANMOTM>2.0.CO;2.
    • Raymond, D. J., (2001), A New model of the Madden-Julian Oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2807-2819, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2807:ANMOTM>2. 0.CO;2.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 2807-2819
    • Raymond, D.J.1
  • 90
    • 77955543562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A direct measure of entrainment
    • Romps, D. M., (2010), A direct measure of entrainment, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1908-1927.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1908-1927
    • Romps, D.M.1
  • 91
    • 77953248803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do undiluted convective plumes exist in the upper tropical troposphere?
    • doi: 10.1175/2009JAS3184.1.
    • Romps, D. M., and, Z. Kuang, (2010), Do undiluted convective plumes exist in the upper tropical troposphere?, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 468-484, doi: 10.1175/2009JAS3184.1.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 468-484
    • Romps, D.M.1    Kuang, Z.2
  • 92
    • 36549006040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spring diurnal cycle of clouds over Tibetan Plateau: Global cloud-resolving simulations and satellite observations
    • L18816, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030782.
    • Sato, T., H. Miura, and, M. Satoh, (2007), Spring diurnal cycle of clouds over Tibetan Plateau: Global cloud-resolving simulations and satellite observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L18816, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030782.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Sato, T.1    Miura, H.2    Satoh, M.3
  • 93
    • 45849113586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation statistics comparison between global cloud resolving simulation with NICAM and TRMM PR data
    • in, edited by W. Ohfuchi and K. Hamilton, Springer, New York, ISBN: 978-0387366715.
    • Satoh, M., T. Nasuno, H. Miura, H. Tomita, S. Iga, and, Y. Takayabu, (2008), Precipitation statistics comparison between global cloud resolving simulation with NICAM and TRMM PR data, in High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean, edited by, W. Ohfuchi, and, K. Hamilton, pp. 99-112, Springer, New York, ISBN: 978-0387366715.
    • (2008) High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean , pp. 99-112
    • Satoh, M.1    Nasuno, T.2    Miura, H.3    Tomita, H.4    Iga, S.5    Takayabu, Y.6
  • 94
    • 84858606867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of upper clouds in global warming experiments obtained using a global nonhydrostatic model with explicit cloud processes
    • doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00152.1.
    • Satoh, M., S.-i. Iga, H. Tomita, Y. Tsushima, and, A. T. Noda, (2012), Response of upper clouds in global warming experiments obtained using a global nonhydrostatic model with explicit cloud processes, J. Clim., 25, 2178-2191, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00152.1.
    • (2012) J. Clim. , vol.25 , pp. 2178-2191
    • Satoh, M.1    Iga, S.-I.2    Tomita, H.3    Tsushima, Y.4    Noda, A.T.5
  • 95
    • 33749658781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential vorticity aspects of the MJO
    • Schubert, W. H., and, M. T. Masarik, (2006), Potential vorticity aspects of the MJO, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 42, 127-151.
    • (2006) Dyn. Atmos. Oceans , vol.42 , pp. 127-151
    • Schubert, W.H.1    Masarik, M.T.2
  • 96
    • 0033507340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective precursors and predictability in the tropical western Pacific
    • doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2977:CPAPIT>2.0.CO;2.
    • Sherwood, S. C., (1999), Convective precursors and predictability in the tropical western Pacific, Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 2977-2991, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2977:CPAPIT>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1999) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 2977-2991
    • Sherwood, S.C.1
  • 97
    • 33846917940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective forcing fluctuations in a cloud-resolving model: Relevance to the stochastic parameterization problem
    • doi: 10.1175/JCLI3954.1.
    • Shutts, G. J., and, T. N. Palmer, (2007), Convective forcing fluctuations in a cloud-resolving model: Relevance to the stochastic parameterization problem, J. Clim., 20, 187-202, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3954.1.
    • (2007) J. Clim. , vol.20 , pp. 187-202
    • Shutts, G.J.1    Palmer, T.N.2
  • 98
    • 0010626225 scopus 로고
    • On the dynamical prediction of large-scale condensation by numerical methods
    • Smagorinski, J., (1960), On the dynamical prediction of large-scale condensation by numerical methods, Geophys. Monogr., 5, 71-78.
    • (1960) Geophys. Monogr. , vol.5 , pp. 71-78
    • Smagorinski, J.1
  • 99
    • 84864860562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An idealized semi-empirical framework for modeling the Madden-Julian Oscillation
    • Sobel, A., and, E. Maloney, (2012), An idealized semi-empirical framework for modeling the Madden-Julian Oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1691-1705.
    • (2012) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 1691-1705
    • Sobel, A.1    Maloney, E.2
  • 100
    • 84874963147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moisture modes and the eastward propagation of the MJO
    • doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0189.1.
    • Sobel, A., and, E. Maloney, (2013), Moisture modes and the eastward propagation of the MJO, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 187-192, doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0189. 1.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 187-192
    • Sobel, A.1    Maloney, E.2
  • 101
    • 0001530069 scopus 로고
    • Subgrid-scale condensation in models of nonprecipitating clouds
    • Sommeria, G., and, J. W. Deardorff, (1977), Subgrid-scale condensation in models of nonprecipitating clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 344-355.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 344-355
    • Sommeria, G.1    Deardorff, J.W.2
  • 103
    • 67650543176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moisture mode in the quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model. Part I: Analysis based on the weak temperature gradient approximation
    • doi: 10.1175/2008JAS2690.1.
    • Sugiyama, M., (2009), The moisture mode in the quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model. Part I: Analysis based on the weak temperature gradient approximation, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1507-1523, doi: 10.1175/2008JAS2690.1.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1507-1523
    • Sugiyama, M.1
  • 104
    • 68949201812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiscale modeling system: Developments, applications, and critical issues
    • Tao, W.-K., et al. (2009), A multiscale modeling system: Developments, applications, and critical issues, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 515-534.
    • (2009) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.90 , pp. 515-534
    • Tao, W.-K.1
  • 105
    • 77649323622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of convective moistening in the formation and progression of the MJO
    • Thayer-Calder, K., and, D. A. Randall, (2009), The role of convective moistening in the formation and progression of the MJO, J. Clim., 66, 3297-3312.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.66 , pp. 3297-3312
    • Thayer-Calder, K.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 106
    • 85007254501 scopus 로고
    • The equatorial 30-60 day oscillation and the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization
    • Tokioka, T., K. Yamazaki, A. Kitoh, and, T. Ose, (1988), The equatorial 30-60 day oscillation and the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 66, 883-901.
    • (1988) J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. , vol.66 , pp. 883-901
    • Tokioka, T.1    Yamazaki, K.2    Kitoh, A.3    Ose, T.4
  • 107
    • 84971432628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New microphysics with five and six categories with diagnostic generation of cloud ice
    • Tomita, H., (2008), New microphysics with five and six categories with diagnostic generation of cloud ice, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 86A, 1-15.
    • (2008) J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. , vol.86 A , pp. 1-15
    • Tomita, H.1
  • 108
    • 2442560101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new dynamical framework of nonhydrostatic global model using the icosahedral grid
    • Tomita, H., and, M. Satoh, (2004), A new dynamical framework of nonhydrostatic global model using the icosahedral grid, Fluid Dyn. Res., 34, 357-400.
    • (2004) Fluid Dyn. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 357-400
    • Tomita, H.1    Satoh, M.2
  • 109
    • 22944464732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global cloud-resolving simulation: Preliminary results from an aqua planet experiment
    • L08805, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022459.
    • Tomita, H., H. Miura, S. Iga, T. Nasuno, and, M. Satoh, (2005), A global cloud-resolving simulation: Preliminary results from an aqua planet experiment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08805, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022459.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Tomita, H.1    Miura, H.2    Iga, S.3    Nasuno, T.4    Satoh, M.5
  • 110
    • 84865473923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraining cloud lifetime effects of aerosols using A-Train satellite observations
    • L15709, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052204.
    • Wang, M., et al. (2012), Constraining cloud lifetime effects of aerosols using A-Train satellite observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15709, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052204.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39
    • Wang, M.1
  • 111
    • 79960162458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF: Model description and evaluation
    • Wang, M., et al. (2011a), The multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF: Model description and evaluation, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 137-168.
    • (2011) Geosci. Model Dev. , vol.4 , pp. 137-168
    • Wang, M.1
  • 112
    • 79960187362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol indirect effects in a multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF
    • doi: 10.5194/acp-11-5431-2011.
    • Wang, M., S. Ghan, M. Ovchinnikov, X. Liu, R. Easter, E. Kassianov, Y. Qian, and, H. Morrison, (2011b), Aerosol indirect effects in a multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5431-5455, doi: 10.5194/acp-11-5431-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 5431-5455
    • Wang, M.1    Ghan, S.2    Ovchinnikov, M.3    Liu, X.4    Easter, R.5    Kassianov, E.6    Qian, Y.7    Morrison, H.8
  • 113
    • 84880895711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of remote aerosol distributions to representation of cloud-aerosol interactions in a global climate model
    • doi: 10.5194/gmd-6-765-2013.
    • Wang, H., et al. (2013), Sensitivity of remote aerosol distributions to representation of cloud-aerosol interactions in a global climate model, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 765-782, doi: 10.5194/gmd-6-765-2013.
    • (2013) Geosci. Model Dev. , vol.6 , pp. 765-782
    • Wang, H.1
  • 114
    • 77953328661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model. Part I: Regime sorting and physical mechanisms
    • doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.7.
    • Wyant, M. C., C. S. Bretherton, and, P. N. Blossey, (2009), Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model. Part I: Regime sorting and physical mechanisms, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 1, doi: 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.7.
    • (2009) J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. , vol.1
    • Wyant, M.C.1    Bretherton, C.S.2    Blossey, P.N.3
  • 115
    • 84881630278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating low-cloud simulation with an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part I: Sensitivity to spatial resolution and climatology
    • Xu, K.-M., and, A. Cheng, (2013a), Evaluating low-cloud simulation with an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part I: Sensitivity to spatial resolution and climatology, J. Clim., 26, 5717-5740.
    • (2013) J. Clim. , vol.26 , pp. 5717-5740
    • Xu, K.-M.1    Cheng, A.2
  • 116
    • 84880779500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating low-cloud simulation with an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part II: Seasonal variations over the Eastern Pacific
    • Xu, K.-M., and, A. Cheng, (2013b), Evaluating low-cloud simulation with an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part II: Seasonal variations over the Eastern Pacific, J. Clim., 26, 5741-5760.
    • (2013) J. Clim. , vol.26 , pp. 5741-5760
    • Xu, K.-M.1    Cheng, A.2
  • 117
    • 23644435616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Madden-Julian Oscillation
    • RG2003, doi: 10.1029/2004RG000158.
    • Zhang, C., (2005), Madden-Julian Oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 43, RG2003, doi: 10.1029/2004RG000158.
    • (2005) Rev. Geophys. , vol.43
    • Zhang, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.