메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 368-375

Clinical development of ghrelin axis-derived molecules for cancer cachexia treatment

Author keywords

Cachexia; Cancer; Ghrelin; Ghrelin mimetics; Growth hormone

Indexed keywords

GHRELIN; GHRELIN RECEPTOR; GROWTH HORMONE;

EID: 84887934424     PISSN: 17514258     EISSN: 17514266     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000012     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0018899801 scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationships of a synthetic pentapeptide that specifically releases growth hormone in vitro
    • Bowers CY, Momany F, Reynolds GA, et al. Structure-activity relationships of a synthetic pentapeptide that specifically releases growth hormone in vitro. Endocrinology 1980; 106:663-667.
    • (1980) Endocrinology , vol.106 , pp. 663-667
    • Bowers, C.Y.1    Momany, F.2    Reynolds, G.A.3
  • 2
    • 9444246501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release
    • Howard AD, Feighner SD, Cully DF, et al. A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release. Science 1996; 273:974-977.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 974-977
    • Howard, A.D.1    Feighner, S.D.2    Cully, D.F.3
  • 3
    • 33847081784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression in mice during aging
    • Sun Y, Garcia JM, Smith RG. Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression in mice during aging. Endocrinology 2007; 148:1323-1329.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 1323-1329
    • Sun, Y.1    Garcia, J.M.2    Smith, R.G.3
  • 4
    • 0033540056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach
    • Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999; 402:656-660.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 656-660
    • Kojima, M.1    Hosoda, H.2    Date, Y.3
  • 5
    • 3042735648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tissue distribution of the mRNA of ghrelin and subtypes of its receptor, GHS-R, in humans
    • Gnanapavan S, Kola B, Bustin SA, et al. The tissue distribution of the mRNA of ghrelin and subtypes of its receptor, GHS-R, in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:2988.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 2988
    • Gnanapavan, S.1    Kola, B.2    Bustin, S.A.3
  • 6
    • 84876719181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ghrelin in anorexia-cachexia syndromes
    • Guillory B, Splenser A, Garcia J. The role of ghrelin in anorexia-cachexia syndromes. Vitam Horm 2013; 92:61-106.
    • (2013) Vitam Horm , vol.92 , pp. 61-106
    • Guillory, B.1    Splenser, A.2    Garcia, J.3
  • 7
    • 84873367527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acylated and unacylated ghrelin impair skeletal muscle atrophy in mice
    • Porporato PE, Filigheddu N, Reano S, et al. Acylated and unacylated ghrelin impair skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. J Clin Invest 2013; 123: 611-622.
    • (2013) J Clin Invest , vol.123 , pp. 611-622
    • Porporato, P.E.1    Filigheddu, N.2    Reano, S.3
  • 8
    • 0037164747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1/2 and PI 3-kinase/AKT
    • Baldanzi G, Filigheddu N, Cutrupi S, et al. Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1/2 and PI 3-kinase/AKT. J Cell Biol 2002; 159:1029-1037.
    • (2002) J Cell Biol , vol.159 , pp. 1029-1037
    • Baldanzi, G.1    Filigheddu, N.2    Cutrupi, S.3
  • 9
    • 79955399340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: An international consensus
    • Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, et al. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12:489-495.
    • (2011) Lancet Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 489-495
    • Fearon, K.1    Strasser, F.2    Anker, S.D.3
  • 10
    • 0033711116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel hypothalamic peptide ghrelin stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion
    • Wren AM, Small CJ, Ward HL, et al. The novel hypothalamic peptide ghrelin stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion. Endocrinology 2000; 141:4325-4328.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 4325-4328
    • Wren, A.M.1    Small, C.J.2    Ward, H.L.3
  • 11
    • 0035216623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans
    • Wren AM, Seal LJ, Cohen MA, et al. Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:5992.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 5992
    • Wren, A.M.1    Seal, L.J.2    Cohen, M.A.3
  • 12
    • 23944474572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin increases food intake in obese as well as lean subjects
    • Druce MR, Wren AM, Park AJ, et al. Ghrelin increases food intake in obese as well as lean subjects. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29:1130-1136.
    • (2005) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.29 , pp. 1130-1136
    • Druce, M.R.1    Wren, A.M.2    Park, A.J.3
  • 13
    • 27144468685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developments in ghrelin biology and potential clinical relevance
    • Smith RG, Jiang H, Sun Y. Developments in ghrelin biology and potential clinical relevance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2005; 16:436-442.
    • (2005) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.16 , pp. 436-442
    • Smith, R.G.1    Jiang, H.2    Sun, Y.3
  • 14
    • 0035133586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin
    • Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga T, et al. Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:337-345.
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.120 , pp. 337-345
    • Asakawa, A.1    Inui, A.2    Kaga, T.3
  • 15
    • 79958079915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the central ghrelin system in reward from food and chemical drugs
    • Dickson SL, Egecioglu E, Landgren S, et al. The role of the central ghrelin system in reward from food and chemical drugs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 340:80-87.
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.340 , pp. 80-87
    • Dickson, S.L.1    Egecioglu, E.2    Landgren, S.3
  • 16
    • 84865621644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ghrelin administration during chemotherapy with advanced esophageal cancer patients: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study
    • Hiura Y, Takiguchi S, Yamamoto K, et al. Effects of ghrelin administration during chemotherapy with advanced esophageal cancer patients: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Cancer 2012; 118:4785-4794.
    • (2012) Cancer , vol.118 , pp. 4785-4794
    • Hiura, Y.1    Takiguchi, S.2    Yamamoto, K.3
  • 17
    • 0142089853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centrally administered ghrelin suppresses sympathetic nerve activity in brown adipose tissue of rats
    • Yasuda T, Masaki T, Kakuma T, Yoshimatsu H. Centrally administered ghrelin suppresses sympathetic nerve activity in brown adipose tissue of rats. Neurosci Lett 2003; 349:75-78.
    • (2003) Neurosci Lett , vol.349 , pp. 75-78
    • Yasuda, T.1    Masaki, T.2    Kakuma, T.3    Yoshimatsu, H.4
  • 18
    • 18844441671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active ghrelin levels and active to total ghrelin ratio in cancer-induced cachexia
    • Garcia JM, Garcia-Touza M, Hijazi RA, et al. Active ghrelin levels and active to total ghrelin ratio in cancer-induced cachexia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:2920-2926.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 2920-2926
    • Garcia, J.M.1    Garcia-Touza, M.2    Hijazi, R.A.3
  • 19
    • 1942424855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced total energy expenditure and physical activity in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer can be modulated by an energy and protein dense oral supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids
    • Moses AW, Slater C, Preston T, et al. Reduced total energy expenditure and physical activity in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer can be modulated by an energy and protein dense oral supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:996-1002.
    • (2004) Br J Cancer , vol.90 , pp. 996-1002
    • Moses, A.W.1    Slater, C.2    Preston, T.3
  • 20
    • 0035822283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain cytokine production and action in anorexia and cachexia
    • Plata-Salaman CR. Brain cytokine production and action in anorexia and cachexia. Cytokine 2001; 15:1-3.
    • (2001) Cytokine , vol.15 , pp. 1-3
    • Plata-Salaman, C.R.1
  • 21
    • 62149083382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6 and serum amyloid A synergy mediates angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting
    • Zhang L, Du J, Hu Z, et al. IL-6 and serum amyloid A synergy mediates angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:604-612.
    • (2009) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.20 , pp. 604-612
    • Zhang, L.1    Du, J.2    Hu, Z.3
  • 22
    • 84155165679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue inflammation and cancer cachexia: Possible role of nuclear transcription factors
    • Batista ML Jr, Peres SB, McDonald ME, et al. Adipose tissue inflammation and cancer cachexia: possible role of nuclear transcription factors. Cytokine 2012; 57:9-16.
    • (2012) Cytokine , vol.57 , pp. 9-16
    • Batista Jr., M.L.1    Peres, S.B.2    McDonald, M.E.3
  • 23
    • 3242749843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin inhibits leptin-and activationinduced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells
    • Dixit VD, Schaffer EM, Pyle RS, et al. Ghrelin inhibits leptin-and activationinduced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:57-66.
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.114 , pp. 57-66
    • Dixit, V.D.1    Schaffer, E.M.2    Pyle, R.S.3
  • 24
    • 67349116804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression, regulation and biological actions of growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin in the immune system
    • Hattori N. Expression, regulation and biological actions of growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin in the immune system. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009; 19:187-197.
    • (2009) Growth Horm IGF Res , vol.19 , pp. 187-197
    • Hattori, N.1
  • 25
    • 0037456519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis
    • Cowley MA, Smith RG, Diano S, et al. The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis. Neuron 2003; 37:649-661.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , pp. 649-661
    • Cowley, M.A.1    Smith, R.G.2    Diano, S.3
  • 26
    • 84883197539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of cisplatin-induced lipid catabolism and weight loss by ghrelin in MALE mice
    • Garcia JM, Scherer T, Chen JA, et al. Inhibition of cisplatin-induced lipid catabolism and weight loss by ghrelin in MALE mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3118-3129.
    • (2013) Endocrinology , vol.154 , pp. 3118-3129
    • Garcia, J.M.1    Scherer, T.2    Chen, J.A.3
  • 27
    • 34250888937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin treatment causes increased food intake and retention of lean body mass in a rat model of cancer cachexia
    • DeBoer MD, Zhu XX, Levasseur P, et al. Ghrelin treatment causes increased food intake and retention of lean body mass in a rat model of cancer cachexia. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3004-3012.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 3004-3012
    • Deboer, M.D.1    Zhu, X.X.2    Levasseur, P.3
  • 28
    • 80053161094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of growth hormone versus insulin-like growth factor-I on the mouse plasma proteome
    • Ding J, List EO, Bower BD, Kopchick JJ. Differential effects of growth hormone versus insulin-like growth factor-I on the mouse plasma proteome. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3791-3802.
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 3791-3802
    • Ding, J.1    List, E.O.2    Bower, B.D.3    Kopchick, J.J.4
  • 29
    • 65249171425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects
    • Moller N, Jorgensen JO. Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects. Endocr Rev 2009; 30:152-177.
    • (2009) Endocr Rev , vol.30 , pp. 152-177
    • Moller, N.1    Jorgensen, J.O.2
  • 30
    • 44349083554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-I
    • Velloso CP. Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-I. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:557-568.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.154 , pp. 557-568
    • Velloso, C.P.1
  • 31
    • 67349182900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic hormonal effects of anamorelin, a novel oral ghrelin mimetic and growth hormone secretagogue in healthy volunteers
    • Garcia JM, Polvino WJ. Pharmacodynamic hormonal effects of anamorelin, a novel oral ghrelin mimetic and growth hormone secretagogue in healthy volunteers. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009; 19:267-273.
    • (2009) Growth Horm IGF Res , vol.19 , pp. 267-273
    • Garcia, J.M.1    Polvino, W.J.2
  • 32
    • 2342465508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, safety, and endocrine and appetite effects of ghrelin administration in young healthy subjects
    • Akamizu T, Takaya K, Irako T, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and endocrine and appetite effects of ghrelin administration in young healthy subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 150:447-455.
    • (2004) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.150 , pp. 447-455
    • Akamizu, T.1    Takaya, K.2    Irako, T.3
  • 33
    • 39049085337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of ghrelin administration on glucose and lipid metabolism
    • Vestergaard ET, Djurhuus CB, Gjedsted J, et al. Acute effects of ghrelin administration on glucose and lipid metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:438-444.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 438-444
    • Vestergaard, E.T.1    Djurhuus, C.B.2    Gjedsted, J.3
  • 34
    • 0031791250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MK-0677, an orally active growth hormone secretagogue reverses diet-induced catabolism
    • Murphy MG, Plunkett LM, Gertz BJ, et al. MK-0677, an orally active growth hormone secretagogue reverses diet-induced catabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:320-325.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 320-325
    • Murphy, M.G.1    Plunkett, L.M.2    Gertz, B.J.3
  • 35
    • 55749097801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition and clinical outcomes in healthy older adults: A randomized trial
    • Nass R, Pezzoli SS, Oliveri MC, et al. Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition and clinical outcomes in healthy older adults: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149:601-611.
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 601-611
    • Nass, R.1    Pezzoli, S.S.2    Oliveri, M.C.3
  • 36
    • 65249108287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an oral growth hormone secretagogue in older adults
    • White HK, Petrie CD, Landschulz W, et al. Effects of an oral growth hormone secretagogue in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1198-1206.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 1198-1206
    • White, H.K.1    Petrie, C.D.2    Landschulz, W.3
  • 37
    • 35549012275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on body weight and safety of RC-1291, a novel, orally available ghrelin mimetic and growth hormone secretagogue: Results of a phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in healthy volunteers
    • Garcia JM, Polvino WJ. Effect on body weight and safety of RC-1291, a novel, orally available ghrelin mimetic and growth hormone secretagogue: results of a phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in healthy volunteers. Oncologist 2007; 12:594-600.
    • (2007) Oncologist , vol.12 , pp. 594-600
    • Garcia, J.M.1    Polvino, W.J.2
  • 38
    • 0036733916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EP1572: A novel peptido-mimetic GH secretagogue with potent and selective GH-releasing activity in man
    • Broglio F, Boutignon F, Benso A, et al. EP1572: a novel peptido-mimetic GH secretagogue with potent and selective GH-releasing activity in man. J Endocrinol Invest 2002; 25:RC26-RC28.
    • (2002) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.25
    • Broglio, F.1    Boutignon, F.2    Benso, A.3
  • 39
    • 34249858157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of an oral ghrelin agonist in healthy subjects
    • Piccoli F, Degen L, MacLean C, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of an oral ghrelin agonist in healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1814-1820.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 1814-1820
    • Piccoli, F.1    Degen, L.2    MacLean, C.3
  • 40
    • 2942670638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin increases energy intake in cancer patients with impaired appetite: Acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Neary NM, Small CJ, Wren AM, et al. Ghrelin increases energy intake in cancer patients with impaired appetite: acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:2832-2836.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 2832-2836
    • Neary, N.M.1    Small, C.J.2    Wren, A.M.3
  • 41
    • 38549158121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ghrelin for cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-crossover study
    • Strasser F, Lutz TA, Maeder MT, et al. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ghrelin for cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-crossover study. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:300-308.
    • (2008) Br J Cancer , vol.98 , pp. 300-308
    • Strasser, F.1    Lutz, T.A.2    Maeder, M.T.3
  • 42
    • 77951000967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects by daily long term provision of ghrelin to unselected weight-losing cancer patients: A randomized doubleblind study
    • Lundholm K, Gunnebo L, Korner U, et al. Effects by daily long term provision of ghrelin to unselected weight-losing cancer patients: a randomized doubleblind study. Cancer 2010; 116:2044-2052.
    • (2010) Cancer , vol.116 , pp. 2044-2052
    • Lundholm, K.1    Gunnebo, L.2    Korner, U.3
  • 43
    • 84874083358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of anamorelin, a novel, oral ghrelin mimetic, in patients with cancer-related cachexia: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover, pilot study
    • Garcia JM, Friend J, Allen S. Therapeutic potential of anamorelin, a novel, oral ghrelin mimetic, in patients with cancer-related cachexia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover, pilot study. Support Care Cancer 2013; 21:129-137.
    • (2013) Support Care Cancer , vol.21 , pp. 129-137
    • Garcia, J.M.1    Friend, J.2    Allen, S.3
  • 44
    • 0034036958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific binding sites for synthetic growth hormone secretagogues in nontumoral and neoplastic human thyroid tissue
    • Cassoni P, Papotti M, Catapano F, et al. Specific binding sites for synthetic growth hormone secretagogues in nontumoral and neoplastic human thyroid tissue. J Endocrinol 2000; 165:139-146.
    • (2000) J Endocrinol , vol.165 , pp. 139-146
    • Cassoni, P.1    Papotti, M.2    Catapano, F.3
  • 45
    • 17744396454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification, characterization, and biological activity of specific receptors for natural (ghrelin) and synthetic growth hormone secretagogues and analogs in human breast carcinomas and cell lines
    • Cassoni P, Papotti M, Ghe C, et al. Identification, characterization, and biological activity of specific receptors for natural (ghrelin) and synthetic growth hormone secretagogues and analogs in human breast carcinomas and cell lines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1738-1745.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 1738-1745
    • Cassoni, P.1    Papotti, M.2    Ghe, C.3
  • 46
    • 0037423693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticachectic effect of ghrelin in nude mice bearing human melanoma cells
    • Hanada T, Toshinai K, Kajimura N, et al. Anticachectic effect of ghrelin in nude mice bearing human melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 301:275-279.
    • (2003) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.301 , pp. 275-279
    • Hanada, T.1    Toshinai, K.2    Kajimura, N.3
  • 47
    • 33747133749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ghrelin on anorexia in tumorbearing mice with eicosanoid-related cachexia
    • Wang W, Andersson M, Iresjo BM, et al. Effects of ghrelin on anorexia in tumorbearing mice with eicosanoid-related cachexia. Int J Oncol 2006; 28:1393-1400.
    • (2006) Int J Oncol , vol.28 , pp. 1393-1400
    • Wang, W.1    Andersson, M.2    Iresjo, B.M.3
  • 48
    • 77950458425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The traditional Japanese medicine Rikkunshito increases the plasma level of ghrelin in humans and mice
    • Matsumura T, Arai M, Yonemitsu Y, et al. The traditional Japanese medicine Rikkunshito increases the plasma level of ghrelin in humans and mice. J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:300-307.
    • (2010) J Gastroenterol , vol.45 , pp. 300-307
    • Matsumura, T.1    Arai, M.2    Yonemitsu, Y.3
  • 49
    • 84866240704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rikkunshito as a ghrelin enhancer
    • Takeda H, Muto S, Nakagawa K, et al. Rikkunshito as a ghrelin enhancer. Methods Enzymol 2012; 514:333-351.
    • (2012) Methods Enzymol , vol.514 , pp. 333-351
    • Takeda, H.1    Muto, S.2    Nakagawa, K.3
  • 50
    • 79960751196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of ghrelin signaling attenuates cancer anorexia-cachexia and prolongs survival
    • Fujitsuka N, Asakawa A, Uezono Y, et al. Potentiation of ghrelin signaling attenuates cancer anorexia-cachexia and prolongs survival. Translat Psychiatr 2011; 1:e23.
    • (2011) Translat Psychiatr , vol.1
    • Fujitsuka, N.1    Asakawa, A.2    Uezono, Y.3
  • 51
    • 84887885520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dln101 a naturally occurring ghrelin splice variant for the treatment of cachexia
    • Milan, Italy
    • Mintz L. Dln101 a naturally occurring ghrelin splice variant for the treatment of cachexia. Abstract presented at the 7th Cachexia Conference, Milan, Italy; 2011.
    • (2011) Abstract Presented at the 7th Cachexia Conference
    • Mintz, L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.