Changes in antibiotic susceptibility and ribotypes in Clostridium difficile isolates from southern Scotland, 1979-2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volumn 59, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 338-344

  Taori, Surabhi K ^a   Hall, Val ^b   Poxton, Ian R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF WALES   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CEFTRIAXONE; CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; METRONIDAZOLE; MOXIFLOXACIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CONTROLLED STUDY; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADULT; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; RIBOTYPING; SCOTLAND; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 76649108192     PISSN: 00222615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.014829-0     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Ackermann, G., Tang-Feldman, Y. J., Schaumann, R., Henderson, J. P., Rodloff, A. C., Silva, J. & Cohen, S. H. (2003a). Antecedent use of fluoroquinolones is associated with resistance to moxifloxacin in Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Infect 9, 526-530.
2. Ackermann, G., Degner, A., Cohen, S. H., Silva, J. & Rodloff, A. C. (2003b). Prevalence and association of macrolide-lincosamidestreptogramin B (MLSB) resistance with resistance to moxifloxacin in Clostridium difficile. J Antimicrob Chemother 51, 599-603.
3. Barbut, F., Gariazzo, B., Bonné, L., Lalande, V., Burghoffer, B., Luiuz, R. & Petit, J. (2007). Clinical features of Clostridium difficileassociated infections and molecular characterization of strains: results of a retrospective study, 2000-2004. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28, 131-139.
4. Brazier, J. S., Raybould, R., Patel, B., Duckworth, G., Pearson, A., Charlett, A.,Duerden, B. I. & HPA Regional Microbiology Network (2008). Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes in English hospitals, 2007-08. Euro Surveill 13, PPpii519000. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ ViewArticle.aspx? ArticleId=19000
5. Climo, M. W., Israel, D. S., Wong, E. S., Williams, D., Coudron, P. & Markowitz, S. M. (1998). Hospital-wide restriction of clindamycin: effect on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and cost. Ann Intern Med 128, 989-995.
6. Cookson, B. (2007). Hypervirulent strains of Clostridium difficile Postgrad Med J 83, 291-295.
7. Dallal, R. M., Harbrecht, B. G., Boujoukas, A. J., Sirio, C. A., Farkas, L. M., Lee, K. K. & Simmons, R. L. (2002). Fulminant Clostridium difficile: an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications. Ann Surg 235, 363-372.
8. Drudy, D., Calabi, E., Kyne, L., Sougioultzis, S., Kelly, E., Fairweather, N. & Kelly, C. P. (2004). Human antibody response to surface layer proteins in Clostridium difficile infection. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 41, 237-242.
9. Drummond, L. J., McCoubrey, J., Smith, D. G., Starr, J. M. & Poxton, I. R. (2003). Changes in sensitivity patterns to selected antibiotics in Clostridium difficile in geriatric in-patients over an 18-month period. J Med Microbiol 52, 259-263.
10. Freeman, J., Baines, S. D. & Wilcox, M. H. (2005). Comparison of the efficacy of ramoplanin and vancomycin in both in vitro and in vivo models of clindamycin-induced Clostridium difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 56, 717-725.
11. Hastings, M. (2006). Anaerobe Reference Unit Operating Procedure Manual ASOP 39: PCR Ribotyping of Clostridium difficile. NPHS Microbiology Cardiff, issue 1, issue date 13/11/06.
12. Health Protection Scotland (2007). Annual Report on the Surveillance of Clostridium difficile Associated Disease (CDAD) in Scotland, October 2006-September 2007. The HPS C. difficile Working Group. http://www.documents.hps.scot.nhs.uk/hai/sshaip/publications/cdad/ 2007-12-20-ar-cdad.pdf
13. Health Protection Scotland (2009). Annual Report on the Surveillance of Clostridium difficile Associated Disease (CDAD) in Scotland, October 2007-September 2008. HPS Weekly Report 43, no. 2009/02. The HPS C. difficile Working Group. http://www.documents.hps.scot.nhs.uk/ ewr/pdf2009/0902.pdf
14. Jhung, M. A., Thompson, A. D., Killgore, G. E., Zukowski, W. E., Songer, G., Warny, M., Johnson, S., Gerding, D. N., McDonald, L. C. & Limbago, B. M. (2008). Toxinotype V Clostridium difficile in humans and food animals. Emerg Infect Dis 14, 1039-1045.
15. Kyne, L., Hamel, M. B., Polavaram, R. & Kelly, C. P. (2002). Health care costs and mortality associated with nosocomial diarrhoea due to Clostridium difficile. Clin Infect Dis 34, 346-353.
16. Lee, K., Locking, M. E. & Pavec, V. (2001). Surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection in Scotland 1988-2000. Centre for Infection and Environmental Health (SCIEH). http://www.documents.hps.scot.nhs. uk/posters/2001/surveillance-clostridium-difficile-hai.pdf
17. McCoubrey, J. (2002). The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in a geriatric unit. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, UK.
18. McCoubrey, J., Starr, J., Martin, H. & Poxton, I. R. (2003). Clostridium difficile in a geriatric unit: a prospective epidemiological study employing a novel S-layer typing method. J Med Microbiol 52, 573-578.
19. McDonald, L. C., Killgore, G. E., Thompson, A., Owens, R. C., Kazakova, S. V., Sambol, S. P., Johnson, S. & Gerding, D. N. (2005). An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 353, 2433-2441.
20. Merrigan, M. M., Gerding, D. N. & Vedantam, G. (2006). Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile BI strains have altered protein expression and host cell adherence. Poster PI-12. In Eighth Biennial Conference of the Anaerobe Society of America, 25-28 July, Boise, ID, USA.
21. Mutlu, E., Wroe, A. J., Sanchez-Hurtado, K., Brazier, J. S. & Poxton, I. R. (2007). Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from hospitals in south-east Scotland. J Med Microbiol 56, 921-929.
22. NCCLS (2004). Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria. Approved Standard, 6th edn. NCCLS document M11-A6. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
23. O'Neill, G. L., Ogunsola, F. T., Brazier, J. S. & Duerden, B. I. (1996). Modification of a PCR ribotyping method for application as a routine typing scheme for Clostridium difficile. Anaerobe 2, 205-209.
24. Pépin, J., Valiquette, L., Alary, M. E., Villemure, P., Pelletier, A., Forget, K., Pépin, K. & Chouinard, D. (2004). Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhoea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: a changing pattern of disease severity. CMAJ 171, 466-472.
25. Rupnik, M., Wilcox, M. H. & Gerding, D. N. (2009). Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol 7, 526-536.
26. Saxton, K., Baines, S. D., Freeman, J., O'Connor, R. & Wilcox, M. H. (2009). Effects of exposure of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes 027 and 001 to fluoroquinolones in a human gut model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53, 412-420.
27. Schmidt, C., Lo&dieffler, B. & Ackermann, G. (2007). Antimicrobial phenotypes and molecular basis in clinical strains of Clostridium difficile. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 59, 1-5.
28. Schroeder, M. S. (2005). Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhoea. Am Fam Physician 71, 921-928.
29. Settle, C. D. & Wilcox, M. H. (1996). Review article: antibiotic-induced Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 10, 835-841.
30. Wistro&diem, J., Norrby, S. R., Myhre, E. B., Eriksson, S., Granstro&diem, G., Lagergren, L., Englund, G., Nord, C. E. & Svenungsson, B. J. (2001). Frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in 2462 antibiotictreated hospitalized patients: a prospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother 47, 43-50.
31. Wu&diest, J. & Hardegger, U. (1983). Transferable resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline in Clostridium difficile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 23, 784-786.