Antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile clinical isolates in Iran

Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Volumn 15, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 704-711

  Goudarzi, Mehdi ^a,b   Goudarzi, Hossein ^b   Alebouyeh, Masoud ^a   Azimi Rad, Masoumeh ^a   Shayegan Mehr, Farahnaz Sadat ^a   Zali, Mohammad Reza ^a   Aslani, Mohammad Mehdi ^a,c  

^a SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c PASTEUR INSTITUTE OF IRAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

Antibiotic resistance; Clindamycin; Clostridium difficile

Indexed keywords

CEFOTAXIME; CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; METRONIDAZOLE; VANCOMYCIN;

ADULT; AGAR DILUTION; AGED; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; DNA EXTRACTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; IRAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE;

EID: 84885769409     PISSN: 20741804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.5189     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Pépin Jacques, Valiquette Louis, Cossette Benoit. Mortality attributable to nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated disease during an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent strain in Quebec. Can Med Assoc J. 2005;173(9):1037-1042.
2. Bartlett JG. Narrative review: the new epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated enteric disease. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(10):758-64.
3. Voth DE, Ballard JD. Clostridium difficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18(2):247-63.
4. Owens RC, Jr, Donskey CJ, Gaynes RP, Loo VG, Muto CA. Antimicrobial-associated risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46 Suppl 1:S19-31.
5. Pituch H, Obuch-Woszczatynski P, Wultanska D, Nurzynska G, Harmanus C, Banaszkiewicz A, et al. Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from adult patients with diarrhoea hospitalized in two university hospitals in Poland, 2004-2006. J Med Microbiol. 2011;60(Pt 8):1200-5.
6. Shaughnessy MK, Amundson WH, Kuskowski MA, DeCarolis DD, Johnson JR, Drekonja DM. Unnecessary antimicrobial use in patients with current or recent Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013;34(2):109-16.
7. Cocanour CS. Best strategies in recurrent or persistent Clostridium difficile infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2011;12(3):235-9.
8. Dong D, Zhang L, Chen X, Jiang C, Yu B, Wang X, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mechanisms of clinical Clostridium difficile from a Chinese tertiary hospital. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2013;41(1):80-4.
9. Kelly CP, LaMont JT. Clostridium difficile--more difficult than ever. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(18):1932-40.
10. Venuto C, Butler M, Ashley ED, Brown J. Alternative therapies for Clostridium difficile infections. Pharmacotherapy. 2010;30(12):1266-78.
11. Gerding DN, Muto CA, Owens RC, Jr. Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46 Suppl 1:S32-42.
12. Pelaez T, Alonso R, Perez C, Alcala L, Cuevas O, Bouza E. In vitro activity of linezolid against Clostridium difficile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46(5):1617-8.
13. Pelaez T, Cercenado E, Alcala L, Marin M, Martin-Lopez A, Martinez-Alarcon J, et al. Metronidazole resistance in Clostridium difficile is heterogeneous. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(9):3028-32.
14. Spigaglia P, Barbanti F, Mastrantonio P. Multidrug resistance in European Clostridium difficile clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66(10):2227-34.
15. Fenner L, Frei R, Gregory M, Dangel M, Stranden A, Widmer AF. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease at University Hospital Basel including molecular characterisation of the isolates 2006-2007. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;27(12):1201-7.
16. Riley TV, Brazier JS, Hassan H, Williams K, Phillips KD. Comparison of alcohol shock enrichment and selective enrichment for the isolation of Clostridium difficile. Epidemiol Infect. 1987;99(2):355-9.
17. Cohen SH, Tang YJ, Silva J, Jr. Analysis of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile strains. J Infect Dis. 2000;181(2):659-63.
18. Hecht DW. Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria: Approved Standard. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2007.
19. Bartlett JG. Clostridium difficile-associated Enteric Disease. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2002;4(6):477-483.
20. Hsu MS, Wang JT, Huang WK, Liu YC, Chang SC. Prevalence and clinical features of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a tertiary hospital in northern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2006;39(3):242-8.
21. Hookman P, Barkin JS. Clostridium difficile associated infection, diarrhea and colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(13):1554-80.
22. Barbut F, Mastrantonio P, Delmee M, Brazier J, Kuijper E, Poxton I. Prospective study of Clostridium difficile infections in Europe with phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of the isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007;13(11):1048-57.
23. Martin H, Willey B, Low DE, Staempfli HR, McGeer A, Boerlin P, et al. Characterization of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2006. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(9):2999-3004.
24. Huang H, Fang H, Weintraub A, Nord CE. Distinct ribotypes and rates of antimicrobial drug resistance in Clostridium difficile from Shanghai and Stockholm. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15(12):1170-3.
25. Kim H, Jeong SH, Roh KH, Hong SG, Kim JW, Shin MG, et al. Investigation of toxin gene diversity, molecular epidemiology, and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium difficile isolated from 12 hospitals in South Korea. Korean J Lab Med. 2010;30(5):491-7.
26. Pelaez T, Alcala L, Alonso R, Rodriguez-Creixems M, Garcia-Lechuz JM, Bouza E. Reassessment of Clostridium difficile susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46(6):1647-50.
27. Bourgault AM, Lamothe F, Loo VG, Poirier L. In vitro susceptibility of Clostridium difficile clinical isolates from a multi-institutional outbreak in Southern Quebec, Canada. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(10):3473-5.
28. Aspevall O, Lundberg A, Burman LG, Akerlund T, Svenungsson B. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Clostridium difficile and its relation to PCR ribotypes in a Swedish university hospital. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(5):1890-2.
29. Taori SK, Hall V, Poxton IR. Changes in antibiotic susceptibility and ribotypes in Clostridium difficile isolates from southern Scotland, 1979-2004. J Med Microbiol. 2010;59(Pt 3):338-44.
30. Brazier JS, Raybould R, Patel B, Duckworth G, Pearson A, Charlett A, et al. Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes in English hospitals, 2007-08. Euro surveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles= European communicable disease bulletin. 2008;13(41):541-544.
31. Lin YC, Huang YT, Tsai PJ, Lee TF, Lee NY, Liao CH, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile in taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(4):1701-5.
32. Wong SamsonSai-Yin, Woo PatrickChiu-Yat, Luk Wei-Kwang, Yuen Kwok-Yung. Susceptibility testing of Clostridium difficile against metronidazole and vancomycin by disk diffusion and Etest. Dign Micr Infec Dis. 1999;34(1):1-6.
33. Gardner E, Meghani N, Mancuso P, Thomson A. Recognizing metronidazole resistant C. difficile. Nurse Pract. 2011;36(11):8-11.
34. Wullt M, Odenholt I. A double-blind randomized controlled trial of fusidic acid and metronidazole for treatment of an initial episode of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54(1):211-6.
35. Pelaez T, Alcala L, Alonso R, Martin-Lopez A, Garcia-Arias V, Marin M, et al. In vitro activity of ramoplanin against Clostridium difficile, including strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin or with resistance to metronidazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49(3):1157-9.
36. Hecht DW, Galang MA, Sambol SP, Osmolski JR, Johnson S, Gerding DN. In vitro activities of 15 antimicrobial agents against 110 toxigenic clostridium difficile clinical isolates collected from 1983 to 2004. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51(8):2716-9.
37. Jamal WafaaY, Mokaddas EimanM, Verghese TinaL, Rotimi VO. In vitro activity of 15 antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile in Kuwait. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002;20(4):270-274.
38. John R, Brazier JS. Antimicrobial susceptibility of polymerase chain reaction ribotypes of Clostridium difficile commonly isolated from symptomatic hospital patients in the UK. J Hosp Infect. 2005;61(1):11-4.
39. Tenover FC, Tickler IA, Persing DH. Antimicrobial-resistant strains of Clostridium difficile from North America. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(6):2929-32.
40. Huang H, Weintraub A, Fang H, Wu S, Zhang Y, Nord CE. Antimicrobial susceptibility and heteroresistance in Chinese Clostridium difficile strains. Anaerobe. 2010;16(6):633-5.
41. Huang H, Weintraub A, Fang H, Nord CE. Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridium difficile. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009;34(6):516-22.
42. Huang H, Wu S, Wang M, Zhang Y, Fang H, Palmgren AC, et al. Clostridium difficile infections in a Shanghai hospital: antimicrobial resistance, toxin profiles and ribotypes. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009;33(4):339-42.
43. Lakhi N, Ahmad F, Woothipoom W. Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhoea and the Rela-tionship to Antibiotic Prescription Practices and Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Elderly Wards. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2009;():12-16.