Two-Track Mind: Formulaic and Novel Language Support a Dual-Process Model

The Handbook of the Neuropsychology of Language

Volumn 1, Issue , 2012, Pages 342-367

  van Lancker Sidtis, Diana ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebral processing; Continuum of nonpropositional speech; Conventionalized meaning, utterances; Dual process model of language; Evaluation techniques; Formulaic language, formulaic expressions; Structural descriptive approach; Subcortical nuclei, formulaic language; Two track mind, a dual process model

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886350774     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118432501.ch17     Document Type: Chapter

References (133)

1. Aijmer, K. (1996). Conversational routines in English. London, New York: Longman.
2. Altenberg, B. (1998). On the phraseology of spoken English: The evidence of recurrent word-combinations. In A. P. Cowie (Ed.),, Phraseology: Theory, analysis and application (pp. 101-124). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3. Belánger, N., Baum, S., & Titone, D. (2009). Use of prosodic cues in the production of idiomatic and literal sentences by individuals with right-and left-hemisphere damage. Brain and Language, 110, 38-42.
4. Bell, R. A., & Healey, J. G. (1992). Idiomatic communication and interpersonal solidarity in friends'relational cultures. Human Communication Research, 3, 307-335.
5. Blank, S. C., Scott, S., Murphy, K., Warburton, E., & Wise, R. (2002). Speech production: Wernicke, Broca and beyond. Brain, 125, 1829-1838.
6. Bobrow, S., & Bell, S., (1973). On catching on to idiomatic expressions. Memory and Cognition, 19, 295-308.
7. Bogdashina, O. (2005). Communication issues in autism and Aspergers syndrome. Do we speak the same language?London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
8. Bogen, J. E. (1969). The other side of the brain II: An appositional mind. Bulletin of the Los Angeles Neurological Societies, 324, 191-219.
9. Bookheimer, S. Y., Zeffiro, T. A., Blaxton, T. A., Gaillard, P. W., & Theodore, W. H. (2000). Activation of language cortex with automatic speech tasks. Neurology, 55, 1151-7.
10. Bridges, K., & Sidtis, D. (2010). Language studies in early and late onset Alzheimer' s disease. Paper presented at FLaRN Conference, Paderborn, Germany.
11. Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-93.
12. Brownell, H. H., Gardner, H., Prather, P., & Martino, G. (1995). Language, communication, and the right hemisphere. In H. S. Kirshner (Ed.),, Handbook of neurological speech and language disorders(vol. 33, pp. 325-349). London: Informa Healthcare.
13. Burt, J. S. (1992). Against the lexical representation of idioms. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 46(4), 582-605.
14. Cacciari C., & Tabossi P. (1988). The comprehension of idioms. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 668-683.
15. Cheney, D. L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (1980). Vocal recognition in free-ranging vervet monkeys. Animal Behavior, 28, 362-367.
16. Cheney, D. L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990). How monkeys see the world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17. Clark, H. H. (1970). Word associations and linguistic theory. In J. Lyons (Ed.),, New horizons in linguistics(pp. 271-286). Baltimore: Penguin Books.
18. Code, C. (1994). Speech automatism production in aphasia. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 8(2), 135-148.
19. Code, C. (2005). First in, last out? The evolution of aphasic lexical speech automatisms to agrammatism and the evolution of human communication. Interaction Studies, 6, 311-334.
20. Cohen, D. J., & Volkmar, F. R. (Eds.). (1997). Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. New York: Wiley & Sons.
21. Coulmas, F. (1994). Formulaic language. In R.E. Asher (Ed.),, Encyclopedia of language and linguistics(pp. 1292-1293). Oxford: Pergamon.
22. Cutler, A., (1982). Idioms: The colder the older. Linguistic Inquiry, 13, 3178-320.
23. Cutting, J. C., & Bock, K. (1997). That's the way the cookie bounces: Syntactic and semantic components of experimentally elicited idiom blends. Memory-Cognition, 25(1), 57-71.
24. Dietrich, S., Hertrich, I., Alter, K., Ischebeck, A., & Ackermann, H. (2008). Understanding the emotional expression of verbal interjections: A functional MRI study. NeuroReport, 19(18), 1751-1755.
25. Dobbinson, S., Perkins, M. R., & Boucher, J. (2003). The interactional significance of formulas in autistic language. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 17(4), 299-307.
26. Drews, E. (1987). Quantitatively different organization structure of lexical knowledge in the left and right hemisphere. Neuropsychologia, 25, 419-427.
27. Estill, R. B., & Kemper, S., (1982). Interpreting idioms. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 11, 559-569.
28. Fellbaum, C. (Ed.). (2007). Idioms and collocations: Corpus-based linguistic and lexicographic studies (corpus and discourse) research in corpus and discourse. Birmingham, UK: Continuum Press.
29. Fillmore, C. (1979). On fluency. In C. J. Fillmore, D. Kempler & W. S.-Y. Wang (Eds.),, Individual differences in language ability and language behavior(pp. 85-102). London: Academic Press.
30. Fraser, B. (1970). Idioms within a transformation grammar. Foundations of Language, 6, 22-42.
31. Gardner, H., Brownell, H. H., Wapner, W., & Michelow, D. (1983). Missing the point: The role of the right hemisphere in the processing of complex linguistic materials. In E. Perecman (Ed.),, Cognitive processing in the right hemisphere(pp. 169-192). New York: Academic Press.
32. Gibbs, R. W. (1980). Spilling the beans on understanding and memory for idioms in conversation. Memory and Cognition, 8(2), 149-156.
33. Gibbs, R. W. (1981). Your wish is my command: Convention and context in interpreting indirect requests. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 431-444.
34. Gibbs, R. W. (1994). The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and understanding. New York: Cambridge University Press.
35. Gibbs, R. W., & Gonzales, G. P., (1985). Syntactic frozenness in processing and remembering idioms. Cognition, 20, 243-259.
36. Gibbs, R. W., Nayak, N. P., Bolton, J. L., & Keppel, M. E. (1989). Speaker's assumptions about the lexical flexibility of idioms. Memory and Cognition, 17(1), 58-68.
37. Gibbs, R. W., Nayak, N. P., & Cutting, C. (1989). How to kick the bucket and not decompose: analyzability and idiom processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 576-593.
38. Goldinger, S. D. (1996). Words and voices: Episodic trace in spoken work identification and recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(5), 1166-1183.
39. Graves, R., & Landis, T. (1985). Hemispheric control of speech expression in aphasia. Archives of Neurology, 42, 249-251.
40. Graybiel, A. M. (1998). The basal ganglia and chunking of action repertoires. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 70, 119-136.
41. Gurevich, O., Johnson, M. A., & Goldberg, A. E. (2010). Incidental verbatim memory for language. Language and Cognition, 2(1), 45-78.
42. Hain, M. (1951). Sprichwort und Volkssprache. Giessen: Wilhelm Schmitz Verlag. English trans., in D. Sidtis & S. Mohr (Eds.), Formulaic language in the field, Anja Tachler, translator. Copyright.
43. Heringer, J. T. (1976). Idioms and lexicalization in English. In Shibetani, M. (Ed.),, Syntax and semantics(vol. 6). New York: Academic Press.
44. Hillert, D., & Swinney, D. (2001). The processing of fixed expressions during sentence comprehension. In A. Cienki, B. J. Luka, & M. B. Smith (Eds.),, Conceptual and discourse factors in linguistic structure(pp. 107-1210). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
45. Horn, G. (1985). Memory, imprinting and the brain. Oxford Psychology Series No. 10. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
46. Horowitz, L. M., & Manelis, L. (1973). Recognition and cued recall of idioms and phrases. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 100, 291-296.
47. Hughlings Jackson, J. (1874). On the nature of the duality of the brain. In J. Taylor (Ed.),, Selected writings of John Hughlings Jackson(vol. 2, pp. 129-145). London: Hodder & Stoughton.
48. Illes, J., Metter, E. J., Hanson, W. R., & Iritani, S. (1988). Language production in Parkinson's disease: Acoustic and linguistic considerations. Brain and Language, 33, 146-160.
49. Jackendoff, R. (1995). The boundaries of the lexicon. In M. Everaert, E. van der Linden, A. Schenk & R. Schreuder (Eds.),, Idioms: Structural and psychological perspectives (pp. 133-166). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
50. Jaynes, J. (1976). The origin of consciousness in the breakdown of the bicameral mind. Boston MA: Houghton Mifflin.
51. Joanette, Y., & Brownell, H. (Eds.). (1990). Discourse ability and brain damage: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. New York: Springer-Verlag.
52. Jürgens, U. (2002). Neural pathways underlying vocal control. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 26(2), 235-258.
53. Kacinik, N. A., & Chiarello, C. (2007). Understanding metaphors: Is the right hemisphere uniquely involved? Brain and Language, 100(2), 188-207.
54. Kempler, D., & Van Lancker, D. (1993). Acquisition and loss of familiar language: Idiom and proverb comprehension. In F. R. Eckman (Ed.),, Language acquisition and language disorders(vol. 4, Confluence: Linguistics, L2 acquisition, speech pathology, pp. 249-257). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: J. Benjamins.
55. Kempler, D., & Van Lancker, D. (1996). The Formulaic and Novel Language Comprehension Test (FANL-C). Copyright. (For complete test materials, see http://blog.emerson.edu/daniel_kempler/fanlc.html).
56. Kempler, D., & Van Lancker, D. (2002). The effect of speech task on intelligibility in dysarthria: Case study of Parkinson's disease. Brain and Language, 80, 449-464.
57. Kempler, D., Van Lancker, D., Marchman, V., & Bates, E. (1999). Idiom comprehension in children and adults with unilateral brain damage. Developmental Neuropsychology, 15(3), 327-349.
58. Kempler, D., Van Lancker, D., & Read, S. (1988). Comprehension of idioms and proverbs by Alzheimer patients. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders-An International Journal, 2, 38-49.
59. Kitzinger, C., (2000). How to resist an idiom. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33, 121-154.
60. Knowlton, B., Mangels, J., & Squire, L. (1996). A neostratal habit learning system in humans. Science, 273, 1399-1402.
61. Kreiman, J., & Sidtis, D. (2011). Foundations of voice studies: Interdisciplinary approaches to the production and perception of voice. Boston: Wiley-Blackwell.
62. Kuiper, K. (2009). Formulaic genres. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
63. Kuiper, K., van Egmond, M., Kempen, G., & Sprenger, S. (2007). Slipping on superlemmas: Multi-word lexical items in speech production. The Mental Lexicon, 2(3), 313-357.
64. Lieberman, P. (1963). Some effects of semantic and grammatical context on the production and perception of speech. Language and Speech, 6, 172-187.
65. Lieberman, P. (2002). Human language and our reptilian brain: The subcortical bases of speech, syntax, and thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
66. Locke, J. L. (1993). The child's path to spoken language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
67. Locke, J. L. (1995). Development of the capacity for spoken language. In P. Fletcher & B. MacWhinney (Eds.),, The handbook of child language(pp. 278-302). Oxford: Blackwell.
68. Locke, J. L., & Bogin, B. (2006). Language and life history: A new perspective on the development and evolution of human language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29, 259-325.
69. Lounsbury, F.G. (1963). Linguistics and psychology. In S. Koch (Ed.),, Psychology: Study of a science(pp. 553-582). New York: McGraw-Hill.
70. Ludlow C. L. (2005). Central nervous system control of the laryngeal muscles in humans. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology, 147, 205-222.
71. Lum, C. C., & Ellis, A. W. (1994). Is nonpropositional speech preserved in aphasia? Brain and Language, 46, 368-391.
72. MacLean, P. D. (1990). The triune brain in evolution. New York: Plenum.
73. Marler, P. (1998). Animal communication and human language. In G. Jablonski & L. C. Aiello (Eds.),, The origin and diversification of language. Wattis Symposium Series in Anthropology. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, No. 24 (pp. 1-19). San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences.
74. Marsden, C. D. (1982). The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia: The Robert Wartenberg lecture. Neurology, 32, 514-539.
75. Moon, R. E. (1998). Fixed expressions and text: A study of the distribution and textual behaviour of fixed expressions in English. Oxford Studies in Lexicology and Lexicography. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
76. Nunberg, G., Sag, I. A., & Wasow, T. (1994). Idioms. Language, 70, 491-538.
77. Osgood, C., & Hoosain, R. (1974). Salience of the word as a unit in the perception of language. Perception and Psychophysics, 15, 168-192.
78. Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
79. Panksepp, J. (2003). At the interface of affective, behavioral and cognitive neurosciences: Decoding the emotional feelings of the brain. Brain and Cognition, 52, 4-14.
80. Panksepp, J., & Burgdoff, J. (2003). " Laughing " rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy? Physiology and Behavior, 79, 533-547.
81. Papagno, C., & Caporali, A. (2007). Testing idiom comprehension in aphasic patients: The effects of task and idiom type. Brain and Language, 100(2), 208-220.
82. Papagno, C., Curti, R., Rizzo, S., Crippa, F., & Colombo, M. R. (2006). Is the right hemisphere involved in idiom comprehension? A neuropsychological study. Neuropsychology, 20(5), 598-606.
83. Papagno, C., & Genoni, A. (2004). The role of syntactic competence in idiom comprehension: A study on aphasic patients. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 17, 371-382.
84. Papagno, C., Lucchelli, F., Muggia, S., & Rizzo, S., (2003). Idiom comprehension in Alzheimer' s disease: The role of the central executive. Brain, 126, 2419-2430.
85. Papagno, C., Tabossi, P., Colombo, M., & Zampetti, P. (2004). Idiom comprehension in aphasic patients. Brain and Language, 89(1), 226-234.
86. Paul, R. (2004). Autism. In R. D. Kent (Ed.),, The MIT handbook of communication disorders (pp. 151-120). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
87. Pawley, A., & Syder, F. H. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency. In J. C. Richards & R. Schmidt (Eds.),, Language and Communication (pp. 191-225). London: Longman.
88. Peters, A. M. (1977). Language-learning strategies: Does the whole equal the sum of the parts? Language, 53, 560-573.
89. Peters, A. M. (1983). The units of language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
90. Petrovici, J.-N. (1980). Speech disturbances following stereotaxic surgery in ventrolateral thalamus us. N eurosurgical Review, 3(3), 189-195.
91. Pickens, J. D., & Pollio, H. R. (1979). Patterns of figurative language competence in adult speakers. Psychological Research, 40, 299-313.
92. Ploog, D. (1975). Vocal behavior and its " localization " as prerequisite for speech. In K. J. Zülch, O. Creutzfeldt, & G. C. Galbraith (Eds.),, Cerebral localization. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
93. Postman-Caucheteux, W. A., Hoffman, S., Picchioni, D., McArdle, J., Birn, R., & Braun, A. (2007). Distinct activation patterns for accurate vs. inaccurate naming of actions and objects: An fMRI study with stroke patients with chronic aphasia. Brain and Language, 103, 150-151.
94. Prizant, B. M. (1983). Language acquisition and communicative behavior in autism: Toward an understanding of the " whole " of it. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 48, 296-307.
95. Prizant, B. M., & Duchan, J. (1981). The functions of immediate echolalia in autistic children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 46, 241-249.
96. Reuterskiold, K., & Sidtis, D. (submitted). Incidental learning of formulaic expressions.
97. Rogers, T., Sidtis, D., & Sidtis, J. (2010, March). Formulaic language production and comprehension in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Paper presented at FLaRN Conference, Paderborn, Germany.
98. Schaltenbrand, G. (1965). The effects of stereotactic electrical stimulation in the depth of the brain. Brain, 88, 835-840.
99. Sidtis, D. (2011). Teaching " Linguistic approaches to nonliteral language ": We really knew how to have fun. In K. Kuiper (Ed.),, Teaching Linguistics(pp. 110-136). England: Equinox.
100. Sidtis, D., Canterucci, G., & Katsnelson, D. (2009). Effects of neurological damage on production of formulaic language. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 23(15), 270-284.
101. Sidtis, D., Rogers, T., Godier, V., Tagliati, M., & Sidtis, J. J. (2010). Voice and fluency changes as a function of speech task and deep brain stimulation. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 531167-1177.
102. Sidtis, J. J. (2007). Some problems for representation of brain organization based on activation in functional imaging. Brain and Language, 102, 130-140.
103. Simon, H. A. (1974). How big is a chunk? Science, 183, 482-448.
104. Simon, H. A., Zhang, W., Zang, W., & Peng, R. (1989). STM capacity for Chinese words and idioms with visual and auditory presentations. In H. A. Simon (Ed.),, Models of thought (Vol. 2, pp. 68-75). New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
105. Smolka, E., Rabanus, S., & Rösler, F. (2007). Processing verbs in German idioms: Evidence against the configuration hypothesis. Metaphor and Symbol, 22(3), 213-231.
106. Speedie, L. J., Wertman, E., T'air, J., & Heilman, K. M. (1993). Disruption of automatic speech following a right basal ganglia lesion. Neurology, 43, 1768-1774.
107. Sprenger, S. A. (2003). Fixed expressions and the production of idioms. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Nijmegen.
108. Swinney, D. A., & Cutler, A. (1979). The access and processing of idiomatic expressions. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 523-534.
109. Titone, D.A., & Connine, C. M. (1999). On the compositional and noncompositional nature of idiomatic expressions. Journal of Pragmatics, 31, 1655-1674.
110. Van Lancker, D. (1973). Language lateralization and grammars. In John Kimball (Ed.),, Studies in syntax and semantics(vol. 2, pp. 197-204). New York: Academic Press.
111. Van Lancker, D. (1979). Review of the book T he origin of consciousness in the breakdown of the bicameral mind, by Julian Jaynes. Forum Linguisticum, 4, 72-91.
112. Van Lancker, D. (1988). Nonpropositional speech: Neurolinguistic studies. In Andrew Ellis (Ed.),, Progress in the psychology of language(pp. 49-118). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
113. Van Lancker, D. (1994). Nonpropositional speech in aphasia. In G. Blanken, J. Dittmann, J. Grimm, J. C. Marshall, & C.-W. Wallesch (Eds.),, Linguistic disorders and pathologies: An international handbook(pp. 215-225). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
114. Van Lancker, D., & Canter, G. J. (1981). Idiomatic versus literal interpretations of ditropically ambiguous sentences. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 46, 64-69.
115. Van Lancker, D., Canter, J., & Terbeek, D. (1981). Disambiguation of ditropic sentences: Acoustic and phonetic cues. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 24, 330-335.
116. Van Lancker, D., & Cummings, J. (1999). Expletives: Neurolinguistic and neurobehavioral perspectives on swearing. Brain Research Reviews, 31, 83-104.
117. Van Lancker, D., & Kempler, D. (1987). Comprehension of familiar phrases by left but not by right hemisphere damaged patients. Brain and Language, 32, 265-277.
118. Van Lancker, D., McIntosh, R., & Grafton, R. (2003). PET activation studies comparing two speech tasks widely used in surgical mapping. Brain and Language, 85, 245-261.
119. Van Lancker Sidtis, D. (2004). When novel sentences spoken or heard for the first time in the history of the universe are not enough: Toward a dual-process model of language. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 39(1), 1-44.
120. Van Lancker Sidtis, D. (2006). Has neuroimaging solved the problems of neurolinguistics? Brain and Language, 98, 276-290.
121. Van Lancker Sidtis, D. (2008). Formulaic and novel language in a " dual process " model of language competence: Evidence from surveys, speech samples, and schemata. In R. L. Corrigan, E. A. Moravcsik, H. Ouali & K. M. Wheatley (Eds.),, Formulaic language(vol. 2, Acquisition, loss, psychological reality, functional applications, pp. 151-176). Amsterdam: Benjamins Publishing Co.
122. Van Lancker Sidtis, D. (2010). Formulaic and novel expressions in mind and brain: Empirical studies and a dual process model of language competence. In J. Guendouzi, F. Loncke, & M. Williams (Eds.),, The handbook of psycholinguistic and cognitive processes: Perspectives in communication disorders. London: Taylor & Francis.
123. Van Lancker Sidtis, D., & Postman, W. A. (2006). Formulaic expressions in spontaneous speech of left-and right-hemisphere damaged subjects. Aphasiology, 20(5), 411-426.
124. Van Lancker Sidtis, D., & Rallon, G. (2004). Tracking the incidence of formulaic expressions in everyday speech: Methods for classification and verification. Language and Communication, 24, 207-240.
125. Van Lancker Sidtis, D., Kempler, D., Ahn, J.-S., & Yang, S.-Y. (2011). Results of the Comprehensive Nonliteral Language Protocol on left-and right-hemisphere damaged subjects. Manuscript in preparation.
126. Weinert, R. (1995). The role of formulaic language in second language acquisition: A review. Applied Linguistics, 16(2), 180-205.
127. Weinreich, V. (1969). Problems in the analysis of idioms. In J. Puhvel (Ed.),, Substance and structure of language(pp. 23-82). Los Angeles: University of California Press.
128. Winner, E., & Gardner, H. (1977). The comprehension of metaphor in brain-damaged patients. Brain, 100, 717-729.
129. Wolf, R., & Sidtis, D. (2010). Examination in the relationship between formulaic language and pragmatic repetition in conversational discourse. Paper presented at FLaRN Conference, Paderborn, Germany.
130. Wray, A. (1998). Protolanguage as a holistic system for social interaction. Language and Communication, 18, 47-67.
131. Wray, A. (2000). Holistic utterances in protolanguage: The link from primates to humans. In C. Knight, J. R. Hurford & M. Studdert-Kennedy (Eds.),, The evolutionary emergence of language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form(pp. 285-302). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
132. Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
133. Wray, A., & Perkins, M. (2000). The functions of formulaic language: An integrated model. Language and Communication, 20, 1-28.