An update on the impact of pre-transplant transfusions and allosensitization on time to renal transplant and on allograft survival

BMC Nephrology

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Scornik, Juan C ^a   Bromberg, Jonathan S ^b   Norman, Douglas J ^c   Bhanderi, Mayank ^d   Gitlin, Matthew ^e   Petersen, Jeffrey ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d HERON PVT India   (India)

^e AMGEN INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Allosensitization; Graft survival; Renal transplant; Transfusion

Indexed keywords

ALLOANTIGEN; CYCLOSPORIN;

ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY; ARTICLE; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COCHRANE LIBRARY; DISEASE REGISTRY; EMBASE; GRAFT FAILURE; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HUMAN; KIDNEY GRAFT REJECTION; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; MEDLINE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; SENSITIZATION; WATCHFUL WAITING;

BLOOD TRANSFUSION; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; PREOPERATIVE CARE; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAITING LISTS;

EID: 84885134552     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712369     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-217     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Incidental and purposeful random donor blood transfusion. Sensitization and transplantation. Pfaff WW, Howard RJ, Scornik JC, Day C, Renderer J, Scott J, Fennel RS, Peterson JC, Salomon DR, Patton PR, Transplantation 1989 47 1 130 133 10.1097/00007890-198901000-00029 2643223 (Pubitemid 19049160)
2. Risk factors for development of panel reactive antibodies and their impact on kidney transplantation outcome. Sautner T, Gnant M, Banhegyi C, Wamser P, Gotzinger P, Steininger R, Muhlbacher F, Transpl Int 1992 5 SUPPL. 1 116 S120 14621752
3. Novel erythropoiesis-stimulating agents: a new era in anemia management. Macdougall IC, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008 3 1 200 207 10.2215/CJN.03840907 18077782
4. End-Stage Renal Disease Prospective Payment System. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Regulation Number 1418-F. Available at http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ESRDpayment/ End-Stage-Renal-Disease-ESRD-Payment-Regulations-and-Notices.html
5. Final CY 2013 End-Stage Renal Disease Prospective Payment System. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Regulation Number 1352-F. Available at http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ESRDpayment/ End-Stage-Renal-Disease-ESRD-Payment-Regulations-and-Notices.html
6. USRDS, US Renal Data System, USRDS 2012 Annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Available at http://www.usrds.org/atlas12.aspx. Access date: April 2013
7. The impact of pre-transplant red blood cell transfusions in renal allograft rejection. Chen W, Lee S, Colby J, Kluger J, Ashaye A, Tongbram V, Baker E, Mather J, Coleman CI, White CM, Rockville, MD, USA: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Technology Assessment Report; Project ID RENT0610 2012 Available from: http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/ details/technology-assessments-details.aspx?TAId=78
8. The impact of pre-transplant red blood cell transfusions in renal allograft rejection Available at http://www.cms.gov/determinationprocess/ downloads/id78TA.pdf. Access date: Feb 2012
9. Cyclosporine Available at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/ drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.DrugDetails. Access date: Feb 2012
10. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. Downs SH, Black N, J Epidemiol Community Health 1998 52 6 377 384 10.1136/jech.52.6.377 9764259 (Pubitemid 28438523)
11. Methodological approach to assessing the evidence. Kennelly J, Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in reproductive and perinatal outcomes: the evidence from population-based interventions New York, NY: Springer, Handler A, Kennelly J, Peacock N, 2011 7 19
12. Evaluation of pretransplant immunologic status in kidney-transplant recipients by panel reactive antibody and soluble CD30 determinations. Cinti P, Pretagostini R, Arpino A, Tamburro ML, Mengasini S, Lattanzi R, De Simone P, Berloco P, Molajoni ER, Transplantation 2005 79 5 599 601 15753850 (Pubitemid 40365889)
13. Alloantibodies and outcomes of deceased donor kidney allografts. Cinti P, Pretagostini R, Lai Q, Tamburro ML, Rossi M, Poli L, Berloco P, Hum Immunol 2009 70 8 651 654 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.06.008 19527761
14. Panel reactive HLA antibodies, soluble CD30 levels, and acute rejection six months following renal transplant. Domingues EM, Matuck T, Graciano ML, Souza E, Rioja S, Falci MC, Monteiro De Carvalho DB, Porto LC, Clin Transplant 2010 24 6 821 829 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01182.x 20047612
15. Evaluation of flow cytometric panel reactive antibody in renal transplant recipients-examination of 238 cases of renal transplantation. Ishida H, Tanabe K, Furusawa M, Ishizuka T, Hayashi T, Tokumoto T, Miyamoto N, Shirakawa H, Shimimura H, Shimizu T, et al. Transpl Int 2005 18 2 163 168 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2004.00048.x 15691268 (Pubitemid 41743306)
16. Surveillance of alloantibodies after transplantation identifies the risk of chronic rejection. Kimball PM, Baker MA, Wagner MB, King A, Kidney Int 2011 79 10 1131 1137 10.1038/ki.2010.556 21270760
17. Anti-lymphocyte, anti-monocyte, and anti-endothelial cell antibodies in chronic haemodialysis patients. Direskeneli H, Ozgun S, Ozener C, Lawrence R, Erman M, Sarsmaz N, Akoglu E, Nephrol Dial Transplant 1992 7 5 422 426 1321378
18. Promoter-region alleles of the TNF-(alpha) and IL-10 genes have no effect on pretransplant alloantibody production. Hahn AB, Kasten-Jolly JC, Constantino DM, Graffunder E, Conti DJ, Transplantation 2001 72 4 739 742 10.1097/00007890-200108270-00032 11544442 (Pubitemid 32802764)
19. The current role of pre-transplant blood transfusions and tissue typing in cadaveric renal transplantation. Koyle MA, Rajfer J, Mickey MR, Glassock RJ, Ward HJ, J Urol 1987 138 5 1141 1143 3312638
20. The impact of pretransplant erythropoietin therapy on late outcomes of renal transplantation. Lietz K, Lao M, Paczek L, Gorski A, Gaciong Z, Ann Transplant 2003 8 2 17 24
21. Antibodies against MICA antigens and kidney-transplant rejection. Zou Y, Stastny P, Susal C, Dohler B, Opelz G, N Engl J Med 2007 357 13 1293 1300 10.1056/NEJMoa067160 17898098 (Pubitemid 47481451)
22. Flow cytometric crossmatching and long-term kidney allograft survical in donor-specific transfusion patients. Chequer Bou-Habib J, Krams S, Colombe BW, Lou C, Bubar O, Amend WJC, Salvatierra O Jr, Garovoy MR, Transplantation 1991 51 2 543 545 10.1097/00007890-199102000-00052 1994551
23. High survival rate of kidney transplants in IgA nephropathy patients. Lim EC, Terasaki PI, Clin Transplant 1992 6 2 100 105
24. Causes of sensitisation in patients awaiting renal transplantation in Ireland. Soosay A, O'Neill D, Counihan A, Hickey D, Keogan M, Ir Med J 2003 96 4 109 112 12793472 (Pubitemid 38867963)
25. A prospective, randomized trial of pretransplant blood transfusions in cadaver kidney transplant candidates. Leuven Collaborative Group for Transplantation. Vanrenterghem Y, Waer M, Roels L, Coosemans W, Christaens MR, Opelz G, Transpl Int 1994 7 SUPPL.1 243 S246 11271215
26. Immunology of renal transplantation in Singapore. Vathsala A, Chan SH, Wee C, Lim CH, Ann Acad Med Singapore 1988 17 2 218 225 2970246
27. USRDS, US Renal Data System, USRDS 2010 Annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Available at http://www.usrds.org/atlas10.aspx. Access date: Jan 2012
28. The effect of zero HLA class I and II mismatching in cyclosporine-treated kidney transplant patients. Cicciarelli J, Terasaki PI, Mickey MR, Transplantation 1987 43 5 636 640 10.1097/00007890-198705000-00006 3554654 (Pubitemid 17075326)
29. The transfusion effect in cadaver kidney transplants-yes or no. Iwaki Y, Cecka JM, Terasaki PI, Transplantation 1990 49 1 56 59 10.1097/00007890- 199001000-00012 2301028 (Pubitemid 20051584)
30. Prospective evaluation of pretransplant blood transfusions in cadaver kidney recipients. Opelz G, Vanrenterghem Y, Kirste G, Gray DWR, Horsburgh T, Lachance JG, Largiader F, Lange H, Vujaklija-Stipanovic K, varez-Grande J, et al. Transplantation 1997 63 7 964 967 10.1097/00007890-199704150-00010 9112348 (Pubitemid 27173018)
31. Dominant effect of histocompatibility on ten-year kidney transplant survival. Takiff H, Cook DJ, Himaya NS, Mickey MR, Terasaki PI, Transplantation 1988 45 2 410 415 10.1097/00007890-198802000-00033 3278435 (Pubitemid 18084686)
32. The effect of transfusions on renal allograft survival in the cyclosporine era: a single center report. Eigidi M, Scott DH, Corry RJ, Clin Transplant 1993 7 3 240 244 10148843 (Pubitemid 23212575)
33. The beneficial effect of pretreatment blood transfusions in cyclosporine-treated cadaver renal allograft recipients. Melzer JS, Husing RM, Feduska NJ, Transplantation 1987 43 1 61 64 10.1097/00007890-198701000-00014 3541325 (Pubitemid 17002457)
34. Living-donor renal transplantation in SEOPF. The impact of histocompatibility, transfusions, and cyclosporine on outcome. Sanfilippo F, Thacker L, Vaughn WK, Transplantation 1990 49 1 25 29 10.1097/00007890- 199001000-00006 2301022 (Pubitemid 20051578)
35. The 1997 annual renal transplantation in children report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS). Benfield MR, McDonald R, Sullivan EK, Stablein DM, Tejani A, Pediatr Transplant 1999 3 2 152 167 10.1034/j.1399-3046.1999.00011.x 10389139 (Pubitemid 29274420)
36. Multicenter trial of one HLA-DR-matched or mismatched blood transfusion prior to cadaveric renal transplantation. Hiesse C, Busson M, Buisson C, Farahmand H, Bierling P, Benbunan M, Bedrossian J, Aubert P, Glotz D, Loirat C, et al. Kidney Int 2001 60 1 341 349 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00805.x 11422770 (Pubitemid 32587573)
37. Possible contribution of pretransplant immune responder status to renal allograft survival differences of black versus white recipients. Kerman RH, Kimball PM, Van Buren CT, Lewis RM, Kahan BD, Transplantation 1991 51 2 338 342 10.1097/00007890-199102000-00013 1825242
38. HLA-DRB1 compatibility in cadaver kidney transplantation: correlation with graft survival and function. Poli F, Mascaretti L, Pappalettera M, Scalamonga M, Bernardi L, Sirchia G, Transpl Int 1995 8 2 91 95 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1995.tb01482.x 7766303
39. Outcomes of simultaneous liver/kidney transplants are equivalent to kidney transplant alone: a preliminary report. Hanish SI, Samaniego M, Mezrich JD, Foley DP, Leverson GE, Lorentzen DF, Sollinger HW, Pirsch JD, Alessandro AM, Fernandez LA, Transplantation 2010 90 1 52 60 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181e17014 20626084
40. Flow cytometric crossmatching in primary renal transplant recipients with a negative anti-human globulin enhanced cytotoxicity crossmatch. Karpinski M, Rush D, Jeffery J, Exner M, Regele H, Dancea S, Pochinco D, Birk P, Nickerson P, J Am Soc Nephrol 2001 12 12 2807 2814 11729251 (Pubitemid 33115429)
41. Excellent renal allograft survival in donor-specific antibody positive transplant patients-role of intravenous immunoglobulin and rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Mai ML, Ahsan N, Wadei HM, Genco PV, Geiger XJ, Willingham DL, Taner CB, Hewitt WR, Grewal HP, Nguyen JHH, et al. Transplantation 2009 87 2 227 232 10.1097/TP.0b013e31818c962b 19155977
42. Donor-specific antibody levels and three generations of crossmatches to predict antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation. Riethmuller S, Ferrari-Lacraz S, Muller MK, Raptis DA, Hadaya K, Rusi B, Laube G, Schneiter G, Fehr T, Villard J, Transplantation 2010 90 2 160 167 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181e36e08 20658760
43. Outcome of kidney transplants in patients known to be flow cytometry crossmatch positive. Scornik JC, Clapp W, Patton PR, Van Der Werf WJ, Hemming AW, Reed AI, Howard RJ, Transplantation 2001 71 8 1098 1102 10.1097/00007890- 200104270-00015 11374409 (Pubitemid 32448825)
44. Relevance of different antibody detection methods for the prediction of antibody-mediated rejection and deceased-donor kidney allograft survival. Vlad G, Ho EK, Vasilescu ER, Colovai AI, Stokes MB, Markowitz GS, Agati VD, Cohen DJ, Ratner LE, Suciu-Foca N, Hum Immunol 2009 70 8 589 594 10.1016/j.humimm.2009. 04.018 19375470
45. Development of posttransplant antidonor HLA antibodies is associated with acute humoral rejection and early graft dysfunction. Zhang Q, Liang LW, Gjertson DW, Lassman C, Wilkinson AH, Kendrick E, Pham PTT, Danovitch GM, Gritsch HA, Reed EF, Transplantation 2005 79 5 591 598 10.1097/01.TP.0000155246. 52249.AC 15753849 (Pubitemid 40365888)
46. Pretransplant risk assessment in renal allograft recipients using virtual crossmatching. Bielmann D, Honger G, Lutz D, Mihatsch MJ, Steiger J, Schaub S, Am J Transplant 2007 7 3 626 632 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01667.x 17352712 (Pubitemid 46376450)
47. Anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies detected in positive B-cell crossmatches by Luminex predict late graft loss. Eng HS, Bennett G, Tsiopelas E, Lake M, Humphreys I, Chang SH, Coates PTH, Russ GR, Am J Transplant 2008 8 11 2335 2342 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02387.x 18782289
48. Value of donor-specific antibody detection in first-graft renal transplant recipients with a negative complement-dependent cytotoxic crossmatch. Mahmoud KM, Ismail AM, Sheashaa HA, Gheith OA, Kamal MM, Ghoneim MA, Exp Clin Transplant 2009 7 2 124 128 19715518
49. Pretransplant soluble CD30 is a better predictor of posttransplant development of donor-specific antibodies and acute vascular rejection than panel reactive antibodies. Vaidya S, Partlow D, Barnes T, Gugliuzza K, Transplantation 2006 82 12 1606 1609 10.1097/01.tp.0000248530.66421.50 17198244 (Pubitemid 46035636)
50. Pretransplant donor-specific antibodies in cytotoxic negative crossmatch kidney transplants: are they relevant? Gupta A, Iveson V, Varagunam M, Bodger S, Sinnott P, Thuraisingham RC, Transplantation 2008 85 8 1200 1204 10.1097/TP.0b013e31816b1c37 18431242 (Pubitemid 351590199)
51. Identification of the antibodies involved in B-cell crossmatch positivity in renal transplantation. Le Bas-Bernardet S, Hourmant M, Valentin N, Paitier C, Giral-Classe M, Curry S, Follea G, Soulillou JP, Bignon JD, Transplantation 2003 75 4 477 482 10.1097/01.TP.0000047311.77702.59 12605113 (Pubitemid 36241142)
52. Living donor renal transplantation in the presence of donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibody detected by solid-phase assay. Phelan D, Mohanakumar T, Ramachandran S, Jendrisak MD, Hum Immunol 2009 70 8 584 588 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.05.007 19477211
53. Pretransplant cellular alloimmunity as assessed by a panel of reactive T cells assay correlates with acute renal graft rejection. Poggio ED, Augustine JJ, Clemente M, Danzig JM, Volokh N, Zand MS, Hricik DE, Heeger PS, Transplantation 2007 83 7 847 852 10.1097/01.tp.0000258730.75137.39 17460554 (Pubitemid 46682724)
54. B cell positive cross-match not due to anti-HLA class I antibodies and first kidney graft outcome. Pratico-Barbato L, Conca R, Magistroni P, Leonardi G, Oda A, Rosati F, Leone E, Tacconella M, Roggero S, Segoloni GP, et al. Transpl Immunol 2008 19 3-4 238 243 18675725
55. Preoperative single-bolus high-dose antithymocyte globulin as induction therapy in sensitized renal transplant recipients. Wang D, Wu WZ, Yang SL, Chen JH, Tan JM, Chin Med J (Engl) 2006 119 20 1683 1688 17097014 (Pubitemid 44697231)
56. Comparison of two drug regimens upon clinical outcome among renal transplant recipients with positive flow cytometric crossmatches. Kimball P, Wagner B, King A, Fisher RA, Dawson S, Cotterell A, Posner M, Clin Transplant 2002 16 4 290 294 10.1034/j.1399-0012.2002.01147.x 12099986 (Pubitemid 34830846)
57. Preexisting donor-specific HLA antibodies predict outcome in kidney transplantation. Lefaucheur C, Loupy A, Hill GS, Andrade J, Nochy D, Antoine C, Gautreau C, Charron D, Glotz D, Suberbielle-Boissel C, J Am Soc Nephrol 2010 21 8 1398 1407 10.1681/ASN.2009101065 20634297
58. Impact of human leukocyte antigen matching and recipients' panel reactive antibodies on two-year outcome in presensitized renal allograft recipients. Meng HL, Jin XB, Li XT, Wang HW, Lu JJ, Chin Med J (Engl) 2009 122 4 420 426 19302748
59. Positive remote crossmatch: impact on short-term and long-term outcome in cadaver renal transplantation. Noreen HJ, McKinley DM, Gillingham KJ, Matas AJ, Segall M, Transplantation 2003 75 4 501 505 10.1097/01.TP.0000048225.98745.64 12605118 (Pubitemid 36241147)
60. Non-HLA transplantation immunity revealed by lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Opelz G, Lancet 2005 365 9470 1570 1576 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66458-6 15866311 (Pubitemid 40615406)
61. T-cell flow-cytometry crossmatch and long-term renal graft survival. Rebibou JM, Carvalho Bittencourt M, Saint-Hillier Y, Chabod J, Dupont I, Bittard H, Chalopin JM, Herve P, Tiberghien P, Clin Transplant 2004 18 5 558 563 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2004.00226.x 15344960 (Pubitemid 39264354)
62. Renal graft survival is not influenced by a positive flow B-cell crossmatch. Bryan CF, Wakefield M, Reese JC, Shield CF, Warady BA, Winklhofer FT, Murillo D, Clin Transplant 2007 21 1 72 79 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2006.00585.x 17302594
63. B-cell crossmatching and kidney allograft outcome in 9031 United States transplant recipients. Mahoney RJ, Taranto S, Edwards E, Hum Immunol 2002 63 4 324 335 10.1016/S0198-8859(02)00363-4 12039415 (Pubitemid 34303704)
64. Repeat renal allografts treated with sirolimus, cyclosporine, anti-thymocyte globulin induction and continuous steroids achieve similar immunosuppressive efficacy as primary transplants. Petero VG, Kaposztas Z, Kahan BD, Clin Transplant 2010 24 2 243 251 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01055.x 19694771
65. Human leukocyte antigens DR and AB and kidney retransplantation. Thompson JS, Thacker Ii LR, Krishnan G, Transplantation 2003 75 5 718 723 10.1097/01.TP.0000048376.79803.C1 12640315 (Pubitemid 36337374)
66. Low levels of human leukocyte antigen donor-specific antibodies detected by solid phase assay before transplantation are frequently clinically irrelevant. Aubert V, Venetz JP, Pantaleo G, Pascual M, Hum Immunol 2009 70 8 580 583 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.04.011 19375474
67. Detection of donor-specific antibodies using HLA-coated microspheres: another tool for kidney transplant risk stratification. Gibney EM, Cagle LR, Freed B, Warnell SE, Chan L, Wiseman AC, Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006 21 9 2625 2629 10.1093/ndt/gfl202 16644776 (Pubitemid 44644542)
68. Donor-specific antibodies by flow single antigen beads in pediatric living donor kidney transplants: single center experience. Roberti I, Vyas S, Pancoska C, Pediatr Transplant 2007 11 8 901 905 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2007.00793. x 17976126 (Pubitemid 350043298)
69. Clinical relevance of pretransplant donor-directed antibodies detected by single antigen beads in highly sensitized renal transplant patients. Van Den Berg-Loonen EM, Billen EVA, Voorter CEM, Van Heurn LWE, Claas FHJ, Van Hooff JP, Christiaans MHL, Transplantation 2008 85 8 1086 1090 10.1097/TP. 0b013e31816b3ed1 18431226 (Pubitemid 351590184)
70. Impaired graft survival in pediatric renal transplant recipients with donor-specific antibodies detected by solid-phase assays. Verghese PS, Smith JM, McDonald RA, Schwartz SM, Nelson KA, Warner PR, Pediatr Transplant 2010 14 6 730 734 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2009.01281.x 20598090
71. Outcome of patients with preformed donor-specific antibodies following alemtuzumab induction and tacrolimus monotherapy. Willicombe M, Brookes P, Santos-Nunez E, Galliford J, Ballow A, McLean A, Roufosse C, Cook HT, Dorling A, Warrens AN, et al. Am J Transplant 2011 11 3 470 477 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010. 03421.x 21299828
72. Clinical relevance of human leukocyte antigen antibodies in kidney transplantation from deceased donors: the North Italy Transplant program approach. Poli F, Cardillo M, Scalamogna M, Hum Immunol 2009 70 8 631 635 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.06.006 19527758
73. OPTN, SRTR, OPTN and SRTR Annual data report 2010 Available at http://optn.transport.hrsa.gov/data/annualreport.asp. Access date: Jan 2012
74. OPTN, HRSA, OPTN and HRSA registry data 2012 Available at http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/latestData/step2.asp. Access date: Jan 2012
75. Transplanting the highly sensitized patient: the emory algorithm. Bray RA, Nolen JDL, Larsen C, Pearson T, Newell KA, Kokko K, Guasch A, Tso P, Mendel JB, Gebel HM, Am J Transplant 2006 6 10 2307 2315 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006. 01521.x 16939516 (Pubitemid 44359415)
76. USRDS, US Renal Data System, USRDS 2011 Annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Available at http://www.usrds.org/atlas11.aspx. Access date: Feb 2012
77. Significance of the positive crossmatch test in kidney transplantation. Patel R, Terasaki PI, N Engl J Med 1969 280 14 735 739 10.1056/ NEJM196904032801401 4886455
78. Blood transfusions in organ transplant patients: mechanisms of sensitization and implications for prevention. Scornik JC, Meier-Kriesche HU, Am J Transplant 2011 11 9 1785 1791 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03705.x 21883910
79. Dominant effect of transfusions on kidney graft survival. Opelz G, Terasaki PI, Transplantation 1980 29 2 153 158 10.1097/00007890-198002000-00013 6986688 (Pubitemid 10176297)
80. Effect of donor-specific transfusions on the outcome of renal allografts in the cyclosporine era. Marti HP, Henschkowski J, Laux G, Vogt B, Seiler C, Opelz G, Frey FJ, Transpl Int 2006 19 1 19 26 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2005.00233.x 16359373
81. Antibody-mediated vascular rejection of kidney allografts: a population-based study. Lefaucheur C, Loupy A, Vernerey D, Duong-Van-Huyen JP, Suberbielle C, Anglicheau D, Verine J, Beuscart T, Nochy D, Bruneval P, et al. Lancet 2013 381 9863 313 319 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61265-3 23182298
82. How important is transfusion avoidance in 2013? Macdougall IC, Obrador GT, Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013 28 5 1092 1099 10.1093/ndt/gfs575 23486660
83. Effect of red cell transfusions on future kidney transplantation. Obrador GT, Macdougall IC, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013 8 5 852 860 10.2215/CJN.00020112 23085723