Narcissism From the Perspective of the Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model

The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 56-70

  Morf, Carolyn C ^a   Torchetti, Loredana ^a   Schürch, Eva ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Narcissism; Personality; Self esteem; Self regulation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885998063     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118093108.ch6     Document Type: Chapter

References (92)

1. Akhtar, S., & Thomson, J. A. (1982). Overview: Narcissistic personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 12-20.
2. Back, M. D., Schmukle, S. C., & Egloff, B. (2010). Why are narcissists so charming at first sight? Decoding the narcissism-popularity link at zero acquaintance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 132-145.
3. Barry, C. T., Chaplin, W. F., & Grafeman, S. J. (2006). Aggression following performance feedback: The influences of narcissism, feedback valence, and comparative standard. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 177-187.
4. Bosson, J. K., Lakey, C. E., Campbell, W. K., Zeigler-Hill, V., Jordan, C. H., & Kernis, M. H. (2008). Untangling the links between narcissism and self-esteem: A theoretical and empirical review. Social and Personality Compass, 2/3, 1415-1439.
5. Bradlee, P. M., & Emmons, R. A. (1992). Locating narcissism within the interpersonal circumplex and the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 821-830.
6. Brown, R. P. (2004). Vengeance is mine: Narcissism, vengeance, and the tendency to forgive. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 576-584.
7. Brunell, A. B., Gentry, W. A., Campbell, W., Hoffman, B. J., Kuhnert, K. W., & DeMarree, K. G. (2008). Leader emergence: The case of the narcissistic leader. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1663-1676.
8. Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 219-229.
9. Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., Thomaes, S., Ryu, E., Begeer, S., & West, S. G. (2009). Looking again, and harder, for a link between low self-esteem and aggression. Journal of Personality, 77, 427-446.
10. Buss, D. M., & Chiodo, L. M. (1991). Narcissistic acts in everyday life. Journal of Personality, 59, 179-215.
11. Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). Susceptibility to infidelity in the first year of marriage. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 193-221.
12. Cai, H., Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., Wang, C., Carvallo, M., Xu, Y., . . . Jackson, L. (2011). Tactical selfenhancement in China: Is modesty at the service of self-enhancement in East-Asian culture? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2, 59-64.
13. Campbell, W. (1999). Narcissism and romantic attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1254-1270.
14. Campbell, W. K., Brunell, A. B., & Finkel, E. J. (2006). Narcissism, interpersonal self-regulation, and romantic relationships: An agency model approach. In K. D. Vohs & E. J. Finkel (Eds.),Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes (pp. 57-83). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
15. Campbell, W., & Foster, C. A. (2002). Narcissism and commitment in romantic relationships: An investment model analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 484-495.
16. Campbell, W., Foster, C. A., & Finkel, E. J. (2002). Does self-love lead to love for others?: A story of narcissistic game playing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 340-354.
17. Campbell, W. K., Goodie, A. S., & Foster, J. D. (2004). Narcissism, confidence, and risk attitude. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 17, 297-311.
18. Campbell, W., Reeder, G. D., Sedikides, C., & Elliot, A. J. (2000). Narcissism and comparative selfenhancement strategies. Journal of Research in Personality, 34, 329-347.
19. Campbell, W., Rudich, E. A., & Sedikides, C. (2002). Narcissism, self-esteem, and the positivity of selfviews: Two portraits of self-love. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 358-368.
20. Carroll, L. (1987). A study of narcissism, affiliation, intimacy, and power motives among students in business administration. Psychological Reports, 61, 355-358.
21. Cisek, S. Z., Hart, C. M., & Sedikides, C. (2008). Do narcissists use material possessions as a primary buffer against pain? Psychological Inquiry, 19, 205-207.
22. Collins, D. R., & Stukas, A. A. (2008). Narcissism and self-presentation: The moderating effects of accountability and contingencies of self-worth. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1629-1634.
23. Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., Cooper, M., & Bouvrette, A. (2003). Contingencies of self-worth in college students: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 894-908.
24. Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
25. Elkind, D. (1991). Instrumental narcissism in parents. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 55, 299-307.
26. Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 291-300.
27. Emmons, R. A. (1989). Exploring the relations between motives and traits: The case of narcissism. In D. M. Buss & N. Cantor (Eds.),Personality psychology: Recent trends and emerging directions (pp. 32-44). New York, NY: Springer.
28. Exline, J. J., Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., Campbell, W., & Finkel, E. J. (2004). Too proud to let go: Narcissistic entitlement as a barrier to forgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 894-912.
29. Farwell, L., & Wohlwend-Lloyd, R. (1998). Narcissistic processes: Optimistic expectations, favorable self-evaluations, and self-enhancing attributions. Journal of Personality, 66, 65-83.
30. Finkel, E. J., Campbell, W. K., Buffardi, L. E., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. (2009). The metamorphosis of narcissus: Communal activation promotes relationship commitment among narcissists. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1271-1284.
31. Foster, J. D. (2008). Incorporating personality into the investment model: Probing commitment processes across individual differences in narcissism. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25, 211-223.
32. Foster, J. D., & Campbell, W. (2005). Narcissism and resistance to doubts about romantic partners. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 550-557.
33. Foster, J. D., Campbell, W., & Twenge, J. M. (2003). Individual differences in narcissism: Inflated selfviews across the lifespan and around the world. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 469-486.
34. Foster, J. D., Misra, T. A., & Reidy, D. E. (2009). Narcissists are approach-oriented toward their money and their friends. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 764-769.
35. Foster, J. D., & Trimm, R. F. (2008). On being eager and uninhibited: Narcissism and approach-avoidance motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1004-1017.
36. Gabriel, M. T., Critelli, J. W., & Ee, J. S. (1994). Narcissistic illusions in self-evaluations of intelligence and attractiveness. Journal of Personality, 62, 143-155.
37. Gardner, F. (2004). "To enliven her was my living": Thoughts on compliance and sacrifice as consequences of malignant identification with a narcissistic parent. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 21, 49-62.
38. Gregg, A. P., & Sedikides, C. (2010). Narcissistic fragility: Rethinking its links to explicit and implicit selfesteem. Self and Identity, 9, 142-161.
39. Horvath, S., & Morf, C. C. (2009). Narcissistic defensiveness: Hypervigilance and avoidance of worthlessness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 1252-1258.
40. Horvath, S. & Morf, C. C. (2010). To be grandiose or not to be worthless: Different routes to selfenhancement for narcissism and self-esteem. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 585-592.
41. Hunyady, O., Josephs, L., & Jost, J.T. (2008). Priming the primal scene: Betrayal trauma, narcissism, and attitudes toward sexual infidelity. Self and Identity, 7, 278-294.
42. John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in selfenhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 206-219.
43. Jordan, C. H., Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., Hoshino-Browne, E., & Correll, J. (2003). Secure and defensive high self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 969-978.
44. Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2006). Loving yourself abundantly: Relationship of the narcissistic personality to self-and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 762-776.
45. Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 1-26.
46. Kernis, M. H., & Sun, C.-R. (1994). Narcissism and reactions to interpersonal feedback. Journal of Research in Personality, 28, 4-13.
47. Lakey, C. E., Rose, P., Campbell, W. K., & Goodie, A. S. (2008). Probing the link between narcissism and gambling: The mediating role of judgment and decision-making biases. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 21, 113-137.
48. Leary, M. R. (2005). Sociometer theory and the pursuit of relational value: Getting to the root of self-esteem. European Review of Social Psychology, 16, 75-111.
49. McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., Kilpatrick, S. D., & Mooney, C. N. (2003). Narcissists as "victims": The role of narcissism in the perception of transgressions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 885-893.
50. Mendoza-Denton, R., & Mischel, W. (2007). Integrating system approaches to culture and personality: The cultural cognitive-affective processing system. In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (Eds.),Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 175-195). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
51. Mischel, W. (2004). Toward an integrative science of the person. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 1-22.
52. Mischel, W., & Morf, C. C. (2003). The self as a psychosocial dynamic processing system: A metaperspective on a century of the self in psychology. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.),Handbook of self and identity (pp. 15-43). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
53. Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246-268.
54. Morf, C. C. (2006). Personality reflected in a coherent idiosyncratic interplay of intra-and interpersonal self-regulatory processes. Journal of Personality, 74, 1527-1556.
55. Morf, C. C., Davidov, M., & Ansara, D. (2010). Strategic regulation of desired identity images in response to opportunities and threats: Effects of audience characteristics on narcissistic self-presentation. Manuscript submitted for publication.
56. Morf, C. C., & Horvath, S. (2007). Connectionism as metaphor: Towards an integrated, unified conception of self-system and individual difference. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 108-113.
57. Morf, C. C., & Horvath, S. (2010). Self-regulation processes and their signatures: Dynamics of the selfsystem. In R. Hoyle (Ed.),Handbook of personality and self-regulation (pp. 117-144). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
58. Morf, C. C., Horvath, S., & Torchetti, L. (2010). Narcissistic self-enhancement: Tales of (successful?) self portrayal. In C. Sedikides & M. Alicke (Eds.),Handbook of self-enhancement and self-protection. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
59. Morf, C. C., Horvath, S., & Zimmermann, T. D. (2010). In the mind of a male narcissist: Worthlessness primes aggression. Manuscript submitted for publication, University of Bern, Switzerland.
60. Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (1993). Narcissism and self-evaluation maintenance: Explorations in object relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 668-676.
61. Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177-196.
62. Morf, C. C., Weir, C., & Davidov, M. (2000). Narcissism and intrinsic motivation: The role of goal congruence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 424-438.
63. Oltmanns, T. F., Friedman, J. N., Fiedler, E. R., & Turkheimer, E. (2004). Perceptions of people with personality disorders based on thin slices of behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 216-229.
64. Paulhus, D. L. (1998). Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: A mixed blessing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1197-1208.
65. Penney, L. M., & Spector, P. E. (2002). Narcissism and counterproductive work behavior: Do bigger egos mean bigger problems? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10, 126-134.
66. Pietrzak, J., Downey, G., & Ayduk, O. (2005). Rejection sensitivity as an interpersonal vulnerability. In M. W. Baldwin (Ed.),Interpersonal cognition (pp. 62-84). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
67. Raskin, R., & Novacek, J. (1991). Narcissism and the use of fantasy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 490-499.
68. Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590.
69. Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., Foster, J. D., & Martinez, M. A. (2008). Effects of narcissistic entitlement and exploitativeness on human physical aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 865-875.
70. Rhodewalt, F., & Eddings, S. K. (2002). Narcissus reflects: Memory distortion in response to egorelevant feedback among high-and low-narcissistic men. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 97-116.
71. Rhodewalt, F., Madrian, J. C., & Cheney, S. (1998). Narcissism, self-knowledge organization, and emotional reactivity: The effect of daily experiences on self-esteem and affect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 75-87.
72. Rhodewalt, F., & Morf, C. C. (1995). Self and interpersonal correlates of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory: A review and new findings. Journal of Research in Personality, 29, 1-23.
73. Rhodewalt, F., & Morf, C. C. (1998). On selfaggrandizement and anger: A temporal analysis of narcissism and affective reactions to success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 672-685.
74. Rhodewalt, F., Tragakis, M. W., & Finnerty, J. (2006). Narcissism and self-handicapping: Linking selfaggrandizement to behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 573-597.
75. Rose, P. (2002). The happy and unhappy faces of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 379-392.
76. Rose, P., & Campbell, W. K. (2004). Greatness feels good: A telic model of narcissism and subjective well-being. In S. P. Shohov (Ed.),Advances in Psychology Research (Vol. 31, pp. 1-15). Hauppage, NY: Nova Science.
77. Schürch, E., & Morf, C. C. (2010). [Narcissistic parenting: How mother's narcissism influences the interaction with the child.] Unpublished raw data, University of Bern, Switzerland.
78. Sedikides, C., Rudich, E. A., Gregg, A. P., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. (2004). Are normal narcissists psychologically healthy?: Self-esteem matters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 400-416.
79. Shoda, Y., LeeTiernan, S., & Mischel, W. (2002). Personality as a dynamical system: Emergency of stability and distinctiveness from intra-and interpersonal interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 316-325.
80. South, S. C., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2003). Personality and the derogation of others: Descriptions based on self-and peer report. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 16-33.
81. Tanchotsrinon, P., Maneesri, K., & Campbell, W. (2007). Narcissism and romantic attraction: Evidence from a collectivistic culture. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 723-730.
82. Torchetti, L., & Morf, C. C. (2010). [The role of valuation in narcissists' romantic relationships.] Unpublished raw data, University of Bern, Switzerland.
83. Tracy, J. L., Cheng, J. T., Robins, R. W., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2009). Authentic and hubristic pride: The affective core of self-esteem and narcissism. Self and Identity, 8, 196-213.
84. Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2003). "Isn't it fun to get the respect that we're going to deserve?" Narcissism, social rejection, and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 261-272.
85. Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D., (2010). Birth cohort increases in narcissistic personality traits among American college students, 1982-2009. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 99-106.
86. Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality, 76, 875-902.
87. Vazire, S., Naumann, L. P., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Portrait of a narcissist: Manifestations of narcissism in physical appearance. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1439-1447.
88. Wallace, H. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 819-834.
89. Wallace, H. M., Ready, C. B., & Weitenhagen, E. (2009). Narcissism and task persistence. Self and Identity, 8, 78-93.
90. Webster, G. D. (2006). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, but especially when controlling for gender: a replication and extension of Donnellan et al. (2005). Representative Research in Social Psychology, 29, 12-18.
91. Zayas, V., Shoda, Y., & Ayduk, O. N. (2002). Personality in context: An interpersonal systems perspective. Journal of Personality, 70, 851-900.
92. Zeigler-Hill, V. (2006). Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem: Implications for narcissism and self-esteem instability. Journal of Personality, 74, 119-143.