Towards a comprehensive system of methodological considerations for cities' climate targets

Energy Policy

Volumn 62, Issue , 2013, Pages 1276-1287

  Kramers, Anna ^a   Wangel, Josefin ^a   Johansson, Stefan ^a   Höjer, Mattias ^a   Finnveden, Göran ^a   Brandt, Nils ^a  

^a ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Assessment of cities' targets; Cities' climate targets; Methodological framework

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE TARGETS; COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM; EUROPEAN CITIES; GHG EMISSION; METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS; SYSTEM BOUNDARY; TARGET SETTING;

ENERGY POLICY;

GREENHOUSE GASES;

EMISSION; GREENHOUSE GAS; METHODOLOGY; URBAN CLIMATE;

EUROPE;

EID: 84884978286     PISSN: 03014215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.093     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Baccini P., Brunner P.H. Metabolism of the Anthroposphere 1991, Springer, Berlin.
2. Baynes T., Lenzen M., Steinberger J., Bai X. Comparison of household consumption and regional production approaches to assess urban energy use and implications for policy. Energy Policy 2011, 39(2011):7298-7309.
3. Copenhagen, 2009a. Copenhagen CLIMATE PLan - The Short Version. Available from: http://www.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/LivingInCopenhagen/ClimateAndEnvironment.aspx.
4. Copenhagen, 2009b. Copenhagen Climate Plan - The Short Version. Available from: http://www.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/LivingInCopenhagen/ClimateAndEnvironment.aspx.
5. Dhakal S., Shrestha R.M. Bridging the research gaps for carbon emissions and their management in cities. Energy Policy 2010, 38(9):4753-4755.
6. Dreborg K.H. Essence of Backcasting. Futures 1996, 28(9):813-828.
7. Ellegård K. A time-geographical approach to the study of everyday life of individuals - a challenge of complexity. GeoJournal 1999, 48(3):167-175.
8. European Green Capital, 2012. Official webpage. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/index_en.htm.
9. Finnveden G., Hauschild M.Z., Ekvall T., Guinee J., Heijungs R., Hellweg S., Koehler A., Pennington D., Suh S. Recent developments in life cycle assessment. Journal of Environmental Management 2009, 91:1-21.
10. Finnveden G., Moberg Å. Environmental system analysis tools - an overview. Journal of Cleaner Production 2005, 13:1165-1173.
11. Freiburg, 2011a. Freiburg Green City, Approaches to Sustainability. Available from: http://www.fwtm.freiburg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1182949_l1/index.html.
12. Freiburg, 2011b. Head of Energy Department.
13. Glaeser E., Kahn M. The greenness of cities: carbon dioxide emissions and urban development. Journal of Urban Economics 2010, 67:404-418.
14. GPC, 2012. Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Pilot Version 1.0. Available from: Y〈Y〉. http://www.c40cities.org/.
15. Guinée J.B., Udo de Haes H.A., Huppes G. Quantitative life cycle assessment of products: 1. Goal definition and inventory. Journal of Cleaner Production 1993, 1:3-13.
16. Guinée J.B., Heijungs R., Udo de Haes H.A., Huppes G. Quantitative life cycle assessment of products: 2. Classification, valuation and improvement analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production 1993, 1:3-13.
17. Guinée J.B., Heijungs R., Huppes G., Zamagni A., Masoni P., Buonamici R., Ekvall T., Rydberg T. Life cycle assessment: past, present and future. Environmental Science & Technology 2011, 45:90-96.
18. Hamburg, 2011a. Hamburger Klima & Energiportal, Hamburg Climate Action Plan 2010-2011 Available from: http://klima.hamburg.de./klimaschutzkonzept.
19. Hamburg, 2011b. Climate Control Center, Ministry of Urban Development and Environment.
20. Heinonen J., Junnila S. Case study on the carbon consumption of two metropolitan cities. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2011, 16:569-579.
21. Heinonen J., Junnila S. Implications of urban structure on carbon consumption in metropolitan areas. Environmental Research Letters 2011, 6:014018.
22. Heinonen J., Kyrö R., Junnila S. Dense downtown living more carbon intense due to higher consumption, a case study of Helsinki. Environmental Research Letter 2011, 6:034034.
23. Hendrickson C., Horvath A., Joshi S., Lave L. Economic input-output models for environmental life-cycle assessment. Environmental Science & Technology 1998, 32:184A-191A.
24. Hillman T., Ramaswami A. Carbon footprints and embodied carbon at multiple scales. Environmental Science & Technology 2010, 44(6):1902-1910.
25. Höjer M., et al. Images of the future city. Time and space for Sustainable Development 2011, Springer. first ed.
26. Hoornweg D., Sugar L., Trejos Gómez C.L. Cities and greenhouse gas emissions moving forward. Environment and Urbanization 2011, 23(1):207-227.
27. Huppes G., de Koning A., Suh S., Heijungs R., van Oers L., Nielsen P., Guinée J.B. Environmental impacts of consumption in the European union using detailed input-output analysis. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2006, 10(3):129-146.
28. ICLEI, 2009. International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP). Available from: http://www.iclei.org/index.php?id=ghgprotocol.
29. ICLEI, 2011. Community-Scale GHG Emissions Accounting and Reporting Protocol. Available from: http://www.icleiusa.org/library/documents/Community_Protocol_Draft_Framework.pdf.
30. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2006. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Available from: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html.
31. ISO, 2006. ISO 14040 International Standard. In: Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework. International Organisation for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
32. Jeswani H.K., Azapagic A., Schepelmann P., Ritthoff M. Options for broadening and deepening the LCA approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production 2010, 18:120-127.
33. Jonsson D.K., Gustafsson S., Wangel J., Höjer M., Lundqvist P., Svane Ö. Energy at your service: highlighting energy usage systems in the context of energy efficiency analysis. Energy Efficiency 2011, 4:335-369.
34. Joshi S. Product environmental life-cycle assessment using input-output techniques. Journal of Industrial Ecology 1999, 3(2-3):95-120.
35. Kennedy C., Steinberger J., Gasson B., Hansen Y., Hillman T., Havránek M., Pataki D., Phdungsilp A., Ramaswami A., Mendez G.V. Greenhouse gas emissions from global cities. Environmental Science and Technology 2009, 45(8):3816-3817.
36. Kennedy C., Steinberger J., Gasson B., Hansen Y., Hillman T., Havránek M., Pataki D., Phdungsilp A., Ramaswami A., Mendez G.V. Methodology for inventorying greenhouse gas emissions from global cities. Energy Policy 2010, 38(9):4828-4837.
37. Larsen H.N., Hertwich E.G. Implementing carbon-footprint-based calculation tools in municipal greenhouse gas inventories. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2010, 14(6):965-977.
38. Lave L.B., Cobas-Flores E., Hendrickson C.T., McMichael F.C. Using input-output analysis to estimate economy-wide discharges. Environmental Science and Technology 1995, 29:420A-426A.
39. Lebel L., Garden P., Banaticla M.R.N., Lasco R.D., Contreras A., Mitra A.P., Sharma C., Nguyen H.T., Ooi G.L., Sari A. Integrating carbon management into the development strategies of urbanizing regions in Asia - Implications of urban function, form, and role. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2007, 11(2):61-81.
40. Lenzen M. Errors in conventional and input-output-based life-cycle inventories. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2000, 4:127-148.
41. Lenzen M., Dey C., Foran B. Energy requirements of Sydney households. Ecological Economics 2004, 49:375-399.
42. Malmö, 2011a. Climate-Smart Malmö, Making Sustainability a Reality. Available from: http://www.malmo.se/download/18.58f28d93121ca033d5e800079/Klimatbroschyr_090409EN.pdf.
43. Malmö, 2011b. Miljöprogram för Malmö stad 2009-2020. Available from: http://www.malmo.se/Medborgare/Miljo--hallbarhet/Miljoarbetet-i-Malmo-stad/Miljoprogram-for-Malmo-stad.html.
44. Malmö, 2011c. Begränsad klimatpåverkan. Available from: http://www.malmo.se/Medborgare/Miljo--hallbarhet/Miljolaget-i-Malmo/Miljon-2008.html.
45. Malmö, 2011d. Miljöförvaltningen, Malmö.
46. Matthews H.S., Hendrickson C.T., Weber C.L. The importance of carbon footprint estimation boundaries. Environmental Science and Technology 2008, 42:5839-5842.
47. Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions 1985, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. R. Miller, P.D. Blair (Eds.).
48. Mindali O., Raveh A., Salomon I. Urban density and energy consumption: a new look on old statistics. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2004, 38(2):143-162.
49. Moll H.C., Noorman K.J., Kok R., Engström R., Throne-Holst H., Clark C. Bringing about more sustainable consumption patterns: analysing and evaluating the household metabolism in European countries and cities. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2005, 9:259-276.
50. Münster, 2011a. Klimaschutzkonzept 2020 für die Stadt Münster. Available from: http://www.muenster.de/stadt/umwelt/klima_energie.html.
51. Münster, 2011b. Amt für Grünflächen und Umweltschutz Koordinierungsstelle für Klima und Energie.
52. Murakami S., Kawakubo S., Asami Y., Ikaga T., Yamaguchi N., Kaburagi S. Development of a comprehensive city assessment tool: CASBEE-City. Building Research and Information 2011, 39(3):195-210.
53. Nantes, Métropole, 2006. Assistance à l'élaboration d'un outil d'évaluation des consommations énergétiques et des émissions de CO2.
54. Nantes, Métropole, 2011. Project Office, Energies Unit Nantes Métropole.
55. Ness B., Urbel-Piirsalu E., Anderberg S., Olsson L. Categorising tools for sustainability assessment. Ecological Economics 2006, 60(3):498-508.
56. Oslo, 2009. Climate and Energy Strategy. Available from: http://www.byradsavdeling-for-miljo-og-samferdsel.oslo.kommune.no/miljo_og_klima/english/climate_and_energy_strategy/.
57. Palm V., Wadeskog A., Finnveden G. Swedish experiences of using environmental accounts data for integrated product policy (IPP) issues. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2006, 10(3):57-72.
58. Persson, Å., Jonsson, D.J., Nilsson, L.J., Nilsson, M., Finnveden, G., 2007, Kompletterande miljömål med fokus på sektorsmål. TRITA-INFRA-FMS: 13. KTH, Stockholm.
59. Ramaswami A., Hillman T., Janson B., Reiner M., Thomas G. A demand-centered, hybrid life-cycle methodology for city-scale greenhouse gas inventories. Environmental Science and Technology 2008, 42(17):6455-6461.
60. Ramaswami A., Chavez A., Ewing-Thiel J., Reeve K.E. Two approaches to greenhouse gas emissions foot-printing at the city scale. Environmental Science and Technology 2011, 45(10):4205-4206.
61. Schulz N. Delving into the carbon footprints of Singapore-comparing direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions of a small and open economic system. Energy Policy 2010, 38:4848-4855.
62. Schwietzke S., Griffin W.M., Matthews H.S. Relevance of emissions timing in biofuel greenhouse gases and climate impacts. Environmental Science and Technology 2011, 45:8197-8203.
63. SEI, 2012. Global miljöpåverkan och lokala fotavtryck - analys av fyra svenska kommuners totala konsumtion (Global Environmental Impact and Local Footprints - An Analysis of the Total Consumption of Four Swedish Municipalities) ISBN: 978-91-86125-39-4. Last accessed 2012-09-20 at http://www.sei.se.
64. Sovacool B.K., Brown M.A. Twelve metropolitan carbon footprints: a preliminary comparative global assessment. Energy Policy 2010, 38(9):4856-4869.
65. Stockholm, 2010. The City of Stockholm's Climate Initiatives. Available from: http://www.stockholm.se/KlimatMiljo/Klimat/.
66. Stockholm, 2011. Climate Coordinator, City of Stockholm.
67. Suh S., Lenzen M., Treloar G.J., Hondo H., Horvath A., Huppes G., Jolliet O., Klann U., Krewitt W., Moriguchi Y., Munksgaard J., Norris G. System boundary selection in life cycle inventories using hybrid approaches. Environmental Science and Technology 2004, 38:657-664.
68. Handbook of Input Output Economics in Industrial Ecology 2009, Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York. S. Suh (Ed.).
69. Säynäjoki A., Heinonen J., Junnila S. A scenario analysis of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of a new residential area. Environmental Research Letter 2012, 7:10.
70. Tukker A., Jansen B. Environmental impacts of products: a detailed review of studies. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2006, 10(3):159-182.
71. Tukker A., Poliakov E., Heijungs R., Hawkins T., Neuwahl F., Rueda-Cantuche J.M., Giljum S., Moll S., Oosterhaven J., Bouwmeester M. Towards a global multi-regional environmentally extended input-output database. Ecological Economics 2009, 68:1928-1937.
72. Weber C.L., Matthews H.S. Quantifying the global and distributional aspect of American carbon footprint. Ecological Economics 2008, 379-391.
73. Weidema B., Notten P., Suh S. Prioritising within the product-oriented environmental policy - The Danish perspectives. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2006, 10(3):73-87.
74. Wiedmann T., Lenzen M, Turner K., Barrett J. Examining the global environmental impact of regional consumption activities - Part 2: Review of input-output models for the assessment of environmental impacts embodied in trade. Ecological Economics 2007, 61:15-26.
75. Wiedmann T., Wilting H.C., Lenzen M., Lutter S., Palm V. Quo Vadis MRIO? Methodological, data and institutional requirements for multi-region input-output analysis. Ecological economics 2011, 70:1937-1945.
76. Williams K. Urban intensification policies in England: problems and contradictions. Land Use Policy 1999, 16(3):167-178.
77. Wrisberg N., Udo de Haes H.A., Triebswetter U., Eder P., Clift R. Analytical tools for environmental design and management in a systems perspective 2002, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
78. WRI-WBCSD, 2004. A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. Available from: World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). http://www.ghgprotocol.org/standards/corporate-standard.
79. WRI-WBCSD, 2011. Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard. Available from: World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). http://www.ghgprotocol.org/standards/scope-3-standard.