Estimating the radiative forcing of carbonaceous aerosols over California based on satellite and ground observations

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 118, Issue 19, 2013, Pages 11,148-11,160

  Xu, Yangyang ^a   Bahadur, Ranjit ^a   Zhao, Chun ^b   Ruby Leung, L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

AERONET; black carbon; brown carbon; climate; organic carbon; radiation

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; CARBON; DUST; HEAT RADIATION; HEATING; ORGANIC CARBON; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

AERONET; BLACK CARBON; BROWN CARBONS; CLIMATE; DIRECT RADIATIVE FORCING; REGIONAL CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODEL; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; TOP OF THE ATMOSPHERES;

COMPUTER SIMULATION;

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; AEROSOL PROPERTY; BLACK CARBON; CLIMATE MODELING; DUST; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT; HEATING; ORGANIC CARBON; RADIATIVE FORCING; REGIONAL CLIMATE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SOLAR RADIATION;

CALIFORNIA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84887196636     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21698996     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50835     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Andreae, M. O., and, A. Gelencsér, (2006), Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3131-3148.
2. Bahadur, R., Y. Feng, L. M. Russell, and, V. Ramanathan, (2011), Impact of California's air pollution laws on black carbon and their implications for direct radiative forcing, Atmos. Environ., 45, 1162-1167.
3. Bahadur, R., P. S. Praveen, Y. Xu, and, V. Ramanathan, (2012), Solar absorption by elemental and brown carbon determined from spectral observations, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109 (43), 17,366-17,371, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1205910109.
4. Barnard, J. C., R. Volkamer, and, E. I. Kassianov, (2008), Estimation of the mass absorption cross section of the organic carbon component of aerosols in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6665-6679, doi: 10.5194/acp-8-6665-2008.
5. Bergstrom, R. W., P. Pilewskie, P. B. Russell, J. Redemann, T. C. Bond, P. K. Quinn, and, B. Sierau, (2007), Spectral absorption properties of atmospheric aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5937-5943, doi: 10.5194/acp-7-5937-2007.
6. Bond, T. C., E. Bhardwaj, R. Dong, R. Jogani, S. Jung, C. Roden, D. G. Streets, and, N. M. Trautmann, (2007), Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy-related combustion, 1850-2000, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB2018, doi: 10.1029/2006GB002840.
7. Bond, T. C., and, R. W. Bergstrom, (2006), Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: An investigative review, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 40 (1), 27-67, doi: 10.1080/02786820500421521.
8. Bond, T. C., et al. (2013), Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 5380-5552, doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50171.
9. Cairns, B., M. Mishchenko, H. Marring, B. Fafaul, and, S. Pszcolka, (2010), Accurate monitoring of terrestrial aerosols and total solar irradiance: the NASA Glory mission, Proc. SPIE, 7826, 78260U, doi: 10.1117/12.865013.
10. California Air Resource Board (2008), Emission Inventory Data, http://www.arb.ca.gov/ei/emissiondata.htm.
11. Cooke, W. F., C. Liousse, H. Cachier, and, J. Feichter, (1999), Construction of a 1° 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model, J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D18), 22,137-22,162.
12. Chakrabarty, R. K., H. Moosmüller, L.-W. A. Chen, K. Lewis, W. P. Arnott, C. Mazzoleni, M. K. Dubey, C. E. Wold, W. M. Hao, and, S. M. Kreidenweis, (2010), Brown carbon in tar balls from smoldering biomass combustion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6363-6370, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-6363-2010.
13. Chin, M., P. Ginoux, S. Kinne, B. N. Holben, B. N. Duncan, R. V. Martin, J. A. Logan, A. Higurashi, and, T. Nakajima, (2002), Tropospheric aerosol optical thickness from the GOCART model and comparisons with satellite and sunphotometer measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 461-483.
14. Chow, J. C., J. G. Watson, D. Crow, D. H. Lowenthal, and, T. Merrifield, (2001), Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH carbon measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 34 (1), 23-34.
15. Chung, C. E., and, V. Ramanathan, (2006), Weakening of North Indian SST gradients and the monsoon rainfall in India and the Sahel, J. Clim., 19, 2036-2045.
16. Chung, C. E., V. Ramanathan, and, D. Decremer, (2012), Observationally constrained estimates of carbonaceous aerosol radiative forcing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109 (29), 11,624-11,629, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1203707109.
17. Chylek, P., and, J. Coakley, (1974), Aerosol and climate, Science, 183, 75-77.
18. Chylek, P., V. Ramaswamy, and, R. J. Cheng, (1984), Effect of graphitic carbon on the albedo of clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3076-3084.
19. Clarke, A., et al. (2007), Biomass burning and pollution aerosol over North America: Organic components and their influence of spectral optical properties and humidification response, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12S18, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007777.
20. Fialho, P., A. D. A. Hansen, and, R. E. Honrath, (2005), Absorption coefficients by aerosols in remote areas: A new approach to decouple dust and black carbon absorption coefficients using seven-wavelength aethalometer data, J. Aerosol Sci., 36 (2), 267-282.
21. Flowers, B. A., M. K. Dubey, C. Mazzoleni, E. A. Stone, J. J. Schauer, S.-W. Kim, and, S. C. Yoon, (2010), Optical-chemical-microphysical relationships and closure studies for mixed carbonaceous aerosols observed at Jeju Island; 3-laser photoacoustic spectrometer, particle sizing, and filter analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10,387-10,398.
22. Ghan, S. J., X. Liu, R. C. Easter, R. Zaveri, P. J. Rasch, J.-H. Yoon, and, B. Eaton, (2012), Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate models: Comparative decomposition of aerosol direct, semidirect, and indirect radiative forcing, J. Clim., 25, 6461-6476, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00650.1.
23. Grell, G. A., S. E. Peckham, R. Schmitz, S. A. McKeen, G. Frost, W. C. Skamarock, and, B. Eder, (2005), Fully coupled online chemistry within the WRF-Chem model, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6957-6975.
24. Gyawali, M., W. P. Arnott, K. Lewis, and, H. Moosmuller, (2009), In situ aerosol optics in Reno, NV, USA during and after the summer 2008 California wildfires and the influence of absorbing and non-absorbing organic coatings on spectral light absorption, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8007-8015.
25. Hadley, O. L., V. Ramanathan, G. R. Carmichael, Y. Tang, C. E. Corrigan, G. C. Roberts, and, G. S. Mauger, (2007), Trans- Pacific transport of black carbon and fine aerosols (D < 2.5 mm) into North America, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D05309, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007632.
26. Hadley, O. L., C. E. Corrigan, T. W. Kirchstetter, S. S. Cliff, and, V. Ramanathan, (2010), Measured black carbon deposition on the Sierra Nevada snow pack and implication for snow pack retreat, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7505-7513, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-7505-2010.
27. Hess, M., P. Koepke, and, I. Schult, (1998), Optical properties of aerosols and clouds: The software package OPAC, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 831-844.
28. Holben, B. N., et al. (2001), An emerging ground-based aerosol climatology: Aerosol optical depth from AERONET, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (11), 12,067-12,097, doi: 10.1029/2001JD900014.
29. Hsu, N. C., R. Gautam, A. M. Sayer, C. Bettenhausen, C. Li, M. J. Jeong, S.-C. Tsay, and, B. N. Holben, (2012), Global and regional trends of aerosol optical depth over land and ocean using SeaWiFS measurements from 1997 to 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12 (17), 8037-8053, doi: 10.5194/acp-12-8037-2012.
30. Jacobson, M. Z., (1999), Isolating nitrated and aromatic aerosols and nitrated aromatic gases as sources of ultraviolet light absorption, J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D3), 3527-3542.
31. Jacobson, M. Z., (2010), Short-term effects of controlling fossil-fuel soot, biofuel soot and gases, and methane on climate, Arctic ice, and air pollution health, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D14209, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013795.
32. Kahn, R. A., D. Nelson, M. Garay, R. Levy, M. Bull, D. Diner, J. Martonchik, S. Paradise, E. Hansen, and, L. Remer, (2009), MISR Aerosol Product Attributes and Statistical Comparisons With MODIS, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 47 (12), 4095-4114, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2023115.
33. Kahn, R. A, B. J. Gaitley, M. J. Garay, D. J. Diner, T. F. Eck, A. Smirnov, and, B. N. Holben, (2010), Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer global aerosol product assessment by comparison with the Aerosol Robotic Network, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23209, doi: 10.1029/2010JD014601.
34. Kanakidou, M., et al. (2005), Organic aerosol and global climate modeling a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, doi: 10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005.
35. Kato, S., T. P. Ackerman, J. H. Mather, and, E. E. Clothiaux, (1999), The k-distribution method and correlated-k approximation for a shortwave radiative transfer model, J. Quant. Spectros. Radiat. Transfer, 62, 109-121, doi: 10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00075-2.
36. Kim, D., and, V. Ramanathan, (2008), Solar radiation budget and radiative forcing due to aerosols and clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02203, doi: 10.1029/2007JD008434.
37. Kim, D., and, V. Ramanathan, (2012), Improved estimates and understanding of global albedo and atmospheric solar absorption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24704, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053757.
38. Kirchstetter, T. W., T. Novakov, and, P. V. Hobbs, (2004), Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21208, doi: 10.1029/2004JD004999.
39. Kirchstetter, T. W., J. Aguiar, S. Tonse, T. Novakov, and, D. Fairley, (2008), Black carbon concentrations and diesel vehicle emission factors derived from coefficient of haze measurements in California: 1967-2003, Atmos. Environ., 42 (3), 480-491.
40. Koch, D., T. C. Bond, D. Streets, N. Unger, and, G. R. van der Werf, (2007), Global impacts of aerosols from particular source regions and sectors, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D02205, doi: 10.1029/2005JD007024.
41. Koch, D., and, A. D. Del Genio, (2010), Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: Review and synthesis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696.
42. Lau, K. M., and, K. M. Kim, (2006), Observational relationships between aerosol and Asian monsoon rainfall, and circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21810, doi: 10.1029/2006GL027546.
43. Lack, D. A., and, C. D. Cappa, (2010), Impact of brown and clear carbon on light absorption enhancement, single scatter albedo and absorption wavelength dependence of black carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4207-4220, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-4207-2010.
44. Lynn, B., A. Khain, D. Rosenfeld, and, W. L. Woodley, (2007), Effects of aerosols on precipitation from orographic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10225, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007537.
45. Magi, B. I., P. Ginoux, Y. Ming, and, V. Ramaswamy, (2009), Evaluation of tropical and extratropical Southern Hemisphere African aerosol properties simulated by a climate model, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D14204, doi: 10.1029/2008JD011128.
46. Mao, Y. H., Q. B. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Chen, J. T. Randerson, D. Chen, and, K.-N. Liou, (2011), Wildfire contribution to black carbon in the western U.S. mountain ranges, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11,253-11,266, doi: 10.5194/acp-11-11253-2011.
47. Menon, S., J. Hansen, L. Nazarenko, and, Y. Luo, (2002), Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India, Science, 297, 2250-2253.
48. Moosmuller, H., R. K. Chakrabarty, K. M. Ehlers, and, W. P. Arnott, (2011), Absorption Ångström coefficient, brown carbon, and aerosols: Basic concepts, bulk matter, and spherical particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1217-1225.
49. Myhre, G., C. R. Hoyle, T. F. Berglen, B. T. Johnson, and, J. M. Haywood, (2008), Modeling of the solar radiative impact of biomass burning aerosols during the Dust and Biomass-burning Experiment (DABEX), J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00C16, doi: 10.1029/2008JD009857.
50. Nenes, A., W. C. Conant, and, J. H. Seinfeld, (2002), Black carbon radiative heating effects on cloud microphysics and implications for the aerosol indirect effect, 2. Cloud microphysics, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D21), 4605, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002101.
51. Pincus, R., H. W. Barker, and, J.-J. Morcrette, (2003), A fast, flexible, approximate technique for computing radiative transfer in inhomogeneous cloud fields, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D13), 4376, doi: 10.1029/2002JD003322.
52. Podgorny, I. A., and, V. Ramanathan, (2001), A modeling study of the direct effect of aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D20), 24,097-24,105, doi: 10.1029/2001JD900214.
53. Ramanathan, V., P. J. Crutzen, J. T. Kiehl, and, D. Rosenfeld, (2001), Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119-2124.
54. Roden, C. A., T. C. Bond, S. Conway, A. Benjamin, and, O. Pinel, (2006), Emission factors and real-time optical properties of particles emitted from traditional wood burning cookstoves, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6750-6757.
55. Rossow, W. B., and, R. A. Schiffer, (1999), Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 2261-2287.
56. Russell, P. B., R. W. Bergstrom, Y. Shinozuka, A. D. Clarke, P. F. Decarlo, J. L. Jimenez, J. M. Livingston, J. Redemann, O. Dubovik, and, A. Strawa, (2010), Absorption Angstrom Exponent in AERONET and related data as an indicator of aerosol composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10 (3), 1155-1169.
57. Torres, O., A. Tanskanen, B. Veihelmann, C. Ahn, R. Braak, P. K. Bhartia, P. Veefkind, and, P. Levelt, (2007), Aerosols and surface UV products from Ozone Monitoring Instrument observations: An overview, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S47, doi: 10.1029/2007JD008809.
58. Veefkind, J. P., J. F. de Haan, E. J. Brinksma, M. Kroon, and, P. F. Levelt, (2006), Total ozone from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) using the DOAS technique, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44 (5), 1239-1244.
59. Westerling, A. L., H. G. Hidalgo, D. R. Cayan, and, T. W. Swetnam, (2006), Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity, Science, 313 (5789), 940-943.
60. Wielicki, B. A., B. R. Barkstrom, E. F. Harrison, R. B. Lee, G. L. Smith, and, J. E. Cooper, (1996), Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES): An Earth observing system experiment, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 853-868.
61. Wilcox, E. M., (2010), Stratocumulus cloud thickening beneath layers of absorbing smoke aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11,769-11,777, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-11769-2010.
62. Yang, M., S. G. Howell, J. Zhuang, and, B. J. Huebert, (2009), Attribution of aerosol light absorption to black carbon, brown carbon, and dust in China-interpretations of atmospheric measurements during EAST-AIRE, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2035-2050.
63. Young, S. A., and, M. A. Vaughan, (2009), The retrieval of profiles of particulate extinction from Cloud Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data: Algorithm description, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 1105-1119.
64. Zhao, C., L. R. Leung, R. Easter, J. Hand, and, J. Avise, (2013), Characterization of speciated aerosol direct radiative forcing over California, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2372-2388, doi: 10.1029/2012JD018364.