Acute kidney injury in acute liver failure: A review

Expert Review of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Volumn 7, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 701-712

  Moore, Joanna K ^a   Love, Eleanor ^a   Craig, Darren G ^b   Hayes, Peter C ^c   Simpson, Kenneth J ^c  

^a ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

acute kidney injury; acute liver failure; renal biomarkers

Indexed keywords

CYSTATIN C; ENDOTHELIN; ERYTHROPOIETIN; FENOLDOPAM; INTERLEUKIN 8; KIDNEY INJURY MOLECULE 1; N ACETYL BETA GLUCOSAMINIDASE; NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ACUTE LIVER FAILURE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; DIALYSIS; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG EFFICACY; ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE; FLUID THERAPY; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; REVIEW; SUPPORT GROUP; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; HUMANS; KIDNEY; LIVER FAILURE, ACUTE; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84887372667     PISSN: 17474124     EISSN: 17474132     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2013.837264     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Lee WM, Squires RH Jr, Nyberg SL, Doo E, Hoofnagle JH. Acute liver failure: Summary of a workshop. Hepatology 47(4), 1401-1415 (2008).
2. Bernal W, Auzinger G, Dhawan A, Wendon J. Acute liver failure. Lancet 376(9736), 190-201 (2010).
3. Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV et al. Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann. Inter. Med. 137(12), 947-954 (2002).
4. Craig DG, Lee A, Hayes PC, Simpson KJ. Review article: The current management of acute liver failure. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 31(3), 345-358 (2010).
5. Laleman W, Verbeke L, Meersseman P et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Current concepts on definition, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and potential therapeutic interventions. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 5(4), 523-537 (2011).
6. Lisman T, Caldwell SH, Burroughs AK et al. Hemostasis and thrombosis in patients with liver disease: The ups and downs. J. Hepatol. 53(2), 362-371 (2010).
7. American College of Chest Physicians/ Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 20(6), 864-874 (1992).
8. Lee A. AASLD practice guidelines: Acute Liver Failure. AASLD practice guidelines: Acute Liver Failure 2011.).
9. Awad SS, Swaniker F, Bartlett RH. Preliminary results of a phase I trial evaluating an extracorporeal hepatic support device utilizing albumin dialysis. Z. Gastroenterol. 39(Suppl. 2), 22-23 (2001).
10. Betrosian AP, Agarwal B, Douzinas EE. Acute renal dysfunction in liver diseases. World J. Gastroenterol. 13(42), 5552-5559 (2007).
11. O'Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM, Williams R. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 97(2), 439-445 (1989).
12. O'Riordan A, Brummell Z, Sizer E et al. Acute kidney injury in patients admitted to a liver intensive therapy unit with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 26(11), 3501-3508 (2011).
13. Leithead JA, Ferguson JW, Bates CM et al. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome is predictive of renal dysfunction in patients with non-paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Gut 58(3), 443-449 (2009).
14. Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV et al. Acute Kidney Injury Network: Report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit. Care 11(2), R31 (2007).
15. Wong F, Nadim MK, Kellum JA et al. Working party proposal for a revised classification system of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Gut 60(5), 702-709 (2011).
16. Fagundes C, Barreto R, Guevara M et al. A modified acute kidney injury classification for diagnosis and risk stratification of impairment of kidney function in cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 59(3), 474-481 (2013).
17. Yong K, Dogra G, Boudville N, Pinder M, Lim W. Acute kidney injury: Controversies revisited. Int. J. Nephrol. 2011, 762634 (2011).
18. Brochard L, Abroug F, Brenner M et al. An official ATS/ERS/ESICM/SCCM/ SRLF statement: Prevention and management of Acute Renal Failure in the ICU patient: An international consensus conference in intensive care medicine. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 181(10), 1128-1155 (2010).
19. Moore K. Renal failure in acute liver failure. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11(9), 967-975 (1999).
20. Martin-Llahi M, Guevara M, Torre A et al. Prognostic importance of the cause of renal failure in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 140(2), 488-496 e484 (2011).
21. Mucino-Bermejo J, Carrillo-Esper R, Uribe M, Mendez-Sanchez N. Acute kidney injury in critically ill cirrhotic patients: A review. Ann. Hepatol. 11(3), 301-310 (2012).
22. Mayeux PR, Macmillan-Crow LA. Pharmacological targets in the renal peritubular microenvironment: Implications for therapy for sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Pharmacol. Ther. 134(2), 139-155 (2012).
23. Seeliger E, Sendeski M, Rihal CS, Persson PB. Contrast-induced kidney injury: Mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention. Eur. Heart J. 33(16), 2007-2015 (2012).
24. Urbschat A, Obermuller N, Haferkamp A. Biomarkers of kidney injury. Biomarkers 16 (Suppl. 1), S22-S30 (2011).
25. Ytrebo LM, Sen S, Rose C et al. Systemic and regional hemodynamics in pigs with acute liver failure and the effect of albumin dialysis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 41(11), 1350-1360 (2006).
26. Anand R, Harry D, Holt S et al. Endothelin is an important determinant of renal function in a rat model of acute liver and renal failure. Gut 50(1), 111-117 (2002).
27. Weigand K, Riediger C, Stremmel W, Flechtenmacher C, Encke J. Are heat stroke and physical exhaustion underestimated causes of acute hepatic failure' World J. Gastroenterol. 13(2), 306-309 (2007).
28. Mazer M, Perrone J. Acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity: Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. J. Med. Toxicol. 4(1), 2-6 (2008).
29. Lorz C, Justo P, Sanz AB, Egido J, Ortiz A. Role of Bcl-xL in paracetamol-induced tubular epithelial cell death. Kidney Int. 67(2), 592-601 (2005).
30. Linkermann A, De Zen F, Weinberg J, Kunzendorf U, Krautwald S. Programmed necrosis in acute kidney injury. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 27(9), 3412-3419 (2012).
31. Kaushal GP. Autophagy protects proximal tubular cells from injury and apoptosis. Kidney Int. 82(12), 1250-1253 (2012).
32. An J, Mehrhof F, Harms C et al. ARC is a novel therapeutic approach against acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular necrosis. J. Hepatol. 58(2), 297-305 (2013).
33. Antoniades CG, Berry PA, Davies ET et al. Reduced monocyte HLA-DR expression: A novel biomarker of disease severity and outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Hepatology 44(1), 34-43 (2006).
34. Craig DG, Ford AC, Hayes PC, Simpson KJ. Systematic review: Prognostic tests of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 31(10), 1064-1076 (2010).
35. Rosin DL, Okusa MD. Dangers within: DAMP responses to damage and cell death in kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 22(3), 416-425 (2011).
36. Dear JW, Simpson KJ, Nicolai MP et al. Cyclophilin A is a damage-Associated molecular pattern molecule that mediates acetaminophen-induced liver injury. J. Immunol. 187(6), 3347-3352 (2011).
37. Craig DG, Lee P, Pryde EA, Masterton GS, Hayes PC, Simpson KJ. Circulating apoptotic and necrotic cell death markers in patients with acute liver injury. Liver Int. 31(8), 1127-1136 (2011).
38. Antoine DJ, Jenkins RE, Dear JW et al. Molecular forms of HMGB1 and keratin-18 as mechanistic biomarkers for mode of cell death and prognosis during clinical acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. J. Hepatol. 56(5), 1070-1079 (2012).
39. Shah N, De Oca MM, Jover-Cobos M et al . Role of toll-like receptor-4 in mediating multi-organ dysfunction in acetaminophen induced acute liver failure in mice. Liver Transpl. 19(7), 751-761 (2013).
40. Hoet P, Haufroid V, Deumer G, Dumont X, Lison D, Hantson P. Acute kidney injury following acute liver failure: Potential role of systemic cadmium mobilization' Intensive Care Med. 38(3), 467-473 (2012).
41. Yap SC, Lee HT. Acute kidney injury and extrarenal organ dysfunction: New concepts and experimental evidence. Anesthesiology 116(5), 1139-1148 (2012).
42. Lane K, Dixon JJ, Macphee IA, Philips BJ. Renohepatic crosstalk: Does acute kidney injury cause liver dysfunction' Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 28(7), 1634-1647 (2013).
43. Singh S, Hynan LS, Lee WM. Improvements in hepatic serological biomarkers are associated with clinical benefit of intravenous N-Acetylcysteine in early stage non-Acetaminophen acute liver failure. Dig. Dis. Sci. 58(5), 1397-1402 (2013).
44. Olde Damink SW, Jalan R, Dejong CH. Interorgan ammonia trafficking in liver disease. Metab. Brain Dis. 24(1), 169-181 (2009).
45. Rama Rao KV, Jayakumar AR, Tong X, Curtis KM, Norenberg MD. Brain aquaporin-4 in experimental acute liver failure. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 69(9), 869-879 (2010).
46. Plauth M, Cabre E, Campillo B et al. ESPEN Guidelines on parenteral nutrition: Hepatology. Clin. Nutr. 28(4), 436-444 (2009).
47. Perazella MA, Coca SG. Three feasible strategies to minimize kidney injury in 'incipient AKI'. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 9(8), 484-490 (2013).
48. Murphy N, Auzinger G, Bernel W, Wendon J. The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure. Hepatology 39(2), 464-470 (2004).
49. Zacharias M, Conlon NP, Herbison GP, Sivalingam P, Walker RJ, Hovhannisyan K. Interventions for protecting renal function in the perioperative period. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev (4), CD003590 (2008).
50. Gordon AC, Russell JA, Walley KR et al. The effects of vasopressin on acute kidney injury in septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 36(1), 83-91 (2010).
51. Perel P, Roberts I, Ker K. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev 2, CD000567 (2013).
52. Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Ronco C. Acute kidney injury. Lancet 380(9843), 756-766 (2012).
53. Davenport A, Will EJ, Davison AM. Effect of renal replacement therapy on patients with combined acute renal and fulminant hepatic failure. Kidney Int. Suppl. 41, S245-S251 (1993).
54. Davenport A, Bouman C, Kirpalani A et al. Delivery of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: What are the key issues' Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 3(3), 869-875 (2008).
55. Davenport A. Is there a role for continuous renal replacement therapies in patients with liver and renal failure' Kidney Int. Suppl. (72), S62-S66 (1999).
56. Wu VC, Ko WJ, Chang HW et al. Early renal replacement therapy in patients with postoperative acute liver failure associated with acute renal failure: Effect on postoperative outcomes. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 205(2), 266-276 (2007).
57. Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Angus DC, Palevsky P, Ronco C. The first international consensus conference on continuous renal replacement therapy. Kidney Int. 62(5), 1855-1863 (2002).
58. Network VNaRFT, Palevsky PM, Zhang JH et al. Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. N. Engl. J. Med. 359(1), 7-20 (2008).
59. Kellum JA, Ronco C. Dialysis: Results of RENAL-what is the optimal CRRT target dose' Nature reviews. Nephrology 6(4), 191-192 (2010).
60. Honore PM, Jacobs R, Boer W et al. New insights regarding rationale, therapeutic target and dose of hemofiltration and hybrid therapies in septic acute kidney injury. Blood Purif. 33(1-3), 44-51 (2012).
61. Stenbog P, Busk T, Larsen FS. Efficacy of liver assisting in patients with hepatic encephalopathy with special focus on plasma exchange. Metab. Brain Dis. 28(2), 333-335 (2013).
62. Banares R, Nevens F, Larsen FS et al. Extracorporeal albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system in acute-on-chronic liver failure: The RELIEF trial. Hepatology 57(3), 1153-1162 (2013).
63. Stange J, Hassanein TI, Mehta R, Mitzner SR, Bartlett RH. The molecular adsorbents recycling system as a liver support system based on albumin dialysis: A summary of preclinical investigations, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, and clinical experience from 19 centers. Artif. Organs 26(2), 103-110 (2002).
64. Saliba F, Camus C, Durand F et al. Randomised controlled multicentre trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of albumin dialysis with MARS in patients with fulminant and subfulminant hepatic failure. Presented at: The 59th Annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. CA, USA, 31 October-4 November 2008.).
65. Cerda J, Tolwani A, Gibney N, Tiranathanagul K. Renal replacement therapy in special settings: Extracorporeal support devices in liver failure. Semin. Dial. 24(2), 197-202 (2011).
66. Rifai K, Ernst T, Kretschmer U et al. The Prometheus device for extracorporeal support of combined liver and renal failure. Blood Purif. 23(4), 298-302 (2005).
67. Pickkers P, Heemskerk S, Schouten J et al. Alkaline phosphatase for treatment of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: A prospective randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Crit. Care 16(1), R14 (2012).
68. Leithead JA, Ferguson JW, Bates CM, Davidson JS, Simpson KJ, Hayes PC. Chronic kidney disease after liver transplantation for acute liver failure is not associated with perioperative renal dysfunction. Am. J. Transplant. 11(9), 1905-1915 (2011).
69. Barshes NR, Lee TC, Balkrishnan R, Karpen SJ, Carter BA, Goss JA. Risk stratification of adult patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. Transplantation 81(2), 195-201 (2006).
70. Pakravan N, Simpson KJ, Waring WS, Bates CM, Bateman DN. Renal injury at first presentation as a predictor for poor outcome in severe paracetamol poisoning referred to a liver transplant unit. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 65(2), 163-168 (2009).
71. Lines SW, Wood A, Bellamy MC, Lewington AJ. The outcomes of critically ill patients with combined severe acute liver and kidney injury secondary to paracetamol toxicity requiring renal replacement therapy. Renal. Failure 33(8), 785-788 (2011).
72. Bennett M, Dent CL, Ma Q et al. Urine NGAL predicts severity of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: A prospective study. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 3(3), 665-673 (2008).
73. Fagundes C, Pepin MN, Guevara M et al. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-Associated lipocalin as biomarker in the differential diagnosis of impairment of kidney function in cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 57(2), 267-273 (2012).
74. Sirota JC, Walcher A, Faubel S et al. Urine IL-18, NGAL, IL-8 and serum IL-8 are biomarkers of acute kidney injury following liver transplantation. BMC Nephrol. 14, 17 (2013).
75. Coca SG, Parikh CR. Urinary biomarkers for acute kidney injury: Perspectives on translation. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 3(2), 481-490 (2008).
76. Togel FE, Westenfelder C. Kidney protection and regeneration following acute injury: Progress through stem cell therapy. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 60(6), 1012-1022 (2012).