Effect of ZnO seed layer thickness on hierarchical ZnO nanorod growth on flexible substrates for application in dye-sensitised solar cells

Journal of Nanoparticle Research

Volumn 15, Issue 12, 2013, Pages

  Nirmal Peiris, T A ^a   Alessa, Hussain ^a   Sagu, Jagdeep S ^a   Ahmad Bhatti, Ijaz ^b   Isherwood, Patrick ^a   Upul Wijayantha, K G ^a  

^a LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

DSSC; Energy conversion; Flexible transparent conducting substrate; Portable electronics; Portable energy harvesting; Seed layer; ZnO nanorods

Indexed keywords

ENERGY CONVERSION; ENERGY HARVESTING; FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS; II-VI SEMICONDUCTORS; NANORODS; SUBSTRATES; ZINC OXIDE;

CONDUCTING SUBSTRATES; DSSC; PORTABLE ELECTRONICS; SEED LAYER; ZNO NANOROD;

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS;

DYE; NANOROD; ZINC OXIDE;

ARTICLE; CELLS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENSITY; DYE SENSITISED SOLAR CELL; ELECTRODE; ELECTRON; FILM; PHOTON; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCIBILITY; THICKNESS;

EID: 84887526387     PISSN: 13880764     EISSN: 1572896X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-2115-2     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Ahmad Bhatti I, Nirmal Peiris TA, Smith TD, Upul Wijayantha KG (2012) Hierarchical ZnO nanorod electrodes: effect of post annealing on structural and photoelectrochemical performance. Mater Lett 93:333-336
2. Ahn H, Park J, Kim S, Jee SH, Yoon YS, Kim D (2010) Vertically aligned ZnO nanorod sensor on flexible substrate for ethanol gas monitoring. Electrochem Solid State 13:J125-J128
3. Arnold MS, Avouris P, Pan ZW, Wang ZL (2003) Field-effect transistors based on single semiconducting oxide nanobelts. J Phys Chem B 107:659-663
4. Bai X, Wang EG, Gao P, Wang ZL (2003) Measuring the work function at a nanobelt tip and at a nanoparticle surface. Nano Lett 3:1147-1150
5. Chang P, Fan Z, Wang D, Tseng W, Chiou W, Hong J, Lu JG (2004) ZnO nanowires synthesized by vapor trapping CVD method. Chem Mater 16:5133-5137
6. Chen T, Young S, Chang S, Hsiao C (2011) Photoconductive gain of vertical ZnO nanorods on flexible polyimide substrate by low-temperature process. IEEE Sens J 11:3457-3461
7. Chu S, Li D, Chang P, Lu JG (2011) Flexible dye-sensitized solar cell based on vertical ZnO nanowire arrays. Nanoscale Res Lett 6:38
8. Gonzalez-Valls I, Lira-Cantu M (2009) Vertically-aligned nanostructures of ZnO for excitonic solar cells: a review. Energy Environ Sci 2:19-34
9. Hine P, Astruc A, Ward I (2004) Hot compaction of polyethylene naphthalate. J Appl Polym Sci 93:796-802
10. Hsieh C, Lin J, Yang S (2010) Low temperature growth of ZnO nanorods on flexible polymeric substrates. Physica E 42:2319-2323
11. Huang MH, Mao S, Feick H, Yan H, Wu Y, Kind H, Weber E, Russo R, Yang P (2001) Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers. Science 292:1897-1899
12. 2 blocking layer on efficiency improvement of dye-sensitized solar cell. Korean J Chem Eng 29:356-361
13. Jo S, Lao J, Ren Z, Farrer R, Baldacchini T, Fourkas J (2003) Field-emission studies on thin films of zinc oxide nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 83:4821-4823
14. Joseph DP, Saravanan M, Muthuraaman B, Renugambal P, Sambasivam S, Raja SP, Maruthamuthu P, Venkateswaran C (2008) Spray deposition and characterization of nanostructured Li doped NiO thin films for application in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nanotechnology 19:485707
15. Keem K, Kim H, Kim G, Lee JS, Min B, Cho K, Sung M, Kim S (2004) Photocurrent in ZnO nanowires grown from Au electrodes. Appl Phys Lett 84:4376-4378
16. Keis K, Lindgren J, Lindquist S, Hagfeldt A (2000) Studies of the adsorption process of Ru complexes in nanoporous ZnO electrodes. Langmuir 16:4688-4694
17. Keis K, Bauer C, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Westermark K, Rensmo H, Siegbahn H (2002) Nanostructured ZnO electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. J Photochem Photobiol A 148:57-64
18. Kovendhan M, Joseph DP, Manimuthu P, Ganesan S, Sambasivam S, Maruthamuthu P, Suthanthiraraj SA, Venkateswaran C, Mohan R (2011) Spray deposited Nb2O5 thin film electrodes for fabrication of dye sensitized solar cells. Trans Indian Inst Metals 64:185-188
19. Krupenkin T, Taylor JA (2011) Reverse electrowetting as a new approach to high-power energy harvesting. Nat Commun 2:448
20. Li C, Fang G, Li J, Ai L, Dong B, Zhao X (2008) Effect of seed layer on structural properties of ZnO nanorod arrays grown by vapor-phase transport. J Phys Chem C 112:990-995
21. Li W, Yin P, Guo L (2011) Soft template synthesis of ZnO nanorods and their optical properties. Res Chem Intermediat 37:125-130
22. Liao L, Lu H, Li J, He H, Wang D, Fu D, Liu C, Zhang W (2007) Size dependence of gas sensitivity of ZnO nanorods. J Phys Chem C 111:1900-1903
23. Liu C, Yiu W, Au F, Ding J, Lee C, Lee S (2003a) Electrical properties of zinc oxide nanowires and intramolecular p-n junctions. Appl Phys Lett 83:3168-3170
24. Liu C, Zapien JA, Yao Y, Meng X, Lee CS, Fan S, Lifshitz Y, Lee ST (2003b) High-density, ordered ultraviolet light-emitting ZnO nanowire arrays. Adv Mater 15:838-841
25. Liu X, Luo Y, Li H, Fan Y, Yu Z, Lin Y, Chen L, Meng Q (2007) Room temperature fabrication of porous ZnO photoelectrodes for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun 19:2847-2849
26. 2 electrode. J Phys Chem C 116:1211-1218
27. Oekermann T, Yoshida T, Minoura H, Wijayantha KGU, Peter LM (2004) Electron transport and back reaction in electrochemically self-assembled nanoporous ZnO/dye hybrid films. J Phys Chem B 108:8364-8370
28. Ong W, Low Q, Huang W, Van Kan J, Ho G (2012) Patterned growth of vertically-aligned ZnO nanorods on a flexible platform for feasible transparent and conformable electronics applications. J Mater Chem 22:8518-8524
29. Park W, Yi G, Kim J, Park S (2003) Schottky nanocontacts on ZnO nanorod arrays. Appl Phys Lett 82:4358-4360
30. Park T, Park C, Kim B, Shin H, Kim E (2013) Flexible PEDOT electrodes with large thermoelectric power factors to generate electricity by the touch of fingertips. Energy Environ Sci 6:788-792
31. 2 electrodes for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells: influence of mechanical compression. J Phys Chem C 116:19053-19061
32. Song J, Lim S (2007) Effect of seed layer on the growth of ZnO nanorods. J Phys Chem C 111:596-600
33. Tahir AA, Smith TD, Upul Wijayantha KG (2011) Effects of AACVD and electrodeposited ZnO seed layer on the growth and alignment of ZnO nanorods by chemical bath deposition. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett 3:674-678
34. Tennakone K, Kumara GRRA, Wijayantha KGU (1996) The suppression of the recombination of photogenerated carriers in a dye-sensitized nano-porous solid-state photovoltaic cell. Semicond Sci Technol 11:1737-1739
35. Tennakone K, Kumara GRRA, Wijayantha KGU, Kottegoda IRM, Perera VPS, Aponsu GMLP (1997) A nanoporous solid-state photovoltaic cell sensitized with copper chlorophyllin. J Photochem Photobiol A 108:175-177
36. Tong F, Kim K, Wang Y, Thapa R, Sharma Y, Modic A, Claude Ahyi A, Issacs-Smith T, Williams J, Ahn H (2012) Growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on flexible substrates: effect of precursor solution concentration. ISRN Nanomater 2012:1-7
37. Van der Vegt A, Govaert L (2003) Polymeren: van keten tot kunststof. DUP Blue Print
38. 2 blocking layers prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. J Electroanal Chem 637:79-83
39. Wan Q, Li Q, Chen Y, Wang T, He X, Li J, Lin C (2004) Fabrication and ethanol sensing characteristics of ZnO nanowire gas sensors. Appl Phys Lett 84:3654-3656
40. Wang X, Wang X, Summers CJ, Wang ZL (2004) Large-scale hexagonal-patterned growth of aligned ZnO nanorods for nano-optoelectronics and nanosensor arrays. Nano Lett 4:423-426
41. Wen X, Wu W, Ding Y, Wang ZL (2013) Piezotronic effect in flexible thin-film based devices. Adv Mater 25:3371-3379
42. Yi G, Wang C, Park WI (2005) ZnO nanorods: synthesis, characterization and applications. Semicond Sci Technol 20:S22-S34
43. Yi S, Choi S, Jang J, Kim J, Jung W (2007) Low-temperature growth of ZnO nanorods by chemical bath deposition. J Colloid Interface Sci 313:705-710
44. Zhang S, Shen Y, Fang H, Xu S, Song J, Wang ZL (2010) Growth and replication of ordered ZnO nanowire arrays on general flexible substrates. J Mater Chem 20:10606-10610