A complicated role for the renin-angiotensin system during pregnancy: Highlighting the importance of drug discovery

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 857-864

  Darby, Marie ^a   Martin Jr , James N ^a   Lamarca, Babbette ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Angiotensin; Angiotensin II type I receptor; Angiotensin receptor blocker; AT1 AA; Pregnancy

Indexed keywords

ALISKIREN; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN 2 TYPE 1 RECEPTOR AUTOANTIBODY; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; AUTOANTIBODY; CAPTOPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENALAPRIL; HYDRALAZINE; LABETALOL; LOSARTAN; METHYLDOPA; NIFEDIPINE; PARACETAMOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANGIOGENESIS; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; BRAIN DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MALFORMATION; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; DRUG SAFETY; FETUS DEATH; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIMB DEFECT; LUNG HYPOPLASIA; LUNG MALFORMATION; NONHUMAN; OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM BLOCKADE SYNDROME; REVIEW; SECOND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; SIDE EFFECT; SKULL DEFECT; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; STILLBIRTH; THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCY;

ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG DISCOVERY; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM;

EID: 84886619621     PISSN: 14740338     EISSN: 1744764X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2013.823945     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Podymow T, August P. Update on the use of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy. Hypertension 2008;51:960-9
2. Report of the national high blood pressure education program working group on high blood pressure in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183(1):S1-S22
3. Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ, Meher S. Drugs for treatment of very high blood pressure during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006(3):CD001449
4. Peacock WF IV, Hilleman DE, Levy PD, et al. A systematic review of nicardipine vs labetalol for the management of hypertensive crises. Am J Emerg Med 2012;30:981
5. Magee LA, Duley L. Oral beta-blockers for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(4):CD002863
6. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia. ACOG practice bulletin #33 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Washington, DC: 2002
7. Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee Opinion no. 514: Emergent therapy for acute-onset, severe hypertension with preeclampsia or eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2011;118:1465
8. Shotan A, Widerhorn J, Hurst A, et al. Risks of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition during pregnancy: Experimental and clinical evidence, potential mechanisms, and recommendations for use. Am J Med 1994;96:451
9. Cooper WO, Hernandez-Diaz S, Arbogast PG, et al. Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2443
10. Broughton Pipkin F, Symonds EM, Turner SR. The effect of captopril (SQ14,225) upon mother and fetus in the chronically cannulated ewe and in the pregnant rabbit. J Physiol 1982;323:415
11. Keith IM, Will JA, Weir EK. Captopril: Association with fetal death and pulmonary vascular changes in the rabbit. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1982;170:378
12. Ferris TF, Weir EK. Effect of captopril on uterine blood flow and prostaglandin E synthesis in the pregnant rabbit. J Clin Invest 1983;71:809
13. Schubiger G, Flury G, Nussberger J. Enalapril for pregnancy-induced hypertension: Acute renal failure in a neonate. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:215
14. Hanssens M, Keirse MJ, Vankelecom F, et al. Fetal and neonatal effects of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:128
15. Pryde PG, Sedman AB, Nugent CE, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor fetopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993;3:1575
16. Tabacova S, Little R, Tsong Y, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with maternal enalapril antihypertensive treatment. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2003;12:633
17. Hu?nseler C, Paneitz A, Friedrich D, et al. Angiotensin II receptor blocker induced fetopathy: 7 cases. Klin Padiatr 2011;223:10
18. Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD, et al. Creasy and Resnik's maternal-fetal medicine: Principles and practice. Saunders Elsevier; Philadelphia: 2009
19. Gubler MC, Antignac C. Renin-angiotensin system in kidney development: Renal tubular dysgenesis. Kidney Int 2010;77:400
20. Chevalier RL. Mechanisms of fetal and neonatal renal impairment by pharmacologic inhibition of angiotensin. Curr Med Chem 2012;19:4572-80
21. Mao C, Shi L, Xu F, et al. Development of fetal brain renin-angiotensin system and hypertension programming in fetal origins. Prog Neurobiol 2009;87:252
22. Kalenga MK, De Hertogh R, Whitebread S, et al. Distribution of the concentrations of Angiotensin II (A II), AII receptors, hPL, prolactin, and steroids in human fetal membranes. Rev FR Gynecol Obstet 1991;86:585-91
23. Knock GA, Sullivan MH, McCarthy A, et al. Angiotensin II (AT1) vascular binding sites in human placentae from normal-term, preeclamptic and growth retarded pregnancies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994;271:1007-15
24. Li X, Shams M, Shu J, et al. Cellular localization of the AT1 receptor mRNA and protein in normal placenta and its reduced expression in intrauterine growth restriction. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of vasorelaxants. J Clin Invest 1998;101:442-54
25. Anton L, Brosnihan KB. Systemic and uteroplacental renin-angiotensin system in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2008;2:349-62
26. Orbach H, Matok I, Gorodischer R, et al. Hypertension and antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;208(4):301
27. Hjartardottir S, Leifsson BG, Geirsson RT, Steinthorsdottir V. Recurrence of hypertensive disorder in second pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;194:916
28. Brown MA, Mackenzie C, Dunsmuir W, et al. Can we predict recurrence of pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension? BJOG 2007;114:984
29. Sibai BM. Etiology and management of postpartum hypertensionpreeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;206:470-5
30. Roberts JM, Redman CW. Pre-eclampsia: More than pregnancy-induced hypertension. Lancet 1993;341:1447
31. Meekins JW, Pijnenborg R, Hanssens M, et al. A study of placental bed spiral arteries and trophoblast invasion in normal and severe pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;101:669
32. Maynard SE, Karumanchi SA. Angiogenic factors and preeclampsia. Semin Nephrol 2011;31:33
33. Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2012;376:631-44
34. Gruslin A, Lemyre B. Pre-eclampsia: Fetal assesment and neonatal outsomes. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011;25:491-507
35. Sibai BM. Management of late preterm and early-term pregnancies complicated by mild gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia. Semin Perinatol 2011;35:292-6
36. Barton JR, Sibai BM. Prediction and prevention of recurrent preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:359-72
37. Roberts JM, Lain KY. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Placenta 2002;23:359-72
38. Gilbert JS, Ryan MJ, LaMarca BB, et al. Pathophysiology of hypertension during preeclampsia: Linking placental ischemia with endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008;294:541-50
39. Wallukat G, Homuth V, Fischer T, et al. Patients with preeclampsia develop agonistic autoantibodies against the angiotensin AT1 receptor. J Clin Invest 1999;103:945-52
40. Wallukat G, Neichel D, Nissen E, et al. Agonistic autoantibodies directed against the Angiotensin II AT1 receptor in patients with preeclampsia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2003;81:79-83
41. LaMarca B, Parrish MR, Wallace K. Agonistic autoantibodies to the Angiotensin II type I receptor cause pathophysiologic characteristics of preeclampsia. Gend Med 2012;9:139-46
42. Parrish MR, Ryan MJ, Glover P, et al. Angiotensin II type 1 autoantibody induced hypertension during pregnancy is associated with renal endothelial dysfunction. Gend Med 2011;8:184-8
43. Parrish MR, Wallace K, Tam Tam KB, et al. Hypertension in response to AT1- AA: Role of reactive oxygen species in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2011;24:835-40
44. Gant NF, Daley GL, Chand S, et al. A study of the Angiotensin II pressor response throughout primigravid pregnancy. J Clin Invest 1973;52:2682-9
45. Bullo M, Tschumi S, Bucher BS, et al. Pregnancy outcome folowing exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists: A systematic review. Hypertension 2012;60:444
46. Ferrer RL, Sibai M, Mulrow CD, et al. Management of mild chronic hypertension during pregnancy: A review. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:849-60
47. Brigs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: A reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk. 9th edition. Lippincott and Wilkins; Baltimore, MD, USA: 2011
48. Capelari DN, Sanchez SI, Ortega HH, et al. Effects of maternal captopril treatment during late pregnancy on neonatal development in rats. Regul Pept 2012;177:97-106
49. Cooper WO, Hernandez-Diaz S, Arbogast PG, et al. Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2443-51
50. Diav-Citrin O, Shectman S, Halberstadt Y, et al. Pregnancy outcome after in utero exposure to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Reprod Toxicol 2011;31:540-5
51. Li D, Yang C, Andrade S, et al. Maternal exposure to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the first trimester and risk of malformations in offspring: A retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2011;343:d5931
52. Karthikeyan VJ, Ferner RE, Baghdadi S, et al. Are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotension receptor blockers safe in pregnancy: A report of ninety-one pregnancies. J Hypertens 2011;29:396-9
53. Moretti M, Caprara D, Drehuta I, et al. The fetal safety of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers. Obstet Gynecol Int 2012;2012:ID 658310
54. Irani RA, Xia Y. Renin angiotensin signaling in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Semin Nephrol 2011;31:47-58
55. Saxena AR, Karumanchi SA, Brown NJ, et al. Increased sensitivity to Angiotensin II is present postpartum in women with a history of hypertensive pregnancy. Hypertension 2010;55:1239-45
56. Spaanderman ME, Ekhart TH, Leeuw PW, et al. Angiotensin II sensitivity in nonpregnant formerly preeclamptic women and healthy parous controls. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2004;11:416-22
57. Hladunewich MA, Kingdom J, Odutayo A, et al. Postpartum assessment of the renin angiotensin system in women with previous severe, early-onset preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:3517-24
58. Chapman AB, Zumudio S, Woodmansee W, et al. Systemic and renal hemodynamic changes in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle mimic early pregnancy. Am J. Physiol 1997;42:F777-82
59. Chidambaram M, Duncan JA, Lai VS, et al. Variation in the renin angiotensin system throughout the normal menstrual cycle. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13:446-52
60. Chapman AB, Abraham WT, Zamudio S, et al. Temporal relationships between hormonal and hemodynamic changes in early heman pregnancy. Kidney Int 1998;54:2056-63
61. Gordon MS, Chin WW, Shupnik MA. Regulation of angiotensinogen gene expression by estrogen. J Hypertens 1992;10:361-6
62. Maric-Bilkin C, Manigrasso MB. Sex differences in hypertension: Contribution of the renin-angiotensin system. Gend Med 2012;9:287-91
63. LaMarca BB, Wallace K, Granger J. Role of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibodies (AT1-AA) in preeclampsia. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011;11:175-9
64. Hubel CA, Wallukat G, Wolf M, et al. Agonistic angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies in postpartum women with a history of preeclampsia. Hypertension 2007;49:612-17
65. Zhou CC, Zhang Y, Irani RA, et al. Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies induce pre-eclampsia in pregnant mice. Nat Med 2008;14:855-62
66. Irani RA, Zhang Y, Blackwell SC, et al. The detrimental role of angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies in intrauterine growth restriction seen in preeclampsia. J Exp Med 2009;206:2809-22