Raman fingerprint of aligned graphene/h-BN superlattices

Nano Letters

Volumn 13, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 5242-5246

  Eckmann, Axel ^a   Park, Jaesung ^a   Yang, Huafeng ^a   Elias, Daniel ^a   Mayorov, Alexander S ^a   Yu, Geliang ^a   Jalil, Rashid ^a   Novoselov, Kostya S ^a   Gorbachev, Roman V ^a   Lazzeri, Michele ^b   Geim, Andre K ^a   Casiraghi, Cinzia ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE   (France)

^c FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

boron nitride; Graphene; Raman spectroscopy; superlattice

Indexed keywords

DIRAC POINT; ELECTRONIC SPECTRUM; GRAPHENE SUPERLATTICES; MISALIGNMENT ANGLES; RAMAN PEAK; STRAIN DISTRIBUTIONS;

ALIGNMENT; BORON NITRIDE; GRAPHENE; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY;

SUPERLATTICES;

EID: 84887845069     PISSN: 15306984     EISSN: 15306992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nl402679b     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Kittel, C. In Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8 th ed.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 2004.
2. Wallbank, J. R.; Patel, A. A.; Mucha-Kruczynski, M.; Geim, A. K.; Fal'ko, V. I. Generic Miniband Structure of Graphene on a Hexagonal Substrate Phys. Rev. 2013, B87, 245408
3. Park, C.-H.; Yang, L.; Son, Y.-W.; Cohen, M.; Louie, S. Anisotropic behaviours of massless Dirac fermions in graphene under periodic potentials Nature 2008, 4, 213
4. Park, C.-H.; Yang, L.; Son, Y.-W.; Cohen, M.; Louie, S. New generation of massless Dirac fermions in graphene under external periodic potentials Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 14
5. Brey, L.; Feritg, H. A. Emerging Zero Modes for Graphene in a Periodic Potential Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 103, 046809
6. Yankowitz, M.; Xue, J.; Cormode, D.; Sanchez-Yamagishi, J. D.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Jarillo-Herrero, P.; Jacquod, P.; LeRoy, B. J. Emergence of superlattice Dirac points in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride Nat. Phys. 2012, 8, 382
7. Ponomarenko, L. A.; Gorbachev, R. V.; Elias, D. C.; Yu, G. L.; Mayorov, A. S.; Wallbank, J.; Mucha-Kruczynski, M.; Patel, A.; Piot, B. A.; Potemski, M.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Novoselov, K. S.; Guinea, F.; Fal'ko, V. I.; Geim, A. K. Cloning of Dirac fermions in graphene superlattices Nature 2013, 497, 594
8. Tsu, R. In Superlattice to Nanoelectronics, 2 nd ed.; Elsevier Insights: New York, 2010.
9. Casiraghi, C. Raman spectroscopy of graphene, in Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds: Techniques, Materials and Applications; Yarwood, J.; Douthwaite, R.; Duckett, S., Eds.; The Royal Society of Chemistry: London, 2012; Vol. 43, pp 29-56.
10. Pocharal, P.; Ayari, A.; Michel, T.; Sauvajol, J. Raman spectra of misoriented bilayer graphene Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78, 113407
11. Ni, Z.; Wang, Y.; Yu, T.; You, Y.; Shen, Z. Reduction of Fermi velocity in folded graphene observed by resonance Raman spectroscopy Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77, 235403
12. Ni, Z.; Liu, L.; Wang, Y.; Shen, Z.; Li, L.-J.; Yu, T.; Shen, Z. G-band Raman double resonance in twisted bilayer graphene: Evidence of band splitting and folding Phys. Rev. B 2009, 80, 125404
13. Gupta, A. K.; Tang, Y.; Crespi, V. H.; Eklund, P. C. Nondispersive Raman D band activated by well-ordered interlayer interactions in rotationally stacked bilayer graphene Phys. Rev. B 2010, 82, 241406(R)
14. Carozo, V.; Almeida, C. M.; Ferreira, E. H. M.; Canado, L. G.; Achete, C. A.; Jorio, A. Raman Signature of Graphene Superlattices Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4527
15. Campos-Delgado, J.; Cancado, L. G.; Achete, A. A.; Jorio, A.; Raskin, J.-P. Raman scattering studiy of the phonon dispersion in twisted bi-layer graphene Nano Res. 2013, 6, 269
16. Kim, K.; Coh, S.; Tan, L. Z.; Regan, W.; Min Yuk, J.; Chatterjee, E.; Crommie, M. F.; Cohen, M. L.; Louie, S. G.; Zettl, A. Raman Spectroscopy Study of Rotated Double-Layer Graphene: Misorientation-Angle Dependence of Electronic Structure Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 246103
17. Havener, R. W.; Zhuang, H.; Brown, L.; Hennig, R. G.; Park, J. Angle-Resolved Raman Imaging of Interlayer Rotations and Interactions in Twisted Bilayer Graphene Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 3162
18. Righi, A.; Costa, S. D.; Chacham, H.; Fantini, C.; Venezuela, P.; Magnuson, C.; Colombo, L.; Bacsa, W. S.; Ruoff, R. S.; Pimenta, M. A. Graphene Moiré patterns observed by umklapp double-resonance Raman scattering Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84, 241409
19. Carozo, V.; Almeida, C. M.; Fragneaud, B.; Bede, P. M.; Moutinho, M. V. O.; Ribeiro-Soares, J.; Andrade, N. F.; Souza Filho, A. G.; Matos, M. J. S.; Wang, B.; Terrones, M.; Rodrigo B. Capaz, A.; Jorio, C. A.; Achete; Cancado, L. G. Resonance effects on the Raman spectra of graphene superlattices Phys. Rev. B 2013, 88, 085401
20. Moldt, T.; Eckmann, A.; Klar, P.; Morozov, S. V; Zhukov, A. A.; Novoselov, K. S.; Casiraghi, C. High Yield Production and Transfer of Graphene Flakes Obtained by Anodic Bonding ACS Nano 2011, 5, 7700
21. Forster, F.; Molina-Sanchez, A.; Engels, A.; Epping, S.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Wirtz, L.; Stampfer, C. Phys. Rev. B 2013, 88, 085419
22. Berciaud, S.; Ryu, S.; Brus, L. E.; Heinz, T. F. Probing the Intrinsic Properties of Exfoliated Graphene: Raman Spectroscopy of Free-Standing Monolayers Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 346
23. Venezuela, P.; Lazzeri, M.; Mauri, F. Theory of double-resonant Raman spectra in graphene: Intensity and line shape of defect-induced and two-phonon bands Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84, 035433
24. Ferrari, A. C.; Meyer, J. C.; Scardaci, V.; Casiraghi, C.; Lazzeri, M.; Mauri, F.; Piscanec, S.; Jiang, D.; Novoselov, K. S.; Roth, S.; Geim, A. K. Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 187401
25. Eckmann, A.; Felten, A.; Mishchenko, A.; Britnell, L.; Krupke, R.; Novoselov, K. S.; Casiraghi, C. Probing the Nature of Defects in Graphene by Raman Spectroscopy Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 3925
26. Eckmann, A.; Felten, A.; Verzhibitskiy, I.; Davey, R.; Casiraghi, C. Raman study on defective graphene: Effect of the excitation energy, type, and amount of defects Phys. Rev. B 2013, 88, 035426
27. Ferreira, E. H. M.; Moutinho, M. V. O.; Stavale, F.; Lucchese, M. M.; Capaz, R. B.; Achete, C. A.; Jorio, A. Evolution of the Raman spectra from single-, few-, and many-layer graphene with increasing disorder Phys. Rev. B 2010, 82, 125429
28. Cancado, L. G.; Jorio, A.; Martins Ferreira, E. H.; Stavale, F.; Achete, C. A.; Capaz, R. B.; Moutinho, M. V. O.; Lombardo, A.; Kulmala, T. S.; Ferrari, A. C. Quantifying Defects in Graphene via Raman Spectroscopy at Different Excitation Energies Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 3190
29. Dean, C. R.; Young, A. F.; Meric, I.; Lee, C.; Wang, L.; Sorgenfrei, S.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Kim, P.; Shepard, K. L.; Hone, J. Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 5, 5722