메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 324-344

Beyond Conformity: Revisiting Classic Studies and Exploring the Dynamics of Resistance

Author keywords

Acts of guard aggression emitted simply as a "natural" consequence of being in the uniform of a "guard"; Beyond conformity, revisiting classic studies exploring dynamics of resistance; Conformity bias in social psychology; Conformity bias in social psychology discipline's tendency to generate theories and data that show only how the status quo is reproduced; Mounting resistance strength through shared social identity; Organising resistance and leadership importance; Resistance yielding weakness through fractured social identity; Social identity theory as a theory of social resistance; Social resistance under the microscope The BBC prison study; Stanford prison experiment (SPE)

Indexed keywords


EID: 84886560973     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444390841.ch17     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (4)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0002624381 scopus 로고
    • Opinions and social pressure
    • Asch, S.E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193, 31-5.
    • (1955) Scientific American , vol.193 , pp. 31-35
    • Asch, S.E.1
  • 2
    • 0003666139 scopus 로고
    • ATheory of Psychological Reactance
    • NewYork: Academic Press
    • Brehm, J.W. (1966).ATheory of Psychological Reactance.NewYork: Academic Press.
    • (1966)
    • Brehm, J.W.1
  • 3
    • 0003874204 scopus 로고
    • Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Batallion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland
    • London: Penguin
    • Browning, C. (1992). Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Batallion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. London: Penguin.
    • (1992)
    • Browning, C.1
  • 4
    • 84926170534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robben Island and Prisoner Resistance to Apartheid
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Buntman, F.L. (2003). Robben Island and Prisoner Resistance to Apartheid. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2003)
    • Buntman, F.L.1
  • 5
    • 79952182744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • their OwnWords: Explaining Obedience through an Examination of Participants' Comment
    • Paper presented at the Meeting of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology, Portland, ME, 15-17 October
    • Burger, J. (2009). In their OwnWords: Explaining Obedience through an Examination of Participants' Comments. Paper presented at the Meeting of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology, Portland, ME, 15-17 October.
    • (2009)
    • Burger, J.1
  • 6
    • 34247615435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: could participant self-selection have led to the cruelty?
    • Carnahan, T. & McFarland, S. (2007). Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: could participant self-selection have led to the cruelty? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 603-14.
    • (2007) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 603-614
    • Carnahan, T.1    McFarland, S.2
  • 7
    • 1542320761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalization of efficacy as a function of collective action and intergroup relations: involvement in an anti-roads struggle
    • Cocking, C. & Drury, J. (2004). Generalization of efficacy as a function of collective action and intergroup relations: involvement in an anti-roads struggle. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34, 417-44.
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 417-444
    • Cocking, C.1    Drury, J.2
  • 8
    • 0007446018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intergroup dynamics of collective empowerment: substantiating the social identity model
    • Drury, J.&Reicher, S. (1999). The intergroup dynamics of collective empowerment: substantiating the social identity model. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 2, 381-402.
    • (1999) Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , vol.2 , pp. 381-402
    • Drury, J.1    Reicher, S.2
  • 9
    • 84951033820 scopus 로고
    • The influence of socio-structural variables on identity enhancement strategies
    • Ellemers, N. (1993). The influence of socio-structural variables on identity enhancement strategies. European Review of Social Psychology, 4, 27-57.
    • (1993) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 27-57
    • Ellemers, N.1
  • 10
    • 0002109936 scopus 로고
    • A study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison
    • Naval Research Reviews (September, Washington, DC: Office of Naval Research [Reprinted in E. Aronson (ed.), Readings about the Social Animal (3rd edition, San Francisco: W.H. Freeman]
    • Haney, C., Banks, C. & Zimbardo, P. (1973). A study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison. Naval Research Reviews (September, pp. 1-17).Washington, DC: Office of Naval Research [Reprinted in E. Aronson (ed.), Readings about the Social Animal (3rd edition, pp. 52-67). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman].
    • (1973)
    • Haney, C.1    Banks, C.2    Zimbardo, P.3
  • 11
    • 0346607033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hundred years of certitude? Social psychology, the experimental method and the management of scientific uncertainty
    • Haslam, S.A. & McGarty, C. (2001). A hundred years of certitude? Social psychology, the experimental method and the management of scientific uncertainty. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 1-21.
    • (2001) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 1-21
    • Haslam, S.A.1    McGarty, C.2
  • 13
    • 84925784386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social identity and the dynamics of organizational life: insights from the BBC Prison Study
    • In C. Bartel, S. Blader & A. Wrzesniewski (eds), Identity and the Modern Organization, New York: Erlbaum
    • Haslam, S.A. & Reicher, S.D. (2006a). Social identity and the dynamics of organizational life: insights from the BBC Prison Study. In C. Bartel, S. Blader & A. Wrzesniewski (eds), Identity and the Modern Organization (pp. 135-66). New York: Erlbaum.
    • (2006) , pp. 135-166
    • Haslam, S.A.1    Reicher, S.D.2
  • 14
    • 33748672500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stressing the group: social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress
    • Haslam, S.A. & Reicher, S.D. (2006b). Stressing the group: social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1037-52.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 1037-1052
    • Haslam, S.A.1    Reicher, S.D.2
  • 15
    • 34547143796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identity entrepreneurship and the consequences of identity failure: the dynamics of leadership in the BBC Prison Study
    • Haslam, S.A. & Reicher, S.D. (2007a). Identity entrepreneurship and the consequences of identity failure: the dynamics of leadership in the BBC Prison Study. Social Psychology Quarterly, 70, 125-47.
    • (2007) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.70 , pp. 125-147
    • Haslam, S.A.1    Reicher, S.D.2
  • 16
    • 34247624021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the banality of evil: three dynamics of an interactionist social psychology of tyranny
    • Haslam, S.A. & Reicher, S.D. (2007b). Beyond the banality of evil: three dynamics of an interactionist social psychology of tyranny. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 615-22.
    • (2007) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 615-622
    • Haslam, S.A.1    Reicher, S.D.2
  • 17
    • 84886497068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Social Psychology of Resistance: Prison Studies and the Case for a More Expansive Theoretical Imagination
    • Unpublished manuscript, Universities of Exeter and St Andrews
    • Haslam, S.A. & Reicher, S.D. (2009). The Social Psychology of Resistance: Prison Studies and the Case for a More Expansive Theoretical Imagination. Unpublished manuscript, Universities of Exeter and St Andrews.
    • (2009)
    • Haslam, S.A.1    Reicher, S.D.2
  • 18
    • 75849143781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New Psychology of Leadership
    • London: Psychology Press
    • Haslam, S.A., Reicher, S.D.&Platow, M.J. (2010). The New Psychology of Leadership. London: Psychology Press.
    • (2010)
    • Haslam, S.A.1    Reicher, S.D.2    Platow, M.J.3
  • 20
    • 0004175209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Social Psychology of Collective Action: Identity, Injustice and Gender
    • London: Taylor & Francis
    • Kelly, C. & Breinlinger, S. (1996). The Social Psychology of Collective Action: Identity, Injustice and Gender. London: Taylor & Francis.
    • (1996)
    • Kelly, C.1    Breinlinger, S.2
  • 21
    • 78049232472 scopus 로고
    • Against all Hope: Resistance in the Nazi Concentration Camps 1938-1945
    • London: Constable
    • Langbein, H. (1995). Against all Hope: Resistance in the Nazi Concentration Camps 1938-1945. London: Constable.
    • (1995)
    • Langbein, H.1
  • 22
    • 0003671531 scopus 로고
    • If This is a Man
    • London: Abacus
    • Levi, P. (1958/1987). If This is a Man. London: Abacus.
    • (1958)
    • Levi, P.1
  • 23
    • 0037287618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Times, theories and practices in social psychology
    • Levine, R.M. (2003). Times, theories and practices in social psychology. Theory and Psychology, 13, 53-72.
    • (2003) Theory and Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 53-72
    • Levine, R.M.1
  • 24
    • 0003555042 scopus 로고
    • Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela
    • London: Abacus
    • Mandela, N. (1994). Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. London: Abacus.
    • (1994)
    • Mandela, N.1
  • 25
    • 0010712501 scopus 로고
    • Theses on Feuerbach
    • In K. Marx. & J. Engels (eds), Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, trans L. S. Feuer). Garden City, NY: Doubleday
    • Marx, K. (1845). Theses on Feuerbach. In K. Marx. & J. Engels (eds), Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy (pp. 243-5; trans L. S. Feuer). Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
    • (1845) , pp. 243-245
    • Marx, K.1
  • 26
    • 59349111597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political imprisonment and the 'war on terror'
    • In Y. Jewkes (ed.), Handbook of Prisons, Cullompton: Willan
    • McEvoy, K., McConnachie, K. & Jamieson, R. (2007). Political imprisonment and the 'war on terror'. In Y. Jewkes (ed.), Handbook of Prisons (pp. 293-323). Cullompton: Willan.
    • (2007) , pp. 293-323
    • McEvoy, K.1    McConnachie, K.2    Jamieson, R.3
  • 28
    • 0003550918 scopus 로고
    • Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View
    • New York: Harper & Row
    • Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. New York: Harper & Row.
    • (1974)
    • Milgram, S.1
  • 29
    • 0003432286 scopus 로고
    • Social Influence and Social Change
    • London: Academic Press
    • Moscovici, S. (1976). Social Influence and Social Change. London: Academic Press.
    • (1976)
    • Moscovici, S.1
  • 30
    • 0001245765 scopus 로고
    • Social influence, conformity bias, and the study of active minorities
    • In L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academic Press
    • Moscovici, S. & Faucheux, C. (1972). Social influence, conformity bias, and the study of active minorities. In L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 149-202) New York: Academic Press.
    • (1972) , pp. 149-202
    • Moscovici, S.1    Faucheux, C.2
  • 31
    • 0014621330 scopus 로고
    • Influence of a consistent minority on responses of a majority in a color perception task
    • Moscovici, S., Lage, E.&Naffrechoux, M. (1969). Influence of a consistent minority on responses of a majority in a color perception task. Sociometry, 32, 365-80.
    • (1969) Sociometry , vol.32 , pp. 365-380
    • Moscovici, S.1    Lage, E.2    Naffrechoux, M.3
  • 32
    • 84886523259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auschwitz: The Nazis and the 'Final Solution'
    • London: BBC Books
    • Rees, L. (2005). Auschwitz: The Nazis and the 'Final Solution'. London: BBC Books.
    • (2005)
    • Rees, L.1
  • 33
    • 0030558616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Battle of Westminster': developing the social identity model of crowd behaviour in order to explain the initiation and development of collective conflict
    • Reicher, S.D. (1996). 'The Battle of Westminster': developing the social identity model of crowd behaviour in order to explain the initiation and development of collective conflict. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 115-34.
    • (1996) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 115-134
    • Reicher, S.D.1
  • 34
    • 33644790547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: the BBC Prison Experiment
    • Reicher, S.D. & Haslam, S.A. (2006a). Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: the BBC Prison Experiment. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 1-40.
    • (2006) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 1-40
    • Reicher, S.D.1    Haslam, S.A.2
  • 35
    • 84949545867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the agency of individuals and groups: lessons from the BBC Prison Experiment
    • In T. Postmes & J. Jetten (Eds), Individuality and the Group: Advances in Social Identity, London: Sage
    • Reicher, S.D. & Haslam, S.A. (2006b). On the agency of individuals and groups: lessons from the BBC Prison Experiment. In T. Postmes & J. Jetten (Eds), Individuality and the Group: Advances in Social Identity (pp. 237-57) London: Sage.
    • (2006) , pp. 237-257
    • Reicher, S.D.1    Haslam, S.A.2
  • 36
    • 84886494713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change we can believe in: the role of social identity, cognitive alternatives and leadership in group mobilization and social transformation
    • In B. Wagoner, E. Jensen & J. Oldmeadow (eds), Culture and Social Change: Transforming Society through the Power of Ideas. London: Routledge
    • Reicher, S.D. & Haslam, S.A. (in press). Change we can believe in: the role of social identity, cognitive alternatives and leadership in group mobilization and social transformation. In B. Wagoner, E. Jensen & J. Oldmeadow (eds), Culture and Social Change: Transforming Society through the Power of Ideas. London: Routledge.
    • Reicher, S.D.1    Haslam, S.A.2
  • 37
    • 23844477003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social identity and the dynamics of leadership: leaders and followers as collaborative agents in the transformation of social reality
    • Reicher, S.D., Haslam, S.A. & Hopkins, N. (2005). Social identity and the dynamics of leadership: leaders and followers as collaborative agents in the transformation of social reality. Leadership Quarterly, 16, 547-68.
    • (2005) Leadership Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 547-568
    • Reicher, S.D.1    Haslam, S.A.2    Hopkins, N.3
  • 38
    • 21944444045 scopus 로고
    • L'Univers Concentrationnaire
    • Paris: Editions de Minuit
    • Rousset, D. (1965). L'Univers Concentrationnaire. Paris: Editions de Minuit.
    • (1965)
    • Rousset, D.1
  • 39
    • 84859405448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Third Parties on Resistance amongst Oppressed Groups
    • Unpublished manuscript, University of Exeter
    • Saroyan, S. (2009). The Impact of Third Parties on Resistance amongst Oppressed Groups. Unpublished manuscript, University of Exeter.
    • (2009)
    • Saroyan, S.1
  • 40
    • 85047686262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politicized collective identity: a social psychological analysis
    • Simon, B. & Klandermans, B. (2001). Politicized collective identity: a social psychological analysis. American Psychologist, 56, 319-31.
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , pp. 319-331
    • Simon, B.1    Klandermans, B.2
  • 41
    • 84886468136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The human behavior experiments': What can be done in the name of obedience
    • June 1, The New York Times, Retrieved 7 June 2006
    • Stanley, A. (2006, June 1). 'The human behavior experiments': What can be done in the name of obedience. The New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2006/06/01/arts/television/01huma.html (Retrieved 7 June 2006).
    • (2006)
    • Stanley, A.1
  • 42
    • 33846379979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in the collective behaviour of England fans at Euro2004: 'hooliganism', public order policing and social change
    • Stott, C., Adang, O., Livingstone, A. & Schreiber, M., (2007). Variability in the collective behaviour of England fans at Euro2004: 'hooliganism', public order policing and social change. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 75-100.
    • (2007) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 75-100
    • Stott, C.1    Adang, O.2    Livingstone, A.3    Schreiber, M.4
  • 43
    • 0035462658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Hooligans' abroad: intergroup dynamics, social identity and participation in collective 'disorder' at the 1998 World Cup finals
    • Stott, C., Hutchison, P. & Drury, J. (2001). 'Hooligans' abroad: intergroup dynamics, social identity and participation in collective 'disorder' at the 1998 World Cup finals. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 359-84.
    • (2001) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 359-384
    • Stott, C.1    Hutchison, P.2    Drury, J.3
  • 44
    • 54249135374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The political solidarity model of social change: dynamics of self-categorization in intergroup power relations
    • Subasic, E., Reynolds, K.J. & Turner, J.C. (2008). The political solidarity model of social change: dynamics of self-categorization in intergroup power relations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 330-52.
    • (2008) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.12 , pp. 330-352
    • Subasic, E.1    Reynolds, K.J.2    Turner, J.C.3
  • 45
    • 85050171309 scopus 로고
    • Some developments in European social psychology
    • Tajfel, H. (1972). Some developments in European social psychology. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 307-22.
    • (1972) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 307-322
    • Tajfel, H.1
  • 46
    • 0002648720 scopus 로고
    • Interindividual behaviour and intergroup behaviour
    • In H. Tajfel (ed.), Differentiation between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, London: Academic Press
    • Tajfel, H. (1978). Interindividual behaviour and intergroup behaviour. In H. Tajfel (ed.), Differentiation between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 27-60). London: Academic Press.
    • (1978) , pp. 27-60
    • Tajfel, H.1
  • 47
    • 0038382615 scopus 로고
    • An integrative theory of intergroup conflict
    • In W.G. Austin & S. Worchel (eds), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole
    • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J.C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W.G. Austin & S. Worchel (eds), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
    • (1979) , pp. 33-47
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 48
    • 0004302106 scopus 로고
    • History of the Russian Revolution
    • London: Pluto
    • Trotsky, L. (1981). History of the Russian Revolution. London: Pluto.
    • (1981)
    • Trotsky, L.1
  • 49
    • 0002881685 scopus 로고
    • Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group
    • In H. Tajfel (ed.), Social Identity and Intergroup Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Turner, J.C. (1982). Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group. In H. Tajfel (ed.), Social Identity and Intergroup Relations (pp. 15-40). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1982) , pp. 15-40
    • Turner, J.C.1
  • 50
    • 0004107016 scopus 로고
    • Social Influence
    • Milton Keynes: Open University Press
    • Turner, J.C. (1991). Social Influence. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
    • (1991)
    • Turner, J.C.1
  • 51
    • 33644788166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyranny, freedom and social structure: escaping our theoretical prisons
    • Turner, J.C. (2006). Tyranny, freedom and social structure: escaping our theoretical prisons. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 41-6.
    • (2006) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 41-46
    • Turner, J.C.1
  • 52
    • 0002443580 scopus 로고
    • Social status, cognitive alternatives and intergroup relations
    • In H. Tajfel (ed.), Differentiation between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, London: Academic Press
    • Turner, J.C. & Brown, R.J. (1978). Social status, cognitive alternatives and intergroup relations. In H. Tajfel (ed.), Differentiation between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 201-34). London: Academic Press.
    • (1978) , pp. 201-234
    • Turner, J.C.1    Brown, R.J.2
  • 53
    • 0032369686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responding to tokenism: individual action in the face of collective injustice
    • Wright, S.C. & Taylor, D.M. (1998). Responding to tokenism: individual action in the face of collective injustice. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 647-67.
    • (1998) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 647-667
    • Wright, S.C.1    Taylor, D.M.2
  • 54
    • 0000635573 scopus 로고
    • Responding to membership in a disadvantaged group: from acceptance to collective protest
    • Wright, S.C., Taylor, D.M. & Moghaddam, F.M. (1990). Responding to membership in a disadvantaged group: from acceptance to collective protest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 994-1003.
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 994-1003
    • Wright, S.C.1    Taylor, D.M.2    Moghaddam, F.M.3
  • 55
    • 42649120289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil
    • London: Random House
    • Zimbardo, P. (2007). The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil. London: Random House.
    • (2007)
    • Zimbardo, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.