메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 78-123

Syngas Cleanup, Conditioning, and Utilization

Author keywords

Biomass gasification, complex thermochemical process thermal decomposition of a lignocellulosic fuel, and partial oxidation of fuel; Biomass gasification, converting heterogeneous material to consistent gaseous fuel intermediate; Block flow diagram of hydrogen via steam methane reforming; Comparison of membrane technologies for hydrogen separation; Conventional catalytic biomass gasification technology option, building on development experience with coal based gasification processes; R D efforts, on syngas cleanup, and conversion effective use of syngas from biomass gasification; Syngas cleanup, conditioning, and utilization syngas composition, H2:CO ratio, function of production technology and feedstock; Syngas cleanup, for removing unwanted impurities from biomass gasification product gas; Syngas utilization, syngas of two diatomic molecules building blocks, field of fuel science and technology

Indexed keywords


EID: 84886955191     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781119990840.ch4     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (21)

References (178)
  • 2
    • 0021548543 scopus 로고
    • Gasification of biomass, a state of the art review
    • in Thermochemical Processing of Biomass, (ed. A. V. Bridgwater), Butterworths, London
    • Beenackers, A.A.C.M. and Van Swaaij, W.P.M. (1984) Gasification of biomass, a state of the art review, in Thermochemical Processing of Biomass, (ed. A. V. Bridgwater), Butterworths, London, pp. 91-136.
    • (1984) , pp. 91-136
    • Beenackers, A.A.C.M.1    Van Swaaij, W.P.M.2
  • 3
    • 0001774030 scopus 로고
    • Biomass gasification
    • in Biomass, (eds D. O. Hall and R. P. Overend), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester
    • Hos, J.J. and Groeneveld, M.J. (1987) Biomass gasification, in Biomass, (eds D. O. Hall and R. P. Overend), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, pp. 237-255.
    • (1987) , pp. 237-255
    • Hos, J.J.1    Groeneveld, M.J.2
  • 4
    • 0034069415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass gasification with air in fluidized bed. Hot gas cleanup with selected commercial and full-size nickel-based catalysts
    • Caballero, M.A., Corella, J., Aznar, M.-P., and Gil, J. (2000) Biomass gasification with air in fluidized bed. Hot gas cleanup with selected commercial and full-size nickel-based catalysts. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 39 (5), 1143-1154.
    • (2000) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 1143-1154
    • Caballero, M.A.1    Corella, J.2    Aznar, M.-P.3    Gil, J.4
  • 5
    • 0035997598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ancillary equipment for biomass gasification
    • Cummer, K.R. and Brown, R.C. (2002) Ancillary equipment for biomass gasification. Biomass & Bioenergy, 23 (2), 113-128.
    • (2002) Biomass & Bioenergy , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-128
    • Cummer, K.R.1    Brown, R.C.2
  • 6
    • 0037315341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the primary measures for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes
    • Devi, L., Ptasinski, K.J., and Janssen, F. (2003) A review of the primary measures for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes. Biomass & Bioenergy, 24 (2), 125-140.
    • (2003) Biomass & Bioenergy , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-140
    • Devi, L.1    Ptasinski, K.J.2    Janssen, F.3
  • 7
    • 0001320784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of gasification gas components on tar and ammonia decomposition over hot gas cleanup catalysts
    • Simell, P.A., Hepola, J.O., and Krause, A.O.I. (1997) Effects of gasification gas components on tar and ammonia decomposition over hot gas cleanup catalysts. Fuel, 76 (12), 1117-1127.
    • (1997) Fuel , vol.76 , Issue.12 , pp. 1117-1127
    • Simell, P.A.1    Hepola, J.O.2    Krause, A.O.I.3
  • 8
    • 0342905123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provisional protocol for the sampling and anlaysis of tar and particulates in the gas from large-scale biomass gasifiers
    • Version 1998
    • Simell, P., Stahlberg, P., Kurkela, E. et al. (2000) Provisional protocol for the sampling and anlaysis of tar and particulates in the gas from large-scale biomass gasifiers. Version 1998. Biomass & Bioenergy, 18 (1), 19-38.
    • (2000) Biomass & Bioenergy , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-38
    • Simell, P.1    Stahlberg, P.2    Kurkela, E.3
  • 9
    • 0033986580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of tar measurement protocols
    • Knoef, H.A.M. and Koele, H.J. (2000) Survey of tar measurement protocols. Biomass & Bioenergy, 18 (1), 55-59.
    • (2000) Biomass & Bioenergy , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-59
    • Knoef, H.A.M.1    Koele, H.J.2
  • 10
    • 0033988960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tar protocols. IEA Bioenergy Gasification Task
    • Maniatis, K. and Beenackers, A. (2000) Tar protocols. IEA Bioenergy Gasification Task. Biomass & Bioenergy, 18 (1), 1-4.
    • (2000) Biomass & Bioenergy , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-4
    • Maniatis, K.1    Beenackers, A.2
  • 11
    • 0024771347 scopus 로고
    • Bench-scale testing of hightemperature desulfurization sorbents
    • Gangwal, S.K., Harkins, S.M., Woods, M.C. et al. (1989) Bench-scale testing of hightemperature desulfurization sorbents. Environmental Progress, 8 (4), 265-269.
    • (1989) Environmental Progress , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 265-269
    • Gangwal, S.K.1    Harkins, S.M.2    Woods, M.C.3
  • 16
    • 0344964417 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia decomposition in presence of water-vapor. 1. Nickel, ruthenium and palladium catalysts
    • Friedlander, A.G., Courty, R., and Montarnal, R.E. (1977) Ammonia decomposition in presence of water-vapor. 1. Nickel, ruthenium and palladium catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 48 (1-3), 312-321.
    • (1977) Journal of Catalysis , vol.48 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 312-321
    • Friedlander, A.G.1    Courty, R.2    Montarnal, R.E.3
  • 17
    • 2542448523 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia decomposition in presence of water-vapor. 2. Kinetics of reaction on nickel-catalyst
    • Friedlander, A.G., Courty, R., and Montarnal, R.E. (1977) Ammonia decomposition in presence of water-vapor. 2. Kinetics of reaction on nickel-catalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 48 (1-3), 322-332.
    • (1977) Journal of Catalysis , vol.48 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 322-332
    • Friedlander, A.G.1    Courty, R.2    Montarnal, R.E.3
  • 20
    • 0000531901 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of ammonia decomposition on polycrystalline tungsten
    • Grosman, M. and Loffler, D.G. (1983) Kinetics of ammonia decomposition on polycrystalline tungsten. Journal of Catalysis, 80 (1), 188-193.
    • (1983) Journal of Catalysis , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 188-193
    • Grosman, M.1    Loffler, D.G.2
  • 22
    • 33750846363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new technology for selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen
    • Sano, K., Sugishima, N., Ikeda, M. et al., (1999) The new technology for selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 121, 399-402.
    • (1999) Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis , vol.121 , pp. 399-402
    • Sano, K.1    Sugishima, N.2    Ikeda, M.3
  • 23
    • 0000974575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of activated states of ruthenium-containing zeolite NaHY
    • Sheu, S.P., Karge, H.G., and Schlogl, R. (1997) Characterization of activated states of ruthenium-containing zeolite NaHY. Journal of Catalysis, 168 (2), 278-291.
    • (1997) Journal of Catalysis , vol.168 , Issue.2 , pp. 278-291
    • Sheu, S.P.1    Karge, H.G.2    Schlogl, R.3
  • 25
    • 0347244459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia decomposition over vanadium carbide catalysts
    • Choi, J.G. (1999) Ammonia decomposition over vanadium carbide catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 182 (1), 104-116.
    • (1999) Journal of Catalysis , vol.182 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-116
    • Choi, J.G.1
  • 27
    • 49949150653 scopus 로고
    • Catalytic decomposition of ammonia: electric field effect on catalytic activity
    • Vladov, D., Dyakovit, V., and Dinkov, S. (1966) Catalytic decomposition of ammonia: electric field effect on catalytic activity. Journal of Catalysis, 5 (3), 412-418.
    • (1966) Journal of Catalysis , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 412-418
    • Vladov, D.1    Dyakovit, V.2    Dinkov, S.3
  • 29
    • 0002242285 scopus 로고
    • Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic study of adsorption and decomposition of ammonia over magnesium-oxide
    • Kagami, S., Onishi, T., and Tamaru, K. (1984) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic study of adsorption and decomposition of ammonia over magnesium-oxide. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions I, 80, 29-35.
    • (1984) Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions I , vol.80 , pp. 29-35
    • Kagami, S.1    Onishi, T.2    Tamaru, K.3
  • 30
    • 1142281043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decomposition of ammonia with iron and calcium catalysts supported on coal chars
    • Ohtsuka, Y., Xu, C., Kong, D., and Tsubouchi, N. (2004) Decomposition of ammonia with iron and calcium catalysts supported on coal chars. Clean Coal Technology, 83 (6), 685-692.
    • (2004) Clean Coal Technology , vol.83 , Issue.6 , pp. 685-692
    • Ohtsuka, Y.1    Xu, C.2    Kong, D.3    Tsubouchi, N.4
  • 31
    • 0002467085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic hot gas cleaning of gasification gas
    • Simell, P., Kurkela, E., Ståhlberg, P., and Hepola, J. (1996) Catalytic hot gas cleaning of gasification gas. Catalysis Today, 27 (1-2), 55-62.
    • (1996) Catalysis Today , vol.27 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 55-62
    • Simell, P.1    Kurkela, E.2    Ståhlberg, P.3    Hepola, J.4
  • 32
    • 0033796083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury and other elements in lichens near the INA Naftaplin gas treatment plant, Molve, Croatia
    • Horvat, M., Jeran, Z., Spiric, Z. et al. (2000) Mercury and other elements in lichens near the INA Naftaplin gas treatment plant, Molve, Croatia. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2 (2), 139-144.
    • (2000) Journal of Environmental Monitoring , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-144
    • Horvat, M.1    Jeran, Z.2    Spiric, Z.3
  • 33
    • 84886959947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flex-fuel testing of the ultra-clean process for the control of sulfur, halide, and mercury compounds in coal gasification gases
    • in 21st Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Osaka, Japan
    • Lau, F.S., Slimane, R.B., Roberts, M.J. et al. (2004) Flex-fuel testing of the ultra-clean process for the control of sulfur, halide, and mercury compounds in coal gasification gases, in 21st Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Osaka, Japan.
    • (2004)
    • Lau, F.S.1    Slimane, R.B.2    Roberts, M.J.3
  • 34
    • 0013652802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of hydrogen chloride from hot coal gas streams
    • in High Temperature Gas Cleaning (eds E. Schmidt, G. Gäng, T. Pilz, and A. Dittler), Institut fur Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, Karlsruhe
    • Krishnan, G.N., Gupta, R.P., Canizales, A. et al. (1996) Removal of hydrogen chloride from hot coal gas streams, in High Temperature Gas Cleaning (eds E. Schmidt, G. Gäng, T. Pilz, and A. Dittler), Institut fur Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, Karlsruhe, pp. 405-414.
    • (1996) , pp. 405-414
    • Krishnan, G.N.1    Gupta, R.P.2    Canizales, A.3
  • 36
    • 0031523011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid-acid-catalyzed alkane cracking mechanisms: evidence from reactions of small probe molecules
    • Jentoft, F.C. and Gates, B.C. (1997) Solid-acid-catalyzed alkane cracking mechanisms: evidence from reactions of small probe molecules. Topics in Catalysis, 4 (1-2), 1-13.
    • (1997) Topics in Catalysis , vol.4 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-13
    • Jentoft, F.C.1    Gates, B.C.2
  • 37
    • 0033229767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass gasification with air in a fluidized bed: effect of the in-bed use of dolomite under different operation conditions
    • Gil, J., Caballero, M.A., Martín, J.A. et al. (1999) Biomass gasification with air in a fluidized bed: effect of the in-bed use of dolomite under different operation conditions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 38 (11), 4226-4235.
    • (1999) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.38 , Issue.11 , pp. 4226-4235
    • Gil, J.1    Caballero, M.A.2    Martín, J.A.3
  • 38
    • 0042331110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel supported Rh, Pt, Ir and Ru mesoporous alumino silicates as catalysts for the hydrogenation of naphthalene
    • Jacquin, M., Jones, D.J., Roziegrave;re, J. et al. (2003) Novel supported Rh, Pt, Ir and Ru mesoporous alumino silicates as catalysts for the hydrogenation of naphthalene. Applied Catalysis A: General, 251 (1), 131-141.
    • (2003) Applied Catalysis A: General , vol.251 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-141
    • Jacquin, M.1    Jones, D.J.2    Roziegrave3    re, J.4
  • 39
    • 0037052761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vapour phase hydrogenation of naphthalene on a novel Ni-containing mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst
    • Mandreoli, M., Vaccari, A., Veggetti, E. et al. (2002) Vapour phase hydrogenation of naphthalene on a novel Ni-containing mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst. Applied Catalysis A: General, 231 (1-2), 263-268.
    • (2002) Applied Catalysis A: General , vol.231 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 263-268
    • Mandreoli, M.1    Vaccari, A.2    Veggetti, E.3
  • 40
    • 6344277102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of catalysts for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes
    • Abu El-Rub, Z., Bramer, E.A., and Brem, G. (2004) Review of catalysts for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 43 (22), 6911-6919.
    • (2004) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.43 , Issue.22 , pp. 6911-6919
    • Abu El-rub, Z.1    Bramer, E.A.2    Brem, G.3
  • 41
    • 0028731303 scopus 로고
    • Catalytic conditioning of synthesis gas produced by biomass gasification
    • Gebhard, S.C., Wang, D., Overend, R.P., and Paisley, M.A. (1994) Catalytic conditioning of synthesis gas produced by biomass gasification. Biomass & Bioenergy, 7 (1-6), 307-313.
    • (1994) Biomass & Bioenergy , vol.7 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 307-313
    • Gebhard, S.C.1    Wang, D.2    Overend, R.P.3    Paisley, M.A.4
  • 43
    • 0042763832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of catalysts in tar removal from biomass gasification
    • Marsak, J. and Skoblja, S. (2002) Role of catalysts in tar removal from biomass gasification. Chemicke Listy, 96 (10), 813-820.
    • (2002) Chemicke Listy , vol.96 , Issue.10 , pp. 813-820
    • Marsak, J.1    Skoblja, S.2
  • 44
    • 0035856408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of literature on catalysts for biomass gasification
    • Sutton, D., Kelleher, B., and Ross, J.R.H. (2001) Review of literature on catalysts for biomass gasification. Fuel Processing Technology, 73 (3), 155-173.
    • (2001) Fuel Processing Technology , vol.73 , Issue.3 , pp. 155-173
    • Sutton, D.1    Kelleher, B.2    Ross, J.R.H.3
  • 45
    • 65449144476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of catalytic conditioning of biomass-derived syngas
    • Yung, M.A., Jablonski, W.S., and Magrini-Bair, K.A. (2009) Review of catalytic conditioning of biomass-derived syngas. Energy & Fuels, 23, 1874-1887.
    • (2009) Energy & Fuels , vol.23 , pp. 1874-1887
    • Yung, M.A.1    Jablonski, W.S.2    Magrini-bair, K.A.3
  • 46
    • 0345868363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic destruction of tar in biomass derived producer gas
    • Zhang, R.Q., et al., (2004) Catalytic destruction of tar in biomass derived producer gas. Energy Conversion and Management, 45 (7-8), 995-1014.
    • (2004) Energy Conversion and Management , vol.45 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 995-1014
    • Zhang, R.Q.1
  • 47
  • 51
    • 0042667951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hot gas conditioning: recent progress with larger-scale biomass gasification systems
    • Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden
    • Stevens, D.J. (2001) Hot gas conditioning: recent progress with larger-scale biomass gasification systems, Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, p. 88.
    • (2001) , pp. 88
    • Stevens, D.J.1
  • 52
    • 0033336878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass gasification in fluidized bed: where to locate the dolomite to improve gasification?
    • Corella, J., Aznar, M.-P., Gil, J., and Caballero, M.A. (1999) Biomass gasification in fluidized bed: where to locate the dolomite to improve gasification? Energy & Fuels, 13 (6), 1122-1127.
    • (1999) Energy & Fuels , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 1122-1127
    • Corella, J.1    Aznar, M.-P.2    Gil, J.3    Caballero, M.A.4
  • 53
    • 2942589182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olivine or dolomite as in-bed additive in biomass gasification with air in a fluidized bed: which is better?
    • Corella, J., Toledo, J.M., and Padilla, R. (2004) Olivine or dolomite as in-bed additive in biomass gasification with air in a fluidized bed: which is better? Energy & Fuels, 18 (3), 713-720.
    • (2004) Energy & Fuels , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 713-720
    • Corella, J.1    Toledo, J.M.2    Padilla, R.3
  • 54
    • 0031148438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass gasification with steam in fluidized bed: Effectiveness of CaO, MgO, and CaO-MgO for hot raw gas cleaning
    • Delgado, J., Aznar, M.P., and Corella, J. (1997) Biomass gasification with steam in fluidized bed: Effectiveness of CaO, MgO, and CaO-MgO for hot raw gas cleaning. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 36 (5), 1535-1543.
    • (1997) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 1535-1543
    • Delgado, J.1    Aznar, M.P.2    Corella, J.3
  • 55
    • 7444254027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic decomposition of biomass tars: use of dolomite and untreated olivine
    • Devi, L., Ptasinski, K.J., Jamssen, F.J.J.G. et al. (2005) Catalytic decomposition of biomass tars: use of dolomite and untreated olivine. Renewable Energy, 30 (4), 565-587.
    • (2005) Renewable Energy , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 565-587
    • Devi, L.1    Ptasinski, K.J.2    Jamssen, F.J.J.G.3
  • 56
    • 0031229441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of different dolomites on hot raw gas cleaning from biomass gasification with air
    • Orio, A., Corella, J., and Narvaez, I. (1997) Performance of different dolomites on hot raw gas cleaning from biomass gasification with air. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 36 (9), 3800-3808.
    • (1997) Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 3800-3808
    • Orio, A.1    Corella, J.2    Narvaez, I.3
  • 58
    • 65449145652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic decomposition of biomass tars with dolomites
    • Gusta, E., Dalai, A.K., Uddin, Md.A., and Sasaoka, E. (2009) Catalytic decomposition of biomass tars with dolomites. Energy & Fuels, 23, 2264-2272.
    • (2009) Energy & Fuels , vol.23 , pp. 2264-2272
    • Gusta, E.1    Dalai, A.K.2    Uddin, M.A.3    Sasaoka, E.4
  • 59
    • 12444332026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pretreated olivine as tar removal catalyst for biomass gasifiers: investigation using naphthalene as model biomass tar
    • Devi, L., Ptasinski, K.J., and Janssen, F. (2005) Pretreated olivine as tar removal catalyst for biomass gasifiers: investigation using naphthalene as model biomass tar. Fuel Processing Technology, 86 (6), 707-730.
    • (2005) Fuel Processing Technology , vol.86 , Issue.6 , pp. 707-730
    • Devi, L.1    Ptasinski, K.J.2    Janssen, F.3
  • 60
    • 0032105553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial steam reforming catalysts to improve biomass gasification with steam-oxygen mixtures. 2. Catalytic tar removal
    • Aznar, M.P., Caballero, M.A., Gil, J. et al. (1998) Commercial steam reforming catalysts to improve biomass gasification with steam-oxygen mixtures. 2. Catalytic tar removal. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 37 (7), 2668-2680.
    • (1998) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 2668-2680
    • Aznar, M.P.1    Caballero, M.A.2    Gil, J.3
  • 61
    • 0031421544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial steam reforming catalysts to improve biomass gasification with steam-oxygen mixtures. 1. Hot gas upgrading by the catalytic reactor
    • Caballero, M.A., Aznar, M.P., Gil, J. et al. (1997) Commercial steam reforming catalysts to improve biomass gasification with steam-oxygen mixtures. 1. Hot gas upgrading by the catalytic reactor. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 36 (12), 5227-5239.
    • (1997) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 5227-5239
    • Caballero, M.A.1    Aznar, M.P.2    Gil, J.3
  • 62
    • 0034352048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of Ni catalysts for gas production from biomass gasification. Reactivity in steam-and dry-reforming
    • Courson, C., Makaga, E., Petit, and Kiennemann, A. (2000) Development of Ni catalysts for gas production from biomass gasification. Reactivity in steam-and dry-reforming. Catalysis Today, 63 (2-4), 427-437.
    • (2000) Catalysis Today , vol.63 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 427-437
    • Courson, C.1    Makaga, E.2    Petit3    Kiennemann, A.4
  • 63
    • 27444444945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of catalyst deactivation during catalytic steam reforming of biomass-derived syngas
    • Bain, R.L., Dayton, D.C., Carpenter, D.L. et al. (2005) Evaluation of catalyst deactivation during catalytic steam reforming of biomass-derived syngas. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44 (21), 7945-7956.
    • (2005) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.44 , Issue.21 , pp. 7945-7956
    • Bain, R.L.1    Dayton, D.C.2    Carpenter, D.L.3
  • 65
    • 33846157191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluidizable reforming catalyst development for conditioning biomass-derived syngas
    • Magrini-Bair, K.A., Czernik, S., French, R. et al. (2007) Fluidizable reforming catalyst development for conditioning biomass-derived syngas. Applied Catalysis A: General, 318, 199-206.
    • (2007) Applied Catalysis A: General , vol.318 , pp. 199-206
    • Magrini-bair, K.A.1    Czernik, S.2    French, R.3
  • 66
    • 11144254371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic hot gas cleaning with monoliths in biomass gasification in fluidized beds. 2. Modeling of the monolithic reactor
    • Corella, J., Toledo, J.M., and Padilla, R. (2004) Catalytic hot gas cleaning with monoliths in biomass gasification in fluidized beds. 2. Modeling of the monolithic reactor. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 43 (26), 8207-8216.
    • (2004) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.43 , Issue.26 , pp. 8207-8216
    • Corella, J.1    Toledo, J.M.2    Padilla, R.3
  • 67
    • 2442447108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic hot gas cleaning with monoliths in biomass gasification in fluidized beds. 1. Their effectiveness for tar elimination
    • Corella, J., Toledo, M., and Padilla, R. (2004) Catalytic hot gas cleaning with monoliths in biomass gasification in fluidized beds. 1. Their effectiveness for tar elimination. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 43 (10), 2433-2445.
    • (2004) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 2433-2445
    • Corella, J.1    Toledo, M.2    Padilla, R.3
  • 68
    • 0000461130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of C-1 conversion chemistry
    • Gesser, H.D. and Hunter, N.R. (1998) A review of C-1 conversion chemistry. Catalysis Today, 42 (3), 183-189.
    • (1998) Catalysis Today , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-189
    • Gesser, H.D.1    Hunter, N.R.2
  • 69
    • 0026389223 scopus 로고
    • Overview of fuel conversion
    • FACT (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), (Solid Fuel Conversion for the Transportation Sector)
    • Green, A.E.S. (1991) Overview of fuel conversion. FACT (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), 12(Solid Fuel Conversion for the Transportation Sector), 3-15.
    • (1991) , vol.12 , pp. 3-15
    • Green, A.E.S.1
  • 70
    • 84886969450 scopus 로고
    • 1 chemistry: present status and aspects for the future
    • in Chemistry for the Future, Proceedings of the 29th IUPAC Congress, (ed. H. Grunewald), Pergamon, Oxford
    • 1 chemistry: present status and aspects for the future, in Chemistry for the Future, Proceedings of the 29th IUPAC Congress, (ed. H. Grunewald), Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 53-62.
    • (1984) , pp. 53-62
    • Keim, W.1
  • 71
    • 0037079619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syngas in perspective
    • Rostrup-Nielsen, J.R. (2002) Syngas in perspective. Catalysis Today, 71 (3-4), 243-247.
    • (2002) Catalysis Today , vol.71 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 243-247
    • Rostrup-nielsen, J.R.1
  • 72
    • 0030231594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactions of synthesis gas
    • Wender, I. (1996) Reactions of synthesis gas. Fuel Processing Technology, 48 (3), 189-297.
    • (1996) Fuel Processing Technology , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 189-297
    • Wender, I.1
  • 73
    • 14844354742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary screening - technical and economic assessment of synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals with emphasis on the potential for biomass-derived syngas
    • National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO
    • Spath, P.L. and Dayton, D.C. (2003) Preliminary screening - technical and economic assessment of synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals with emphasis on the potential for biomass-derived syngas, National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 160 pp.
    • (2003) , pp. 160
    • Spath, P.L.1    Dayton, D.C.2
  • 74
    • 34547468272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of ethanol from biomassderived syngas
    • Spivey, J.J. and Egbebi, A. (2007) Heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of ethanol from biomassderived syngas. Chemical Society Reviews, 36 (9), 1514-1528.
    • (2007) Chemical Society Reviews , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 1514-1528
    • Spivey, J.J.1    Egbebi, A.2
  • 75
    • 0003535761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen
    • in Ullmann's Encylopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
    • Häussinger, P., Lohmüller, R., and Watson, A.M. (2002) Hydrogen, in Ullmann's Encylopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.
    • (2002)
    • Häussinger, P.1    Lohmüller, R.2    Watson, A.M.3
  • 76
    • 57649107180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of hydrogen production technologies
    • Holladay, J.D., Hu, J., King, D.L., and Wang, Y. (2009) An overview of hydrogen production technologies. Catalysis Today, 139 (4), 244-260.
    • (2009) Catalysis Today , vol.139 , Issue.4 , pp. 244-260
    • Holladay, J.D.1    Hu, J.2    King, D.L.3    Wang, Y.4
  • 77
    • 0038755583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of tantalum-based materials for hydrogen separation at elevated temperatures and pressures
    • Rothenberger, K.S., Howard, B.H., Killmeyer, R.P. et al., (2003) Evaluation of tantalum-based materials for hydrogen separation at elevated temperatures and pressures. Journal of Membrane Science, 218 (1-2), 19-37.
    • (2003) Journal of Membrane Science , vol.218 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 19-37
    • Rothenberger, K.S.1    Howard, B.H.2    Killmeyer, R.P.3
  • 78
    • 12944274795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of hydrogen flux through sulfur-tolerant binary alloy membranes
    • Kamakoti, P., Morreale, B.D., Ciocco, M.V. et al. (2005) Prediction of hydrogen flux through sulfur-tolerant binary alloy membranes. Science, 307 (5709), 569-573.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , Issue.5709 , pp. 569-573
    • Kamakoti, P.1    Morreale, B.D.2    Ciocco, M.V.3
  • 79
    • 3242687889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of water gas shift gases on Pd-Cu alloy membrane surface morphology and separation properties
    • Kulprathipanja, A., Alptekin, G.O., Falconer, J.L., and Way, J.D. (2004) Effects of water gas shift gases on Pd-Cu alloy membrane surface morphology and separation properties. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 43 (15), 4188-4198.
    • (2004) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.43 , Issue.15 , pp. 4188-4198
    • Kulprathipanja, A.1    Alptekin, G.O.2    Falconer, J.L.3    Way, J.D.4
  • 80
    • 84886957237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alloy composition effect on the N-value for hydrogen-selective palladium-copper membranes
    • 155-FUEL
    • Roa, F. and Way, J.D. (2003) Alloy composition effect on the N-value for hydrogen-selective palladium-copper membranes. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 225, 155-FUEL.
    • (2003) Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society , vol.225
    • Roa, F.1    Way, J.D.2
  • 81
    • 0242721369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of alloy composition and membrane fabrication on the pressure dependence of the hydrogen flux of palladium-copper membranes
    • Roa, F. and Way, J.D. (2003) Influence of alloy composition and membrane fabrication on the pressure dependence of the hydrogen flux of palladium-copper membranes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 42 (23), 5827-5835.
    • (2003) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.42 , Issue.23 , pp. 5827-5835
    • Roa, F.1    Way, J.D.2
  • 82
    • 0037447679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and characterization of Pd-Cu composite membranes for hydrogen separation
    • Roa, F., Way, J.D., McCormick, R.L., and Paglieri, S.N. (2003) Preparation and characterization of Pd-Cu composite membranes for hydrogen separation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 93 (1), 11-22.
    • (2003) Chemical Engineering Journal , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-22
    • Roa, F.1    Way, J.D.2    McCormick, R.L.3    Paglieri, S.N.4
  • 83
    • 14144251350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsieve supporting palladium--silver alloy membrane and application to hydrogen separation
    • Tong, H.D., Gielens, F.C., Gardeniers, J.G.E. et al. (2005) Microsieve supporting palladium--silver alloy membrane and application to hydrogen separation. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 14 (1), 113-124.
    • (2005) Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-124
    • Tong, H.D.1    Gielens, F.C.2    Gardeniers, J.G.E.3
  • 86
    • 33748997284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 recovery and sequestration at Dakota Gasification Company
    • in Gasification Technologies Conference, Washington, DC
    • 2 recovery and sequestration at Dakota Gasification Company, in Gasification Technologies Conference, Washington, DC.
    • (2004)
    • Perry, M.1    Elliason, D.2
  • 88
    • 5344248687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic methane synthesis can extend hydrocarbon supply
    • Nahas, N.C. (2004) Catalytic methane synthesis can extend hydrocarbon supply. Oil & Gas Journal, 102 (37), 18-24.
    • (2004) Oil & Gas Journal , vol.102 , Issue.37 , pp. 18-24
    • Nahas, N.C.1
  • 89
    • 13844253268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamental studies on hydrogasification of Taiheiyo coal
    • Zhang, A., Kaiho, M., Yasuda, H. et al. (2005) Fundamental studies on hydrogasification of Taiheiyo coal. Energy, 30 (11-12), 2243-2250.
    • (2005) Energy , vol.30 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 2243-2250
    • Zhang, A.1    Kaiho, M.2    Yasuda, H.3
  • 90
    • 0015475970 scopus 로고
    • Development of HYGAS process for converting coal to synthetic pipeline gas
    • (Dec)
    • Lee, B.S. (1972) Development of HYGAS process for converting coal to synthetic pipeline gas. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 24 (Dec), 1407-1410.
    • (1972) Journal of Petroleum Technology , vol.24 , pp. 1407-1410
    • Lee, B.S.1
  • 91
    • 0017632348 scopus 로고
    • HYGAS process update
    • Vorres, K.S. (1977) HYGAS process update. Energy Communications, 3 (6), 613-624.
    • (1977) Energy Communications , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 613-624
    • Vorres, K.S.1
  • 93
    • 63149198968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal gasification of waste biomass: process design and life cycle asessment
    • Luterbacher, J.S., Fröling, M., Vogel, F. et al. (2009) Hydrothermal gasification of waste biomass: process design and life cycle asessment. Environmental Science&Technology, 43 (5), 1578-1583.
    • (2009) Environmental Science&Technology , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 1578-1583
    • Luterbacher, J.S.1    Fröling, M.2    Vogel, F.3
  • 94
    • 34249992882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic natural gas from biomass by catalytic conversion in supercritical water
    • Vogel, F., Waldner, M.H., Rouff, A.A., and Rabe, S. (2007) Synthetic natural gas from biomass by catalytic conversion in supercritical water. Green Chemistry, 9, 616-619.
    • (2007) Green Chemistry , vol.9 , pp. 616-619
    • Vogel, F.1    Waldner, M.H.2    Rouff, A.A.3    Rabe, S.4
  • 95
    • 34548544216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic natural gas by hydrothermal gasification of biomass selection procedure towards a stable catalyst and its sodium sulfate tolerance
    • Waldner, M.H., Krumeich, F., and Vogel, F. (2007) Synthetic natural gas by hydrothermal gasification of biomass selection procedure towards a stable catalyst and its sodium sulfate tolerance. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 43 (1), 91-105.
    • (2007) Journal of Supercritical Fluids , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-105
    • Waldner, M.H.1    Krumeich, F.2    Vogel, F.3
  • 96
    • 22544453899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewable production of methane from woody biomass by catalytic hydrothermal gasification
    • Waldner, M.H. and Vogel, F. (2005) Renewable production of methane from woody biomass by catalytic hydrothermal gasification. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44 (13), 4543-4551.
    • (2005) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.44 , Issue.13 , pp. 4543-4551
    • Waldner, M.H.1    Vogel, F.2
  • 97
    • 16344392037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High efficiency co-production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) transportation fuels from biomass
    • Zwart, R.W.R. and Boerrigter, H. (2005) High efficiency co-production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) transportation fuels from biomass. Energy & Fuels, 19 (2), 591-597.
    • (2005) Energy & Fuels , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 591-597
    • Zwart, R.W.R.1    Boerrigter, H.2
  • 98
    • 0041353007 scopus 로고
    • Fischer-Tropsch process
    • in Chemical Feedstocks from Coal (ed. J. Falbe), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York
    • Frohning, C., Kolbel, H., Ralek, M. et al. (1982) Fischer-Tropsch process, in Chemical Feedstocks from Coal (ed. J. Falbe), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 309-432.
    • (1982) , pp. 309-432
    • Frohning, C.1    Kolbel, H.2    Ralek, M.3
  • 99
    • 0020132750 scopus 로고
    • Catalytic concepts in coal conversion
    • Mills, G.A. (1982) Catalytic concepts in coal conversion. Chemtech, 12 (5), 294-303.
    • (1982) Chemtech , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 294-303
    • Mills, G.A.1
  • 100
    • 0037079618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Fischer-Tropsch process: 1950-2000
    • Dry, M.E. (2002) The Fischer-Tropsch process: 1950-2000. Catalysis Today, 71 (3-4), 227-241.
    • (2002) Catalysis Today , vol.71 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 227-241
    • Dry, M.E.1
  • 102
    • 0002730883 scopus 로고
    • Recent technological developments in Fischer-Tropsch catalysis
    • Bartholomew, C.H. (1990) Recent technological developments in Fischer-Tropsch catalysis. Catalysis Letters, 7, 303-316.
    • (1990) Catalysis Letters , vol.7 , pp. 303-316
    • Bartholomew, C.H.1
  • 103
    • 33749866507 scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch catalysis
    • in New Trends in CO Activation, (ed. L. Guczi), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Elsevier, New York
    • Bartholomew, C.H. (1991) Recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch catalysis, in New Trends in CO Activation, (ed. L. Guczi), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, vol. 64, Elsevier, New York, pp. 158-224.
    • (1991) , vol.64 , pp. 158-224
    • Bartholomew, C.H.1
  • 104
    • 0020203905 scopus 로고
    • Catalytic aspects of industrial Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
    • Dry, M.E. (1982) Catalytic aspects of industrial Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 17 (2-3), 133-144.
    • (1982) Journal of Molecular Catalysis , vol.17 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 133-144
    • Dry, M.E.1
  • 105
    • 84886980781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Shell middle distillate synthesis process: commercial plant experience and outlook into the future
    • Senden, M.M.G. (1998) The Shell middle distillate synthesis process: commercial plant experience and outlook into the future. Petrole et Techniques, 415, 94-97.
    • (1998) Petrole et Techniques , vol.415 , pp. 94-97
    • Senden, M.M.G.1
  • 106
    • 84886978153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic fuel and lubricants production using gas-to-liquids technology
    • in Proceedings of the DGMK-Conference "Synthesis Gas Chemistry", September 27-29, 2000, Dresden, Germany, DGMK Tagungsbericht 2000-3, DGMK, Hamburg
    • Haid, M.O., Schubert, P.F., and Bayens, C.A. (2000) Synthetic fuel and lubricants production using gas-to-liquids technology, in Proceedings of the DGMK-Conference "Synthesis Gas Chemistry", September 27-29, 2000, Dresden, Germany, DGMK Tagungsbericht 2000-3, DGMK, Hamburg, pp. 205-212.
    • (2000) , pp. 205-212
    • Haid, M.O.1    Schubert, P.F.2    Bayens, C.A.3
  • 108
    • 0000432078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocarbon synthesis via Fischer-Tropsch reaction: travails and triumphs
    • Adesina, A.A. (1996) Hydrocarbon synthesis via Fischer-Tropsch reaction: travails and triumphs. Applied Catalysis A: General, 138 (2), 345-367.
    • (1996) Applied Catalysis A: General , vol.138 , Issue.2 , pp. 345-367
    • Adesina, A.A.1
  • 109
    • 38349143159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alumina-supported cobalt-molybdenum catalyst for slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
    • Cooper, C.G., Nguyen, T.-H., Lee, Y.-J. et al. (2008) Alumina-supported cobalt-molybdenum catalyst for slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Catalysis Today, 131 (1-4), 255-261.
    • (2008) Catalysis Today , vol.131 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 255-261
    • Cooper, C.G.1    Nguyen, T.-H.2    Lee, Y.-J.3
  • 110
    • 64749090818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale gasification-based coproduction of fuels and electricity from switchgrass
    • Larson, E.D., Jin, H.M., and Celik, F.E. (2009) Large-scale gasification-based coproduction of fuels and electricity from switchgrass. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining, 3 (2), 174-194.
    • (2009) Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 174-194
    • Larson, E.D.1    Jin, H.M.2    Celik, F.E.3
  • 113
    • 0035354263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fischer-Tropsch: a futuristic view
    • Vosloo, A.C. (2001) Fischer-Tropsch: a futuristic view. Fuel Processing Technology, 71 (1-3), 149-155.
    • (2001) Fuel Processing Technology , vol.71 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 149-155
    • Vosloo, A.C.1
  • 114
    • 0035354266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syngas production for gas-to-liquids applications: technologies, issues and outlook
    • Wilhelm, D.J., Simbeck, D.R., Karp, A.D., and Dickenson, R.L. (2001) Syngas production for gas-to-liquids applications: technologies, issues and outlook. Fuel Processing Technology, 71 (1-3), 139-148.
    • (2001) Fuel Processing Technology , vol.71 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 139-148
    • Wilhelm, D.J.1    Simbeck, D.R.2    Karp, A.D.3    Dickenson, R.L.4
  • 115
    • 84886984426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methanol
    • SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
    • Davenport, B. (2002) Methanol, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
    • (2002)
    • Davenport, B.1
  • 116
    • 84979023808 scopus 로고
    • The Lurgi low-pressure methanol process
    • in Handbook of Synfuels Technology (ed R. A. Meyers), McGraw-Hill, New York
    • Supp, E. and Quinkler, R.F. (1984) The Lurgi low-pressure methanol process, in Handbook of Synfuels Technology (ed R. A. Meyers), McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 113-131.
    • (1984) , pp. 113-131
    • Supp, E.1    Quinkler, R.F.2
  • 117
    • 0034352315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New aspects of syngas production and use
    • Rostrup-Nielsen, J.R. (2000) New aspects of syngas production and use. Catalysis Today, 63 (2-4), 159-164.
    • (2000) Catalysis Today , vol.63 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 159-164
    • Rostrup-nielsen, J.R.1
  • 120
    • 0001122837 scopus 로고
    • The methanol synthesis - how does it work
    • Chinchen, G.C., Mansfield, K., and Spencer, M.S. (1990) The methanol synthesis - how does it work. Chemtech, 20 (11), 692-699.
    • (1990) Chemtech , vol.20 , Issue.11 , pp. 692-699
    • Chinchen, G.C.1    Mansfield, K.2    Spencer, M.S.3
  • 121
    • 80052265482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methanol
    • in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Release 2003, 6th edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
    • Fiedler, E., Grossmann, G., Kersebohm, D.B. et al. (2003) Methanol, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Release 2003, 6th edition, vol. 21, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, p. 611.
    • (2003) , vol.21 , pp. 611
    • Fiedler, E.1    Grossmann, G.2    Kersebohm, D.B.3
  • 122
    • 0020341349 scopus 로고
    • Methanol synthesis
    • Klier, K. (1982) Methanol synthesis. Advances in Catalysis, 31, 243-313.
    • (1982) Advances in Catalysis , vol.31 , pp. 243-313
    • Klier, K.1
  • 123
    • 0003278753 scopus 로고
    • Classical and non-classical route for alcohol synthesis
    • in New Trends in CO Activation (ed. L. Guczi), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Elsevier, New York
    • Herman, R.G. (1991) Classical and non-classical route for alcohol synthesis, in New Trends in CO Activation (ed. L. Guczi), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, vol. 64, Elsevier, New York, pp. 281-285.
    • (1991) , vol.64 , pp. 281-285
    • Herman, R.G.1
  • 124
    • 0032647631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methanol-to-hydrocarbons: process technology
    • Keil, F.J. (1999) Methanol-to-hydrocarbons: process technology. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 29 (1-2), 49-66.
    • (1999) Microporous and Mesoporous Materials , vol.29 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 49-66
    • Keil, F.J.1
  • 125
    • 84886987365 scopus 로고
    • The manufacture of gasoline and the chemistry of its components
    • Hancock, E.G. (1985) The manufacture of gasoline and the chemistry of its components. Critical Reports on Applied Chemistry, 10, 20-56.
    • (1985) Critical Reports on Applied Chemistry , vol.10 , pp. 20-56
    • Hancock, E.G.1
  • 126
    • 84921499094 scopus 로고
    • Mobil methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process
    • in Handbook of Synfuels Technology (ed R. A. Meyers), McGraw-Hill, New York
    • Kam, A.Y., Schreiner, M., and Yurchak, S. (1984) Mobil methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process, in Handbook of Synfuels Technology (ed R. A. Meyers), McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 2-75-2-111.
    • (1984) , pp. 275-2111
    • Kam, A.Y.1    Schreiner, M.2    Yurchak, S.3
  • 127
    • 0025902461 scopus 로고
    • Methanol to fuels routes - the achievements and remaining problems
    • MacDougall, L.V. (1991) Methanol to fuels routes - the achievements and remaining problems. Catalysis Today, 8, 337-369.
    • (1991) Catalysis Today , vol.8 , pp. 337-369
    • MacDougall, L.V.1
  • 128
    • 0348053971 scopus 로고
    • The Topsoe integrated gasoline synthesis
    • Topp-Jorgensen, J. (1987) The Topsoe integrated gasoline synthesis. Petrole et Techniques, 333, 11-17.
    • (1987) Petrole et Techniques , vol.333 , pp. 11-17
    • Topp-jorgensen, J.1
  • 129
    • 9944261632 scopus 로고
    • Topsoe integrated gasoline synthesis - the TIGAS process
    • in Methane Conversion: Proceedings of a Symposium on the Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Natural Gas, Auckland, April 27-30, 1987 (ed. D. M. Bibby), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Topp-Jorgensen, J. (1988) Topsoe integrated gasoline synthesis - the TIGAS process, in Methane Conversion: Proceedings of a Symposium on the Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Natural Gas, Auckland, April 27-30, 1987 (ed. D. M. Bibby), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 293-305.
    • (1988) , pp. 293-305
    • Topp-jorgensen, J.1
  • 131
    • 34250677661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lurgi MegaMethananol technology - delivering the building blocks for the future fuel and monomer demand
    • Wurzel, T. (2007) Lurgi MegaMethananol technology - delivering the building blocks for the future fuel and monomer demand. Oil Gas - European Magazine, 33 (2), 92-96.
    • (2007) Oil Gas - European Magazine , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 92-96
    • Wurzel, T.1
  • 132
    • 0033216694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-step syngas-todimethyl ether processes for optimal productivity, minimal emissions, and natural gas-derived syngas
    • Peng, X.D., Wang, A.W., Toseland, B.A., and Tijm, P.J.A. (1999) Single-step syngas-todimethyl ether processes for optimal productivity, minimal emissions, and natural gas-derived syngas. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 38 (11), 4381-4388.
    • (1999) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.38 , Issue.11 , pp. 4381-4388
    • Peng, X.D.1    Wang, A.W.2    Toseland, B.A.3    Tijm, P.J.A.4
  • 133
    • 0033137198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of dimethyl ether from natural gas via synthesis gas
    • Shikada, T., Ohno, Y., Ogawa, T. et al. (1999) Synthesis of dimethyl ether from natural gas via synthesis gas. Kinetika i Kataliz (Kinetics and Catalysis), 40 (3), 395-400.
    • (1999) Kinetika i Kataliz (Kinetics and Catalysis) , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 395-400
    • Shikada, T.1    Ohno, Y.2    Ogawa, T.3
  • 134
    • 84886957779 scopus 로고
    • 2-rich syngas in the LPDME process
    • in Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference
    • 2-rich syngas in the LPDME process, in Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, pp. 710-715.
    • (1995) , pp. 710-715
    • Gunda, A.1    Tartamella, T.2    Gogate, M.3    Lee, S.4
  • 136
    • 0033166587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic understanding of the chemical synergy underLPDMEconditions - once-through applications
    • Peng, X.D., B.A. Toseland, and P.J.A. Tijm, (1999) Kinetic understanding of the chemical synergy underLPDMEconditions - once-through applications. Chemical Engineering Science, 54 (13-14), 2787-2792.
    • (1999) Chemical Engineering Science , vol.54 , Issue.13-14 , pp. 2787-2792
    • Peng, X.D.1    Toseland, B.A.2    Tijm, P.J.A.3
  • 137
    • 0002542601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bifunctional catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to dimethyl ether
    • Ge, Q., Huang, Y., Qiu, F., and Li, S. (1998) Bifunctional catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to dimethyl ether. Applied Catalysis A: General, 167 (1), 23-30.
    • (1998) Applied Catalysis A: General , vol.167 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-30
    • Ge, Q.1    Huang, Y.2    Qiu, F.3    Li, S.4
  • 138
  • 139
    • 0025794634 scopus 로고
    • Novel technology for the synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas
    • Brown, D.M., Bhatt, B.L., Hsiung, T.H. et al. (1991) Novel technology for the synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas. Catalysis Today, 8 (3), 279-304.
    • (1991) Catalysis Today , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-304
    • Brown, D.M.1    Bhatt, B.L.2    Hsiung, T.H.3
  • 140
    • 0034688423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in catalytic synthesis and utilization of higher alcohols
    • Herman, R.G. (2000) Advances in catalytic synthesis and utilization of higher alcohols. Catalysis Today, 55 (3), 233-245.
    • (2000) Catalysis Today , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-245
    • Herman, R.G.1
  • 141
    • 0005557570 scopus 로고
    • Classical and non-classical routes for alcohol synthesis
    • in New Trends in CO Activation, (ed. L. Guczi), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Elsevier, New York
    • Herman, R.G. (1991) Classical and non-classical routes for alcohol synthesis, in New Trends in CO Activation, (ed. L. Guczi), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, vol. 64, Elsevier, New York, pp. 265-349.
    • (1991) , vol.64 , pp. 265-349
    • Herman, R.G.1
  • 143
    • 0001588944 scopus 로고
    • Direct catalytic synthesis of higher alcohols from carbon monoxide and hydrogen
    • in Catalysis (ed. P.H. Emmett), Reinhold, New York
    • Natta, G., Colombo, U., and Pasquon, I. (1957) Direct catalytic synthesis of higher alcohols from carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in Catalysis (ed. P.H. Emmett), Reinhold, New York, pp. 131-174.
    • (1957) , pp. 131-174
    • Natta, G.1    Colombo, U.2    Pasquon, I.3
  • 144
    • 33750617906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 oxygenates using supported Rh catalysts in a microchannel reactor
    • 2 oxygenates using supported Rh catalysts in a microchannel reactor. Catalysis Today, 120 (1), 90-95.
    • (2007) Catalysis Today , vol.120 , Issue.1 , pp. 90-95
    • Hu, J.L.1    Wang, Y.2    Cao, C.3
  • 145
    • 42149172662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of recent literature to search for an efficient catalytic process for the conversion of syngas to ethanol
    • Subramani, V. and Gangwal, S.K. (2008) A review of recent literature to search for an efficient catalytic process for the conversion of syngas to ethanol. Energy and Fuels, 22 (2), 814-839.
    • (2008) Energy and Fuels , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 814-839
    • Subramani, V.1    Gangwal, S.K.2
  • 146
    • 0030196501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a mechanistic kinetic model of the higher alcohol synthesis over a Cs-doped Zn/Cr/O catalyst. 1. Model derivation and data fitting
    • Beretta, A., Tronconi, E., Forzatti, P., and Pasquon, I. (1996) Development of a mechanistic kinetic model of the higher alcohol synthesis over a Cs-doped Zn/Cr/O catalyst. 1. Model derivation and data fitting. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 35 (7), 2144-2153.
    • (1996) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 2144-2153
    • Beretta, A.1    Tronconi, E.2    Forzatti, P.3    Pasquon, I.4
  • 147
    • 0022563192 scopus 로고
    • Mixed alcohols from synthesis gas
    • in 78th National AICHe Meeting, New Orleans, LA
    • Quarderer, G.J. (1986) Mixed alcohols from synthesis gas, in 78th National AICHe Meeting, New Orleans, LA.
    • (1986)
    • Quarderer, G.J.1
  • 148
    • 0000115037 scopus 로고
    • Higher alcohol and oxygenate synthesis over cesium-doped copper/zinc oxide catalysts
    • Nunan, J.G., Herman, R.G., and Klier, K. (1989) Higher alcohol and oxygenate synthesis over cesium-doped copper/zinc oxide catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 116 (1), 195-221.
    • (1989) Journal of Catalysis , vol.116 , Issue.1 , pp. 195-221
    • Nunan, J.G.1    Herman, R.G.2    Klier, K.3
  • 149
    • 0000320812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of higher alcohols on copper catalysts supported on alkali-promoted basic oxides
    • Hilmen, A.-M., Xu, M., Gines, M.J.L., and Iglesia, E. (1998) Synthesis of higher alcohols on copper catalysts supported on alkali-promoted basic oxides. Applied Catalysis A: General, 169 (2), 355-372.
    • (1998) Applied Catalysis A: General , vol.169 , Issue.2 , pp. 355-372
    • Hilmen, A.-M.1    Xu, M.2    Gines, M.J.L.3    Iglesia, E.4
  • 151
    • 0022603481 scopus 로고
    • Retrofitting methanol plants for higher alcohols
    • in 78th American Institute of Chemical Engineers, National Meeting, New Orleans, LA
    • Wong, S.F., Patel, M.S., and Storm, D.A. (1986) Retrofitting methanol plants for higher alcohols, in 78th American Institute of Chemical Engineers, National Meeting, New Orleans, LA.
    • (1986)
    • Wong, S.F.1    Patel, M.S.2    Storm, D.A.3
  • 152
    • 45949129367 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas - recently patented catalysts and tentative ideas on the mechanism
    • Xu, X., Doesburg, E.B.M., and Scholten, J.J.F. (1987) Synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas - recently patented catalysts and tentative ideas on the mechanism. Catalysis Today, 2 (1), 125-170.
    • (1987) Catalysis Today , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 125-170
    • Xu, X.1    Doesburg, E.B.M.2    Scholten, J.J.F.3
  • 153
    • 0043030767 scopus 로고
    • Production of methanol-higher alcohol mixtures from natural gas via syngas chemistry
    • Courty, P., Chaumette, P., Raimbault, C., and Travers, Ph. (1990) Production of methanol-higher alcohol mixtures from natural gas via syngas chemistry. Revue de l'Institut Francais du Petrole, 45 (4), 561-578.
    • (1990) Revue de l'Institut Francais du Petrole , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 561-578
    • Courty, P.1    Chaumette, P.2    Raimbault, C.3    Travers, P.4
  • 157
    • 0024607824 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of alcohols from carbon oxides and hydrogen. 17. Higher alcohol synthesis over alkali metal-promoted high-temperature methanol catalysts
    • Tronconi, E., Lietti, L., Forzatti, and Pasquon, I. (1989) Synthesis of alcohols from carbon oxides and hydrogen. 17. Higher alcohol synthesis over alkali metal-promoted high-temperature methanol catalysts. Applied Catalysis, 47 (2), 317-333.
    • (1989) Applied Catalysis , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 317-333
    • Tronconi, E.1    Lietti, L.2    Forzatti3    Pasquon, I.4
  • 158
    • 0037515310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaction and surface characterization study of higher alcohol synthesis catalysts, II. Cs-promoted commercial Zn/Cr spinel
    • Epling, W.S., Hoflund, G.B., Hart, W.M., and Minahan, D.M. (1997) Reaction and surface characterization study of higher alcohol synthesis catalysts, II. Cs-promoted commercial Zn/Cr spinel. Journal of Catalysis, 172 (1), 13-23.
    • (1997) Journal of Catalysis , vol.172 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-23
    • Epling, W.S.1    Hoflund, G.B.2    Hart, W.M.3    Minahan, D.M.4
  • 159
    • 0038025965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaction and surface characterization study of higher alcohol synthesis catalysts. VII. Cs-and Pd-promoted 1:1 Zn/Cr spinel
    • Epling, W.S., Hoflund, G.B., and Minahan, D.M. (1998) Reaction and surface characterization study of higher alcohol synthesis catalysts. VII. Cs-and Pd-promoted 1:1 Zn/Cr spinel. Journal of Catalysis, 175 (2), 175-184.
    • (1998) Journal of Catalysis , vol.175 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-184
    • Epling, W.S.1    Hoflund, G.B.2    Minahan, D.M.3
  • 160
    • 0040289996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher alcohol synthesis reaction study VI: effect of Cr replacement byMnon the performance of Cs-and Cs, Pd-promoted Zn/Cr spinel catalysts
    • Epling, W.S., Hoflund, G.B., and Minahan, D.M. (1999) Higher alcohol synthesis reaction study VI: effect of Cr replacement byMnon the performance of Cs-and Cs, Pd-promoted Zn/Cr spinel catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 183 (2), 335-343.
    • (1999) Applied Catalysis A: General , vol.183 , Issue.2 , pp. 335-343
    • Epling, W.S.1    Hoflund, G.B.2    Minahan, D.M.3
  • 161
    • 0042454942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher alcohol synthesis reaction study using K-promoted ZnO catalysts. III
    • Hoflund, G.B., Epling, W.S., and Minahan, D.M. (1997) Higher alcohol synthesis reaction study using K-promoted ZnO catalysts. III. Catalysis Letters, 45 (1-2), 135-138.
    • (1997) Catalysis Letters , vol.45 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 135-138
    • Hoflund, G.B.1    Epling, W.S.2    Minahan, D.M.3
  • 162
    • 0033232834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient catalyst for the production of isobutanol and methanol from syngas. XI. K-and Pd-promoted Zn/Cr/Mn spinel (excess ZnO)
    • Hoflund, G.B., Epling, W.S., and Minahan, D.M. (1999) An efficient catalyst for the production of isobutanol and methanol from syngas. XI. K-and Pd-promoted Zn/Cr/Mn spinel (excess ZnO). Catalysis Letters, 62 (2-4), 169-173.
    • (1999) Catalysis Letters , vol.62 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 169-173
    • Hoflund, G.B.1    Epling, W.S.2    Minahan, D.M.3
  • 163
    • 0040374695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient catalyst for the production of isobutanol and methanol from syngas. VIII: Cs-and Pd-promoted Zn/Cr spinel (excess ZnO)
    • 3-4+199-203
    • Minahan, D.M., Epling, W.S., and Hoflund, G.B. (1998) An efficient catalyst for the production of isobutanol and methanol from syngas. VIII: Cs-and Pd-promoted Zn/Cr spinel (excess ZnO). Catalysis Letters, 50 (3-4), 199-203.
    • (1998) Catalysis Letters , vol.50
    • Minahan, D.M.1    Epling, W.S.2    Hoflund, G.B.3
  • 164
    • 0041856608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher-alcohol synthesis reaction study. V. Effect of excess ZnO on catalyst performance
    • Minahan, D.M., Epling, W.S., and Hoflund, G.B. (1998) Higher-alcohol synthesis reaction study. V. Effect of excess ZnO on catalyst performance. Applied Catalysis A: General, 166 (2), 375-385.
    • (1998) Applied Catalysis A: General , vol.166 , Issue.2 , pp. 375-385
    • Minahan, D.M.1    Epling, W.S.2    Hoflund, G.B.3
  • 165
    • 0006850351 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of ethanol formation from synthesis gas over copper oxide/zinc oxide/alumina
    • Elliott, D.J. and Pennella, F. (1988) Mechanism of ethanol formation from synthesis gas over copper oxide/zinc oxide/alumina. Journal of Catalysis, 114 (1), 90-99.
    • (1988) Journal of Catalysis , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 90-99
    • Elliott, D.J.1    Pennella, F.2
  • 166
    • 0040858589 scopus 로고
    • A chain growth scheme for the higher alcohols synthesis
    • Smith, K.J. and Anderson, R.B. (1984) A chain growth scheme for the higher alcohols synthesis. Journal of Catalysis, 85 (2), 428-436.
    • (1984) Journal of Catalysis , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 428-436
    • Smith, K.J.1    Anderson, R.B.2
  • 169
    • 84886975185 scopus 로고
    • 5 alcohols from coal-based syngas
    • in Proceedings - Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference
    • 5 alcohols from coal-based syngas, in Proceedings - Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, 6th (2), pp. 739-746.
    • (1989) , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 739-746
    • Dai, L.1    Chen, Z.2    Li, G.3
  • 170
    • 0026866774 scopus 로고
    • Higher alcohols synthesis on cobalt based model catalysts
    • Dalmon, J.A., Chaumette, P., and Mirodatos, C. (1992) Higher alcohols synthesis on cobalt based model catalysts. Catalysis Today, 15 (1), 101-127.
    • (1992) Catalysis Today , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-127
    • Dalmon, J.A.1    Chaumette, P.2    Mirodatos, C.3
  • 171
  • 172
    • 0032073130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed alcohol synthesis from syngas on sulfided K-Mo-based catalysts: influence of support acidity
    • Bian, G.-z., Fan, L., Fu, Y.-l., and Fujimoto, K. (1998) Mixed alcohol synthesis from syngas on sulfided K-Mo-based catalysts: influence of support acidity. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 37 (5), 1736-1743.
    • (1998) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 1736-1743
    • Bian, G.-Z.1    Fan, L.2    Fu, Y.-L.3    Fujimoto, K.4
  • 175
    • 0032182302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher alcohols from synthesis gas using carbon-supported doped molybdenum-based catalysts
    • Li, X., Feng, L., Liu, Z. et al. (1998) Higher alcohols from synthesis gas using carbon-supported doped molybdenum-based catalysts. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 37 (10), 3853-3863.
    • (1998) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.37 , Issue.10 , pp. 3853-3863
    • Li, X.1    Feng, L.2    Liu, Z.3
  • 176
    • 0002545788 scopus 로고
    • 1 chemistry: future and prospect
    • 1 chemistry: future and prospect. Catalysis Letters, 22 (1-2), 67-91.
    • (1993) Catalysis Letters , vol.22 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 67-91
    • Fierro, J.L.G.1
  • 177
    • 84886070189 scopus 로고
    • Dow/Union Carbide Process for Mixed Alcohols from Syngas
    • SRI International, Menol Park, CA
    • Nirula, S.C. (1994) Dow/Union Carbide Process for Mixed Alcohols from Syngas, SRI International, Menol Park, CA.
    • (1994)
    • Nirula, S.C.1
  • 178
    • 38149004822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technoeconomic analysis of a lignocellulosic biomass indirect gasification process to make ethanol via mixed alcohols synthesis
    • Phillips, S.D. (2007) Technoeconomic analysis of a lignocellulosic biomass indirect gasification process to make ethanol via mixed alcohols synthesis. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 46 (26), 8887-8897.
    • (2007) Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research , vol.46 , Issue.26 , pp. 8887-8897
    • Phillips, S.D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.