Unequal chances: Family background and economic success

Unequal Chances: Family Background and Economic Success

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Bowles, Samuel ^a   Gintis, Herbert ^a   Groves, Melissa Osborne ^a  

^a SANTA FE INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884024841     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (363)

1. Abowd, John M., and David Card. 1989. "On the Covariance Structure of Earnings and Hours Changes." Econometrica 57 (2): 411-45.
2. Ahern, F. M., R. C. Johnson, J. R. Wilson, J. R. McClaren, and S. G. Andenberg. 1982. "Family Resemblances in Personality." Behavior Genetics 12:261-80.
3. Altonji, Joseph G., and Thomas A. Dunn. 1991. "Relationships among the Family Incomes and Labor Market Outcomes of Relatives." Pp. 269-310 in Research in Labor Economics, edited by Ronald G. Ehrenberg. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
4. Altonji, Joseph G. 1996. "The Effects of Family Characteristics on the Return to Education." The Review of Economics and Statistics 78 (4): 665-71.
5. Altonji, Joseph G. 2000. "An Intergenerational Model of Wages, Hours, and Earnings." Journal of Human Resources 35 (2): 221-58.
6. Altonji, Joseph G., and Lewis M. Segal. 1996. "Small-Sample Bias in GMM Estimation of Covariance Structures." Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 14 (3): 353-66.
7. Anderson, Elizabeth. 2000. "What Is the Point of Equality?" Ethics 109:287-337.
8. Andrisani, Paul, and Gilbert Nestel. 1976. "Internal-External Control as Contributor to and Outcome of Work Experience." Journal of Applied Psychology 61 (2): 156-65.
9. Applebaum, Eileen, and Ross Koppel. 1978. "The Impact of Work Attitudes Formed Prior to Labor Market Entry on the Process of Early Labor Market Attainment." Pp. 175-212 in Work Attitudes and Labor Market Experience: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Surveys, edited by Paul Andrisani. New York: Praeger.
10. Argyle, Michael. 1994. The Psychology of Social Class. New York: Routledge.
11. Arneson. 2000. "Luck Egalitarianism and Prioritarianism." Ethics 110 (2): 339-49.
12. Arnold, F., and Z. Liu. 1986. "Sex Preference, Fertility and Family Planning in China." Population and Development Review 12:221-46.
13. Ashenfelter, Orley, and Alan Krueger. 1994. "Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling from a New Sample of Twins." American Economic Review 84, no. 5 (December): 1157-72.
14. Ashenfelter, Orley, and Cecelia Rouse. 1998. "Income, Schooling, and Ability: Evidence from a New Sample of Identical Twins." Quarterly Journal of Economics 113:317-23.
15. Ashenfelter, Orley, and David Zimmerman. 1997. "Estimates of the Returns to Schooling from Sibling Data: Fathers, Sons, and Brothers." The Review of Economics and Statistics 79 (1): 1-9.
16. Atkinson, A.B., A.K. Maynard, and C.G. Trinder. 1983. "Earnings: From Father to Son?" in Parents and Children: Incomes in Two Generations, edited by A. B. Atkinson, A. K. Maynard, and C. G. Trinder. London: Heinemann Educational Books.
17. Baker, Michael. 1997. "Growth-Rate Heterogeneity and the Covariance Structure of Life Cycle Earnings." Journal of Labor Economics 15 (2): 338-75.
18. Baker, Michael, and Gary Solon. 2003. "Earnings Dynamics and Inequality among Canadian Men, 1976-1992: Evidence from Longitudinal Tax Records." Journal of Labor Economics 21 (2): 289-321.
19. Barrick, Murray R., and Michael K. Mount. 1991. "The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis," Personnel Psychology 44 (1): 1-26.
20. Barry, Brian. 1988. "Equal Opportunity and Moral Arbitrariness." In Equality of Opportunity, edited by Norman Bowie. Boulder, Col.: Westview.
21. Baumrind, D. 1967. "Child Care Practices Anteceding Three Patterns of Preschool Behavior." Genetic Psychology Monographs 75:43-88.
22. Becker, Gary S. 1988. "Family Economics and Macro Behavior." American Economic Review 78:1-13.
23. Becker, Gary S., and Nigel Tomes. 1979. "An Equilibrium Theory of the Distribution of Income and Intergenerational Mobility." Journal of Political Economy 87:1153-89.
24. Becker, Gary S. 1986. "Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families." Journal of Labor Economics 4:S1-S39.
25. Behrman, Jere R., and Paul Taubman. 1985. "Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in the United States: Some Estimates and a Test of Becker's Intergenerational Endowments Model." Review of Economics and Statistics 67:144-51.
26. Behrman, Jere R. 1995. "The Intergenerational Correlation between Children's Adult Earnings and Their Parents' Income: Results from the Michigan Panel Survey of Income Dynamics." Pp. 229-48 in From Parent to Child, edited by Jere Behrman, Robert Pollack, and Paul Taubman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
27. Behrman, Jere R., Paul Taubman, and Terence Wales. 1977. "Controlling for and Measuring the Effects of Genetics and Family Environment in Equations for Schooling and Labor Market Success." In Kinometrics: Determinants of Socioeconomic Success within and between Families, edited by Paul Taubman. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
28. Benabou, Roland. 2000. "Meritocracy, Redistribution, and the Size of the Pie." In Meritocracy and Economic Inequality, edited by Kenneth Arrow, Samuel Bowles, and Steven Durlauf. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
29. Björklund Anders, and Laura Chadwick. 2002. "Intergenerational Income Mobility in Permanent and Separated Families." Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University.
30. Björklund Anders, Tor Eriksson, Markus Jantti, Oddbjorn Raaum, and Eva Osterbacka. 2002. "Brother Correlations in Earnings in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden Compared to the United States." Journal of Population Economics 15 (4): 757-72.
31. Björklund Anders, and Markus Jäntti. 1997. "Intergenerational Mobility of Economic Status: Is the United States Different?" Paper prepared for the American Economics Association meeting in New Orleans.
32. Björklund Anders, and Markus Jäntti. 2000. "Intergenerational Mobility of Socioeconomic Status in Comparative Perspective." Nordic Journal of Political Economy 26 (1): 3-33.
33. Björklund Anders, Markus Jäntti, and Gary Solon. 2005. "Influences of Nature and Nurture on Earnings Variation: A Report on a Study of Various Sibling Types in Sweden." This volume.
34. Blalock, Hubert. 1964. Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
35. Blau, Peter Michael, and Otis Dudley Duncan. 1967. The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley.
36. Blau, Francine, and Lawrence Kahn. 2001. "Do Cognitive Test Scores Explain Higher U.S. Wage Inequality?" Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 8210.
37. Bongaarts, J., and S. Watkins. 1996. "Social Interactions and Contemporary Fertility Transitions." Population and Development Review 22 (4): 639-82.
38. Bouchard, T. J., Jr., and J. C. Loehlin. 2001. "Genes, Evolution, and Personality." Behavior Genetics 31:243-73.
39. Bouchard, T., D. Lykken, M. McGue, N. Segal, and A. Tellegen. 1990. "Sources of Human Psychological Differences: The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart." Science 250:223-28.
40. Bouchard, T. J., Jr., and M. McGue. 1981. "Familial Studies of Intelligence." Science 212:1055-1059.
41. Bowles, Samuel. 1972. "Schooling and Inequality from Generation to Generation." Journal of Political Economy 80: S219-51.
42. Bowles, Samuel. 1995. "Elusive Skills and Escalating Differences: The Place of Cognitive Abilities in the Explanation of Inequality." Manuscript. Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts.
43. Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. 1976. Schooling in Capitalist America. New York: Basic Books.
44. Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. 1996. "Productive Skills, Labor Discipline, and the Returns to Schooling." Working paper #1996-10. Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts.
45. Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. 2001. "The Inheritance of Economic Status: Education, Class and Genetics." In Genetics, Behavior and Society, edited by Marcus Feldman. Oxford: Elsevier.
46. Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. 2002. "The Inheritance of Inequality." Journal of Economic Perspectives 16:3-30.
47. Bowles, Samuel, Herbert Gintis, and Melissa Osborne. 2001a. "Incentive- Enhancing Preferences: Personality, Behavior, and Earnings." American Economic Review 91 (2): 155-58.
48. Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. 2001b. "The Determinants of Earnings: A Behavioral Approach." Journal of Economic Literature 39 (4): 1137-76.
49. Bowles, Samuel, and Valerie Nelson. 1973. "The Inheritance of IQ and the Intergenerational Reproduction of Economic Inequality." The Review of Economics and Statistics, 56 (1): 39-51.
50. Bowles, Samuel, and Valerie Nelson. 1974. "The Inheritance of IQ and the Intergenerational Reproduction of Economic Inequality." Review of Economics and Statistics 56 (1): 39-51.
51. Bradley, R., and R. Corwyn. 2003. "'Family Process' Investments that Matter for Child Well-Being." In Family Investments in Children: Resources and Parenting Behaviors that Promote Success, edited by A. Kalil and T. DeLeire. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
52. Bureau of Labor Statistics Household Data. 1999. "Employed Persons by Occupation and Age." Table A-19.
53. Burtless, Gary, and Christopher Jencks. 2003. "American Inequality and Its Consequences." In Agenda for the Nation, edited by Henry Aaron, James Lindsay, and Pietro Nivola. Washington, D.C.: Brookings.
54. Cairns, R., B. Cairns, H. Xie, M. Leung, and S. Hearne. 1998. "Paths across Generations: Academic Competence and Aggressive Behaviors in Young Mothers and Their Children." Developmental Psychology 34 (6): 1162-74.
55. Canivez, Gary L., and Marley W. Watkins. 1998. "Long-term Stability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition." Psychological Assessment 10 (3): 285-91.
56. Capaldi, D. and S. Clark. 1998. "Prospective Family Predictors of Aggression toward Female Partners for At-Risk Young Men." Developmental Psychology 34:1175-88.
57. Card, David. 1994. "Intertemporal Labor Supply: An Assessment." In Advances in Econometrics, Sixth World Congress, vol. 2, edited by Christopher A. Sims. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
58. Carlson, M., and M. Corcoran. 2001. "Family Structure and Children's Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes." Journal of Marriage and Family 63 (3): 779-92.
59. Carlson, Marcia J. 1999. "Family Structure, Father Involvement and Adolescent Behavioral Outcomes." Ph.D. diss. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
60. Carmichael, Crista, and Matt McGue. 1994. "A Longitudinal Family Study of Personality Change and Stability." Journal of Personality 62 (1): 1-20.
61. Carmines, Edward and Richard Zeller. 1979. Reliability and Validity Assessment. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications.
62. Case, Anne, and Lawrence Katz. 1991. "The Company You Keep: The Effects of Family and Neighborhood on Disadvantaged Youth." Working Paper 3705. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
63. Case, Anne, Darren Lubotsky, and Christina Paxson. 2001. "Economic Status and Health in Childhood: The Origins of the Gradient." NBER Working Paper No. W8344.
64. Cavalli-Sforza, L.-L., and M. W. Feldman. 1981. Cultural Transmission and Evolution: A Quantitative Approach. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
65. Cavalli-Sforza, L.-L., M. W. Feldman, K. H. Chen, and S. M. Dornbusch. 1982. "Theory and Observation in Cultural Transmission." Science 218:19-27.
66. Cawley, John, Karen Conneely, James Heckman, and Edward Vytlacil. 1996. "Measuring the Effects of Cognitive Ability." Manuscript. Department of Economics, University of Chicago.
67. Charles, Kerwin Kofi, and Erik Hurst. 2003. "The Correlation of Wealth Across Generations." Journal of Political Economy 111 (6): 1155-82.
68. Chassin, L., C. Presson, M. Todd, J. Rose, and S. Sherman. 1998. "Maternal Socialization of Adolescent Smoking: The Intergenerational Transmission of Parenting and Smoking." Developmental Psychology 34 (6): 1189-201.
69. Chen, K. H., L.-L. Cavalli-Sforza, and M. W. Feldman. 1982. "A Study of Cultural Transmission in Taiwan." Human Ecology 10 (3): 365-82.
70. Chuang, Y. C., and A. P. Wolf. 1995. "Marriage in Taiwan, 1881-1905." The Journal of Asian Studies 54 (3): 781-95.
71. Clark, Todd E. 1996. "Small-Sample Properties of Estimators of Nonlinear Models of Covariance Structure." Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 14 (3): 367-73.
72. Cloninger, C. R., and I. I. Gottesman. 1987. "Genetic and Environmental Factors in Antisocial Behavior Disorders." In The Causes of Crime, edited by S. Mednick, T. Moffit, and S. Stack. New York: Cambridge University Press.
73. Cloninger, C. Robert, John Rice, and Theodore Reich. 1979. "Multifactorial Inheritance with Cultural Transmission and Assortative Mating. II. A General Model of Combined Polygenic and Cultural Inheritance." American Journal of Human Genetics 31:176-98.
74. Coale, A. J., and J. Banister. 1994. "Mortality, Race, and the Family: Five Decades of Missing Females in China." Demography 31 (3): 459-79.
75. Cohen, G. A. 1989. "On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice." Ethics 99:906-44.
76. Cohen, G. A. 1995. "Incentives, Inequality and Community." In Equal Freedom, edited by Stephen Darwall. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
77. Cohen, G.A. 2000. If You're an Egalitarian, How Come You're So Rich? Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
78. Cohen, P., S. Kasen, J. Brook, and C. Hartmark. 1998. "Behavior Patterns of Young Children and Their Offspring: A Two-Generation Study." Developmental Psychology 34 (6): 1202-8.
79. Conley, James L. 1984. "Longitudinal Consistency of Adult Personality: Self- Reported Psychological Characteristics across 45 Years." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47 (6): 1325-33.
80. Cooper, Suzanne, Steven Durlauf, and Paul Johnson. 1994. "On the Evolution of Economic Status across Generations." American Economic Review 84 (2): 50-58.
81. Corak, Miles, and Andrew Heisz. 1999. "The Intergenerational Earnings and Income Mobility of Canadian Men: Evidence from Longitudinal Income Tax Data." Journal of Human Resources 34:504-33.
82. Corcoran, Mary. 2001. Mobility, Persistence, and the Consequences of Poverty for Children: Child and Adult Outcomes." In Understanding Poverty, edited by Sheldon Danziger and Robert Haveman. New York and Cambridge: Russell Sage Foundation and Harvard University Press.
83. Costa, Paul, Jr., and Robert McCrae. 1994. "Set like Plaster? Evidence for the Stability of Adult Personality." In Can Personality Change?, edited by Todd F. Heatherton and Joel L. Weinberger. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
84. Costa, Paul, Jr. 1997. "Longitudinal Stability of Adult Personality." In Handbook of Personality Psychology, edited by Robert Hogan, John Johnson, and Stephen Briggs. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.
85. Costa, Paul T., Robert McCrae, and David Arenberg. 1980. "Enduring Dispositions in Adult Males." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38 (5): 793-800.
86. Couch, Kenneth A., and Dean R. Lillard. 1994. "Sample Selection Rules and the Intergenerational Correlation of Earnings: A Comment on Solon and Zimmerman." Manuscript.
87. Crook, M. N. 1937. "Intra-Family Relationships in Personality Test Performance." Psychological Record 1:479-502.
88. Cunningham, M. 2001. "The Influence of Parental Attitudes and Behaviors on Children's Attitudes toward Gender and Household Labor in Early Adulthood." Journal of Marriage and Family 63 (1): 111-22.
89. D'Agostino, R. B., A. Balanger, and R. B. D'Agostino, Jr. 1990. "A Suggestion for Using Powerful and Informative Tests of Normality." American Statistician 44 (4): 316-21.
90. Daniels, M., B. Devlin, and K. Roeder. 1997. "Of genes and IQ." Pp. 45-70 in Intelligence, Genes, and Success, edited by B. Devlin, S. Fienberg, D. Resnick, and K. Roeder. New York: Springer-Verlag.
91. Das Gupta, M., and S. Li. 1999. "Gender Bias and Marriage Squeeze in China, South Korea and India, 1920-1990." Development and Change 30 (3): 619-52.
92. Davis-Friedmann, D. 1991. Long Lives: Chinese Elderly and the Communist Revolution. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
93. Dearden, Lorraine, Stephen Machin, and Howard Reed. 1997. "Intergenerational Mobility in Britain." Economic Journal 107:47-66.
94. Deaton, Angus. 1997. The Analysis of Household Surveys: A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
95. Devlin, Bernie, Michael Daniels, and Kathryn Roeder. 1997. "The Heritability of IQ." Nature 388 (31 July): 468-71.
96. Digman, J. M. 1990. "Personality Structure: Emergence of the Five-Factor Model." Annual Review of Psychology 41: 417-40.
97. Dodge, K., G. Pettit, and J. Bates. 1994. "Socialization Mediators of the Relation between Socioeconomic Status and Child Conduct Problems." Child Development 65 (2): 649-65.
98. Du, P. 1998. "Cohort Analysis of Changes of Living Arrangement of Chinese Elderly." [In Chinese.] Chinese Journal of Population Sciences 3: 53-58.
99. Du, P., and C. Wu. 1998. "Analysis of Main Sources of Income of the Chinese Elderly." [in Chinese]. Population Research 4:51-57.
100. DuBois, Philip. 1965. An Introduction to Psychological Statistics. New York: Harper and Row.
101. Duncan, G. J., and R. Dunifon. 1998. "'Soft-skills' and Long-run Labor Market Success." Research in Labor Economics 17:123-49.
102. Duncan, Greg, Ariel Kalil, Susan E. Mayer, Robin Tepper, and Monique R. Payne. 2005. "The Apple Does Not Fall Far from the Tree." This volume.
103. Duncan, Greg, and James Morgan. 1981. "Sense of Efficacy and Subsequent Change in Earnings-A Replication." Journal of Human Resources 16 (4): 649-57.
104. Duncan, Otis D. 1961. "A Socioeconomic Index for All Occupations." Pp. 109-38 in Occupations and Socioeconomic Status, edited by Albert J. Reiss, Jr. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
105. Duncan, Otis D. 1968. "Inheritance of Poverty or Inheritance of Race?" In On Understanding Poverty, edited by D. P. Moynihan. New York: Basic Books.
106. Duncan, Otis D. 1971. "Path Analysis: Sociological Examples." In Causal Models in the Social Sciences. Chicago: Aldine.
107. Duncan, Otis D., and David L. Featherman. 1973. "Psychological and Cultural Factors in the Process of Occupational Achievement." Pp. 229-53 in Structural Equation Models in the Social Sciences, edited by Arthur S. Goldberger and Otis D. Duncan. New York: Seminar Press.
108. Dunifon, Rachel, and Greg J. Duncan. 1998. "Long-Run Effects of Motivation on Labor-Market Success." Social Psychology Quarterly 61 (1): 33-48.
109. Dworkin, Ronald. 2000. Sovereign Virtue. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
110. Dyson, T., and M. Moore. 1983. "On Kinship Structure, Female Autonomy, and Demographic Behavior in India." Population and Development Review 9 (1): 35-60.
111. Eagly, Alice H. 1987. Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
112. Eaves, L., A. Heath, N. Martin, H. Maes, M. Neale, K. Kendler, K. Kirk, and L. Corey. 1999. "Comparing the Biological and Cultural Inheritance of Personality and Social Attitudes in the Virginia 30,000 Study of Twins and Their Relatives." Twin Research 2 (2): 62-80.
113. Edwards, Richard C. 1976. "Individual Traits and Organizational Incentives: What Makes a 'Good' Worker?" Journal of Human Resources 11 (1): 51-68.
114. Edwards, Richard C. 1977. "Personal Traits and 'Success' in Schooling and Work." Educational and Psychological Measurement 37 (1): 125-38.
115. Efron, B. 1982. The Jackknife, the Bootstrap, and Other Resampling Plans. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
116. Ellwood, David T., and Christopher Jencks. Forthcoming. "The Spread of Single- Parent Families in the United States since 1960." In Public Policy and the Future of the Family, edited by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Lee Rainwater, and Timothy Smeeding. New York: Russell Sage.
117. England, Paula. 1982. "The Failure of Human Capital Theory to Explain Occupational Sex Segregation." Journal of Human Resources 17 (3): 372-84.
118. Erikson, Robert, and John H. Goldthorpe. 1992. "The CASMIN Project and the American Dream." European Sociological Review 8:283-305.
119. Erikson, Robert, and John H. 2002. "Intergenerational Inequality: A Sociological Perspective." Journal of Economic Perspectives 16:31-44.
120. Estlund, David. 1998. "Liberalism, Equality, and Fraternity in Cohen's Critique of Rawls." Journal of Political Philosophy 6:99-112
121. Featherman, David, and Robert Hauser. 1976. "Changes in the Socioeconomic Stratification of the Races, 1962-73." American Journal of Sociology 82 (3): 621-51.
122. Feldman, Marcus W., Sarah P. Otto, and Freddy B. Christiansen. 2000. "Genes, Culture, and Inequality." In Meritocracy and Economic Inequality, edited by Kenneth Arrow, Samuel Bowles, and Steven Durlauf. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
123. Fertig, Angela. 2002. "Trends in Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in the U.S." Princeton University, Center for Research on Child Well-Being.
124. Filer, Randall K. 1981. "The Influence of Affective Human Capital on the Wage Equation." Research in Labor Economics 4:367-416.
125. Filer, Randall K. 1986. "The Role of Personality and Tastes in Determining Occupational Structure." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 39 (3): 412-24.
126. Finkel, D., and M. McGue. 1997. "Sex differences and Nonadditivity in Heritability of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Scales." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72:929-38.
127. Fishkin, James. 1983. Justice, Equality of Opportunity, and the Family. New Haven: Yale University Press.
128. Fiske, D. W. 1949. "Consistency of the Factorial Structures of Personality Ratings from Different Sources." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 44: 329-44.
129. Fitzgerald, John, Peter Gottschalk, and Robert Moffitt. 1998. "An Analysis of the Impact of Sample Attrition on the Second Generation of Respondents in the Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics." Journal of Human Resources 33 (2): 300-344;
130. Fleurbaey, Marc. 1995. "Equal Opportunity or Equal Social Outcome?" Economics and Philosophy 11:25-55.
131. Fleurbaey, Marc. 1998. "Equality among Responsible Individuals." In Freedom in Economics, edited by J. F. Laslier et al. London: Routledge.
132. Floud, Roderick, Kenneth Wachter, and Annabel Gregory. 1990. Height, Health and History: Nutritional Status in the United Kingdom, 1750-1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
133. Freedman, R., B. Moots, T. Sun, and M. Weinberger. 1978. "Household Composition and Extended Kinship in Taiwan." Population Studies 32 (1): 65-80.
134. Freeman, Richard B. 1994. Working Under Different Rules. New York: Russell Sage.
135. Gable, Myron, and Frank Dangello. 1994. "Locus of Control, Machiavellianism, and Managerial Job Performance." Journal of Psychology 128 (5): 599- 608.
136. Gale, William G., and John Karl Scholz. 1994."Intergenerational Transfers and the Accumulation of Wealth." Journal of Economic Perspectives 8 (4):145-60.
137. Galton, Francis. 1889. Natural Inheritance. London: Macmillan.
138. Ganschow, T. W. 1978. "Aged in a Revolutionary Milieu: China." In Aging and the Elderly: Humanistic Perspectives in Gerontology, edited by S. F. Spicker, K. M. Woodward, and D. D. Van-Tassel. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press.
139. Goldberger, Arthur S. 1978. "The Genetic Determination of Income: Comment." American Economic Review 68 (5): 960-69.
140. Goldberger, Arthur S. 1979. "Heritability." Economica 46 (184): 327-47.
141. Goldberger, Arthur S. 1989. "Economic and Mechanical Models of Intergenerational Transmission." American Economic Review 79, no. 3 (June): 504-13.
142. Goldberger, Arthur S. 1991. A Course in Econometrics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
143. Goldsmith, Arthur, Jonathon Veum, and William Darity. 1996. "The Psychological Impact of Unemployment and Joblessness." Journal of Socio-Economics 25 (3): 333-358.
144. Goldsmith, Arthur Jonathon Veum, and William Darity. 1997. "The Impact of Psychological and Human Capital on Wages." Economic Inquiry 35 (4):815-29.
145. Goleman, Daniel. 1995. Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam.
146. Goodman R., and J. Stevenson. 1989. "A Twin Study of Hyperactivity, II: The Aetiological Role of Genes, Family Relationships and Perinatal Adversity." Journal of Child Psychological Psychiatry 30:691-709.
147. Gordon, Roger H. 1984. Differences in Earnings and Ability. New York: Garland.
148. Gottschalk, Peter, and Robert A. Moffitt. 1994. "The Growth of Earnings Instability in the U.S. Labor Market." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, no. 2, pp. 217-254.
149. Graham, M., U. Larsen, and X. Xu. 1998. "Son preference in Anhui Province, China." International Family Planning Perspectives 24 (2): 72-77.
150. Grawe, Nathan D. 2000. "Lifecycle Bias in the Estimation of Intergenerational Income Persistence." Manuscript. University of Chicago.
151. Grawe, Nathan D. Forthcoming. "Exceptional Mobility in the U.S. and Abroad." In Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe, edited by Miles Corak. New York: Cambridge University Press.
152. Greene, William. 2000. Econometric Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
153. Greenhalgh, S. 1985. "Sexual Stratification: The Other Side of 'Growth with Equity' in East Asia." Population and Development Review 11:265-314.
154. Griliches, Zvi, and William Mason. 1972. "Education, Income, and Ability." Journal of Political Economy 80 (3): S74-S103.
155. Grusky, David, and Thomas DiPrete. 1990. "Recent Trends in the Process of Stratification." Demography 27 (4): 617-37.
156. Gu, B., and K. Roy. 1995. "Sex Ratio at Birth in China, with Reference to Other Areas in East Asia: What We Know." Asia-Pacific Population Journal 10 (3): 17-42.
157. Gu, S., X. Chen, and J. Liang. 1995. "Old-age Support System and Policy Reform in China." Paper presented at the International Conference on Aging in East-West, Seoul National University, Korea.
158. Guo, G., and E. Stearns. 1999. "The Social Influences on the Realization of Genetic Potential for Intellectual Development." Working paper. Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
159. Guo, Z., and G. Chen. 1999. "On Uxorilocal Marriage in Beijing with Data of 1995 One Percent Population Survey" [in Chinese]. Sociology Research 5: 94-104.
160. Haider, Steven, and Gary Solon. 2003. "Life-Cycle Variation in the Association between Current and Lifetime Earnings." Mimeo. September.
161. Hammel, E. A. 1990. "A Theory of Culture for Demography." Population and Development Review 16 (3): 455-85.
162. Han, C. 1992. "Uxorilocal Marriage is Good for Family Planning" [in Chinese]. Population and Economics 6:17-19.
163. Harding, David, Christopher Jencks, Leonard M. Lopoo, and Susan E. Mayer. 2005. "The Changing Effect of Family Background on the Incomes of American Adults." This volume.
164. Hardy, J., N. Astone, J. Brooks-Gunn, S. Shapiro, and T. Miller. 1998. "Like Mother, Like Child: Intergenerational Patterns of Age at First Birth and Associations with Childhood and Adolescent Characteristics and Adult Outcomes in the Second Generation." Developmental Psychology 34 (6): 1220-32.
165. Harris, J. R. 1998. The Nurture Assumption. New York: Free Press.
166. Harris, Y. R., D. Terrel, and G. Allen. 1999. The Influence of Education Context and Beliefs on the Teaching Behavior of African American Mothers." Journal of Black Psychology 25:490-503.
167. Hauser, Robert. 1998. "Intergenerational Economic Mobility in the United States: Measures, Differentials and Trends." Working paper. Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
168. Hauser, Robert, and David Featherman. 1976. "Equality of Schooling: Trends and Prospects." Sociology of Education 49 (2): 99-120.
169. Hauser, Robert, and John Robert Warren. 1997. "Socioeconomic Indexes for Occupations: A Review, Update, and Critique." Sociological Methodology 27: 177-298.
170. Hauser, Robert, John Robert Warren, Min-Hsiung Huang, and Wendy Y. Carter. 2000. "Occupational Status, Education, and Social Mobility in the Meritocracy." In Meritocracy and Economic Inequality, edited by Kenneth Arrow, Samuel Bowles, and Steven Durlauf. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
171. Heckman, James, Jingjing Hsee, and Yona Rubinstein. 2000. "The GED Is a Mixed Signal." Manuscript presented at the American Economic Association meeting, Boston, Mass.
172. Heckman, James, Anne Layne-Farrar, and Petra Todd. 1995. "Does Measured School Quality Really Matter? An Examination of the Earnings-Quality Relationship." Manuscript. University of Chicago.
173. Heckman, James, and Yona Rubinstein. 2001. "The Importance of Noncognitive Skills: Lessons from the GED Testing Program." American Economic Review 91 (2): 145-49.
174. Herrnstein, Richard. 1971. "IQ." Atlantic Monthly 228:43-64.
175. Herrnstein, Richard. 1973. IQ in the Meritocracy. Boston: Atlantic Monthly.
176. Herrnstein, Richard J., and Charles Murray. 1994. The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. New York: Free Press.
177. Hertz, Thomas. 2001. "Education, Inequality and Economic Mobility in South Africa." Ph.D. diss. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
178. Hertz, Thomas. 2005. "Rags, Riches, and Race: The Intergenerational Economic Mobility of Black and White Families in the United States." This volume.
179. Hetherington, E. M., S. Henderson, and D. Reiss. 1999. "Adolescent Siblings in Stepfamilies: Family Functioning and Adolescent Adjustment." Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Serial No. 259, vol. 64, no. 4.
180. Hill, Martha. 1992. The Panel Study of Income Dynamics: A User's Guide. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.
181. Hogan, Robert, Joyce Hogan, and Brent Roberts. 1996. "Personality Measurement and Employment Decisions." American Psychologist 51 (5): 469-77.
182. Hout, Michael. 1988. "More Universalism, Less Structural Mobility: The American Occupational Structure in the 1980s." American Journal of Sociology 93 (6):1358-1400.
183. Hull, T. H. 1990. "Recent Trends in Sex Ratios at Birth in China." Population and Development Review 16 (1): 63-83.
184. Hurley, Susan. 1993. "Justice without Constitutive Luck." Ethics, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 35:179-212.
185. Hyslop, Dean. 2001. "Rising U.S. Earnings Inequality and Family Labor Supply: The Covariance Structure of Intrafamily Earnings." American Economic Review 91:755-77.
186. Insel, Paul M. 1974. "Maternal Effects in Personality." Behavior Genetics 4 (2): 133-43.
187. Jang, K. L., W. J. Livesley, and P. A. Vernon. 1996. "Heritability of the Big Five Personality Dimensions and Their Facets: A Twin Study." Journal of Personality 64:577-91.
188. Jencks, Christopher. 1980. "Heredity, Environment, and Public Policy Reconsidered." American Sociological Review 45:723-36.
189. Jencks, Christopher. 2002. "Does Inequality Matter?" Daedalus (Winter): 49-65.
190. Jencks, Christopher, et al. 1972. Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America. New York: Basic Books.
191. Jencks, Christopher. 1979. Who Gets Ahead? The Determinants of Economic Success in America. New York: Basic Books.
192. Jencks, Christopher, Susan E. Mayer, and Joseph Swingle. Forthcoming. "Who Has Benefited from Economic Growth in the United States Since 1969? The Case of Children." In What Has Happened to the Quality of Life in American and Other Advanced Industrial Nations?, edited by Edward Wolff. Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar.
193. Jenkins, Stephen 1987. "Snapshots Versus Movies: 'Lifecycle Biases' and the Estimation of Intergenerational Earnings Inheritance." European Economic Review 31:1149-58.
194. Jensen, Arthur R. 1977. "The Puzzle of Nongenetic Variance." In Intelligence, Heredity, and Environment, edited by Robert Sternberg and Elena Grigorenko. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
195. Jensen, Arthur R. 1980. Bias in Mental Testing. New York: Free Press.
196. Jin, X., and S. Li. 2001. "An Analysis of Uxorilocal Marriage in Rural Chinese Communities" [in Chinese]. Manuscript.
197. Jin, X., M. W. Feldman, S. Li, and C. Zhu. 2002. "A Survey of Marriage and Old-age Support in Songzi, China." Rev. ed. Working Paper 86. Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, Stanford University.
198. Johansson, S., and O. Nygren. 1991. "The Missing Girls of China: A New Demographic Account." Population and Development Review 17 (1): 35-51.
199. John, O. P. 1990. "The 'Big Five' Factor Taxonomy: Dimensions of Personality in the Natural Language and in Questionnaires." In Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, edited by L. A. Pervin. New York: Guilford.
200. Juhn, Chinhui, Kevin M. Murphy, and Brooks Pierce. 1993. "Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill." Journal of Political Economy 101 (3): 410-42.
201. Kamin, Leon J., and Arthur S. Goldberger. 2002. "Twin Studies in Behavioral Research: A Skeptical View." Theoretical Population Biology 61 (1): 83-95.
202. Kandel, D., and P. Wu. 1995. "The Contribution of Mothers and Fathers to the Intergenerational Transmission of Cigarette Smoking in Adolescence." Journal of Research on Adolescence 5:225-52.
203. Kane, Thomas, and Cecilia E. Rouse. 1995. "Labor Market Returns to Twoand Four-Year College." American Economic Review 85 (3): 600-614.
204. Katz, Lawrence F., and David H. Autor. 1999. "Changes in the Wage Structure and Earnings Inequality." In Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 3A, edited by Orley C. Ashenfelter and David Card. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
205. Kaufman, Bruce E. 1999. "Expanding the Behavioral Foundations of Labor Economics." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 52 (3): 361-92.
206. Kim, Yong-Seong, et al. 2000. "Notes on the 'Income Plus' Files: 1994-1997 Family Income and Components Files." Available at the Panel Study on Income Dynamics (PSID) web location: http://www.isr.umich.edu/src/psid/.
207. Kohn, Melvin L., and Carmi Schooler. 1982. "Job Conditions and Personality: A Longitudinal Assessment of Their Reciprocal Effects." American Journal of Sociology 87 (6): 1257-86.
208. Korenman, Sanders, and Christopher Winship. 1999. "A Reanalysis of The Bell Curve: Intelligence, Family Background, and Schooling." In Meritocracy and Economic Inequality, edited by Kenneth Arrow, Samuel Bowles, and Steven Durlauf. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
209. Kotlikoff, Laurence J., and Lawrence H. Summers. 1981. "The Role of Intergenerational Transfers in Aggregate Capital Accumulation." Journal of Political Economy 89 (4): 706-32.
210. Kumm, J., K. Laland, and M. W. Feldman. 1994. "Gene-Culture Coevolution and Sex Ratios: The Effects of Infanticide, Sex-Selective Abortion, Sex Selection, and Sex-Biased Parental Investment on the Evolution of Sex Ratios." Theoretical Population Biology 46 (3): 249-78.
211. Laland, K. 1994. "The Mathematical Modeling of Human Culture and Its Implications for Psychology and the Human Sciences." British Journal of Psychology 84: 145-69.
212. Laland, K., J. Kumm, and M. W. Feldman. 1995. "Gene-Culture Coevolutionary Theory: A Test Case." Current Anthropology 36 (1): 131-56.
213. Lavely, W., J. Li, and J. Li. 2001. "Sex Preference for Children in a Meifu Li Community in Hainan, China." Population Studies 55:319-29.
214. Lavely, W., and X. Ren. 1992. "Patrilocality and Early Marital Co-residence in Rural China, 1955-85." The China Quarterly 130:378-91.
215. Lee, Y., W. Parish, and R. Willis. 1994. "Sons, Daughters, and Intergenerational Support in Taiwan." American Journal of Sociology 99 (4): 1010-41.
216. Levine, David. 1999. "Choosing the Right Parents: Changes in the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality between the 1970s and the Early 1990s." Working Paper 72. Institute for Industrial Relations. Berkeley: University of California.
217. Levine, David I., and Bhashkar Mazumder. 2002. "Choosing the Right Parents: Changes in the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality-Between 1980 and the Early 1990s." Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Working Paper 2002-08.
218. Li, J., and R. S. Cooney. 1993. "Son Preference and the One Child Policy in China: 1979-1988." Population Research and Policy Review 12:108-15.
219. Li, N., M. W. Feldman, and S. Li. 1998b. "Transmission of Son Preference: Estimates from a Survey in Two Counties of China." Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies Working Paper 76. Stanford University.
220. Li, N., M. W. Feldman, and S. Li. 2000. "Cultural Transmission in a Demographic Study of Sex Ratio at Birth in China's Future." Theoretical Population Biology 58:161-72.
221. Li, N., M. W. Feldman, and S. Tuljapurkar. 1998a. "A Demographic Model with Cultural Transmission of Son Preference." Working Paper 73. Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, Stanford University.
222. Li, N., M. W. Feldman, and S. Tuljapurkar. 1999. "Sex Ratio at Birth and Son Preference." Mathematical Population Studies 8:91-107.
223. Li, S., M. W. Feldman, and X. Jin. 2002a. "Marriage Form and Duration of Post-marital Coresidence with Parents in Rural China: Evidence from Songzi." Rev. ed. Working Paper 87. Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, Stanford University.
224. Li, S., M. W. Feldman, and X. Jin. 2002b. "Sons and Daughters: Marriage Form and Family Division in Rural China." Rev. ed. Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies Working Paper 88. Stanford University.
225. Li, S., M. W. Feldman, and X. Jin. 2002c. "Children, Marriage and Family Support for the Elderly in Rural China." Rev. ed. Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies Working Paper 89. Stanford University.
226. Li, S., M. W. Feldman, and N. Li. 2000. "Cultural Transmission of Uxorilocal Marriage in Lueyang, China." Journal of Family History 25 (2): 158-77.
227. Li, S., M. W. Feldman, and X. Jin. 2001. "A Comparative Analysis of Determinants of Uxorilocal Marriage in Two Counties of China." Social Biology 48 (1-2): 125-50.
228. Li, S., M. W. Feldman, N. Li, and C. Zhu. 1998. "A Survey of Transmission of Son Preference in Two Counties of China." Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies Working Paper 75. Stanford University.
229. Li, S., M. W. Feldman, and Li Nan. 2002d. "Acceptance of Two Types of Uxorilocal Marriage in Contemporary China: The Case of Lueyang." Rev. ed. Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies Working Paper 85. Stanford University.
230. Li, S., and C. Zhu. 1999. "Analysis of Typical Couples in Uxorilocal Marriage in Lueyang, China" [in Chinese]. Population and Economics (Supplement): 85-93.
231. Li, S., and C. Zhu. 2001. Research and Community Practice on Gender Differences in Child Survival in China. Beijing: Population Publishing Press.
232. Lillard, Lee A., and Robert J. Willis. 1978. "Dynamic Aspects of Earning Mobility." Econometrica 46:985-1012.
233. Little, Roderick J. A., and Donald B. Rubin. 1987. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. New York: Wiley.
234. Loehlin, J. C. 1992a. Genes and Environment in Personality Development. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.
235. Loehlin, John C. 1992b. "What Has Behavioral Genetics Told Us about the Nature of Personality?" In Twins as a Tool of Behavioral Genetics, edited by T. J. Bouchard and P. Propping. New York: Wiley.
236. Loehlin, J. C., R. R. McCrae, P. T. Costa, Jr., and O. P. John. 1998. "Heritabilities of Common and Measure-Specific Components of the Big Five Personality Factors." Journal of Research in Personality 32:431-53.
237. Loehlin, J. C., and R. C. Nichols. 1976. Heredity, Environment, and Personality: A Study of 850 Sets of Twins. Austin: University of Texas Press.
238. Loehlin, J. C., and D. C. Rowe. 1992. "Genes, Environment, and Personality." In Modern Personality Psychology: Critical Reviews and New Directions, edited by G. Chapara and G. L. Van Heck. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
239. Loehlin, J. C., L. Willerman, and J. M. Horn. 1985. "Personality Resemblances in Adoptive Families when the Children are Late-Adolescent or Adult." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48:376-92.
240. Lu, Y. 2001. "Childbearing Interest: Rethinking of Farmer's Childbearing Attitudes" [in Chinese]. Population Research 2:17-27.
241. Maccoby, E. 2000. "Parenting and Its Effects on Children: On Reading andMisreading Behavior Genetics." Annual Review of Psychology 51:1-27.
242. Maccoby, E., and J. Martin. 1983. "Socialization in the Context of Family: Parent- Child Interaction." Pp. 1-101 in Handbook of Child Psychology, Vol. 4: Socialization, Personality, and Social Development, edited by E. M. Hetherington, New York: Wiley.
243. Margo, Robert. 1999. "The History of Wage Inequality in America: 1820 to 1970." Working Paper 286. Levy Institute, Bard College.
244. Marshall, Gordon, Adam Swift, and Stephen Roberts. 1997. Against the Odds? Social Class and Social Justice in Industrial Societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
245. Marshall, Gordon, Adam Swift, David Routh, and Carol Burgoyne. 1999. "What Is and What Ought to Be: Popular Beliefs about Distributive Justice in Thirteen Countries." European Sociological Review 15:349-67.
246. Mayer, John D., and Peter Salovey. 1995. "Emotional Intelligence and the Construction and Regulation of Feelings." Applied and Preventive Psychology 4 (3): 197-208.
247. Mayer Susan, Christopher Jencks, and Joseph Swingle. 2001. "Trends in Children's Living Conditions: 1969-1999." Paper presented at the Levy Economic Institute, Annandale-on-Hudson, N.Y., May, 2001.
248. Mayer, Susan, and Leonard Lopoo. 2001. "Has the Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Status Changed?" Joint Center for Poverty Research Working Paper No. 227.
249. Mayer, Susan E. 1997. What Money Can't Buy: Family Income and Children's Life Chances. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
250. Mayer, Susan E. 2002. The Influence of Parental Income on Children's Outcomes: Report to the New Zealand Ministry of Social Development. Wellington, New Zealand.
251. Mazumder, Bhashkar 2001a. "Earnings Mobility in the U.S.: A New Look at Intergenerational Inequality." Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Working Paper 2001-18.
252. Mazumder, Bhashkar. 2001b. "The Mis-Measurement of Permanent Earnings: New Evidence from Social Security Earnings Data." Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Working Paper 2001-24.
253. Mazumder, Bhashkar. 2003. "Revised Estimates of Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States." Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Working Paper 2003-16.
254. Mazumder, Bhashkar. 2005. The Apple Falls Even Closer to the Tree than We Thought: New and Revised Estimates of the Intergenerational Inheritance of Earnings." This volume.
255. McAdams, Dan. 1994. "Can Personality Change? Levels of Stability and Growth in Personality across the Life Span." In Can Personality Change? edited by Todd F. Heatherton and Joel L. Weinberger. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
256. McCrae, R. R. 1989. "Why I Advocate the Five-Factor Model: Joint Factor Analyses of NEO-PI with Other Instruments." Pp. 237-45 in Personality Psychology: Recent Trends and Emerging Directions, edited by D. M. Buss and N. Cantor. New York: Springer-Verlag.
257. McCrae, Robert. 1993. "Moderated Analyses of Longitudinal Personality Stability." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (3): 577-85.
258. McCrae, Robert, and Paul Costa. 1984. "The Search for Growth or Decline in Personality." In Emerging Lives, Enduring Dispositions. Boston: Little, Brown.
259. McCrae, Robert. 1994. "The Stability of Personality: Observations and Evaluation." Current Directions in Psychological Science 3 (6): 173-75.
260. McCrae, Robert. 1997. "Personality Trait Structure as a Human Universal." American Psychologist 52 (5): 509-16.
261. McLoyd, V., T. Jayaratne, R. Ceballo, and J. Borquez. 1994. "Unemployment and Work Interruption among African American Single Mothers: Effects on Parenting and Adolescent Socioemotional Functioning." Child Development 65 (2): 562-89.
262. Medlund, P., R. Cederlöf, B. Floderus-Myrhed, L. Friberg, and S. Sörensen. 1977. "A New Swedish Twin Registry Containing Environmental and Medical Base Line Data from About 14,000 Same-Sexed Pairs Born 1926-58." Acta Medica Scandinavica 600 (Supplement): 5-111.
263. Menchik, Paul. 1979. "Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality: An Empirical Study of Wealth Mobility." Economica 46:349-62.
264. Michael, R. T. 1972. The Effect of Education on Efficiency in Consumption. New York: Columbia University Press.
265. Miller, David. 1999. Principles of Social Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
266. Mincer, Jacob. 1974. Schooling, Experience, and Earnings. New York: Columbia University Press.
267. Mischel, Walter. 1974. "Process in Delay of Gratification." Pp. 249-89 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, edited by Leonard Berkowitz. New York: Academic Press.
268. Mischel, Walter, Yuichi Shoda, and Monica L. Rodriguez. 1992. "Delay of Gratification in Children." Pp. 147-64 in Choice Over Time, edited by George Loewenstein and Jon Elster. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
269. Morris, P., A. Huston, G. Duncan, D. Crosby, and H. Bos. 2001. How Welfare and Work Policies Affect Children: A Synthesis of Research. New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.
270. Muchinsky, Paul. 1996. "The Correction for Attenuation." Educational and Psychological Measurement 56 (1): 63-75.
271. Mulligan, Casey B. 1996. "Work Ethic and Family Background: Some Evidence." Manuscript. Department of Economics, University of Chicago.
272. Mulligan, Casey B. 1997. Parental Priorities and Economic Inequality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
273. Mulligan, Casey B. 1999. "Galton vs. Human Capital Approaches to Inheritance." Journal of Political Economy 107 (6:2): S184-S224.
274. Munoz-Darde, Veronique. 1999. "Is the Family to Be Abolished Then?" Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 99:37-55.
275. Murnane, Richard, and Frank Levy. 1996. Teaching the New Basic Skills. New York: Free Press.
276. Murnane, Richard, John Willett, Jay Braatz, and Yves Duhaldeborde. 1997. "Does the Self-Esteem of High-School-Aged Males Predict Labor Market Success A Decade Later? Evidence from the NLSY." Manuscript. Harvard University Graduate School of Education.
277. Murnane, Richard, John Willett, and Frank Levy. 1995. "The Growing Importance of Cognitive Skills in Wage Determination." Review of Economics and Statistics 77 (2): 251-66.
278. Murphy, Liam. 2000. Moral Demands in Nonideal Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
279. Nagel, Thomas. 1991. Equality and Partiality. New York: Oxford University Press.
280. Norman, W. T. 1963. "Toward an Adequate Taxonomy of Personality Attributes: Replicated Factor Structure in Peer Nomination Personality Ratings." Journal of Abnormal and Social Pychology 66:574-83.
281. Okun, Arthur. 1975. Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institute.
282. Osborne, Melissa. 2000. "The Power of Personality: Labor Market Rewards and the Transmission of Earnings." Ph.D. diss. Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts.
283. Osborne Groves, Melissa. 2005. "Personality and the Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Status." This volume.
284. Otto, Sarah P., Freddy B. Christiansen, and Marcus W. Feldman. 1995. "Genetic and Cultural Inheritance of Continuous Traits." Manuscript. Stanford University.
285. Park, C. B., and N. H. Cho. 1995. "Consequences of Son Preference in a Low Fertility Society: Imbalance of the Sex Ratio at Birth in Korea." Population and Development Review 21:59-84.
286. Pasternak, B. 1985. "On the causes and demographic consequences of uxorilocal marriage in China" Pp. 309-34 in Family and Population in East Asian History, edited by S. B. Hanley and A. P. Wolf. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
287. Patterson, G. 1998. "Continuities-A Search for Causal Mechanisms." Developmental Psychology 34:1263-68.
288. Pedersen, N. L, G. E. McClearn, R. Plomin, J. R. Nesselroade, S. Berg, and U. DeFaire. 1991. "The Swedish Adoption / Twin Study of Aging: An Update." Acta Geneticae Medicae Gemellologiae 40 (1): 7-20.
289. Peters, Elizabeth. 1992. "Patterns of Intergenerational Mobility in Income and Earnings." Research in Economics and Statistics 74 (3): 456-66.
290. Plomin, Robert. 1986. "Behavioral Genetic Methods." Journal of Personality 54 (1): 226-61.
291. Plomin, Robert. 1999. "Genetic and General Cognitive Ability," Nature 402, no. 2 (December): c25-c29.
292. Plomin, R., R. Corley, A. Caspi, D. W. Fulker, and J. DeFries. 1998. "Adoption Results for Self-Reported Personality: Evidence for Nonadditive Genetic Effects?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75:211-18.
293. Plomin, Robert, John C. DeFries, Gerald McClearn, and Michael McGuffin. 2000. Behavioral Genetics. New York: W. H. Freeman.
294. Pollak, R. A., and S. C. Watkins. 1993. "Culture and Economic Approaches to Fertility." Population and Development Review 19 (3): 467-96.
295. Poston, D. L., P. Liu, B. Gu, and T. McDaniel. 1997. "Son Preference and the Sex Ratio at Birth in China: A Provincial Level Analysis." Social Biology 44 (1-2): 55-76.
296. Price, R. A., and S. G. Vandenberg. 1980. "Spouse Similarity in American and Swedish Couples." Behavior Genetics 10:59-71.
297. Rao, D.C., N. E. Morton, J. M. Lalouel, and R. Lew. 1982. "Path Analysis under Generalized Assortative Mating. II: American IQ." Genetic Research, Cambridge 39:187-98.
298. Rawls, John. 2001. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
299. Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
300. Reiss, D., J. M. Neiderhiser, E. M. Hetherington, and R. Plomin. 2000. The Relationship Code: Deciphering Genetic and Social Influences on Adolescent Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
301. Riemann, R., A. Angleitner, and J. Strelau. 1997. "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Personality: A Study of Twins Reared together Using the Selfand Peer Report NEO-FFI Scales." Journal of Personality 65:449-75.
302. Roemer, John. 1998. Equality of Opportunity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
303. Roemer, John. 2000. "Equality of Opportunity." In Meritocracy and Economic Inequality, edited by Kenneth Arrow, Samuel Bowles, and Steven Durlauf. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
304. Rotter, Julian B. 1966. "Generalized Expectancies for Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement." Psychological Monographs 80 (1): 1-28.
305. Rowe, David. 1993. "Genetic Perspectives on Personality." Pp. 179-95 in Nature, Nurture and Psychology, edited by Robert Plomin and Gerald E. Mc- Clearn. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
306. Rowe, David. 1994. The Limits of Family Influence: Genes, Experience and Behavior. New York: Guilford.
307. Royston, P.; 1991. "Comment on sg3.4 and an Improved D'Agostino Test." Stata Technical Bulletin 3:23-24.
308. Scarpetta, Stefano, Andrea Bassanini, Dirk Pilat, and Paul Schreyer. 2000. "Economic Growth in the OECD Area: Recent Trends at the Aggregate and Sectoral Level." Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Economics Department Working Paper No. 248.
309. Schmidt, Frank, Deniz Ones, and John Hunter. 1992. "Personnel Selection." Annual Review of Psychology 43:627-70.
310. Schrag, Francis. 1976. "Justice and the Family." Inquiry 19:193-208.
311. Serbin, L., and D. Stack. 1998. "Introduction to the Special Section: Studying Intergenerational Continuity and the Transfer of Risk." Developmental Psychology 34 (6): 1159-61.
312. Serbin, L., J. Cooperman, P. Peters, P. Lehoux, D. Stack, and A. Schwartzman. 1998. "Intergenerational Transfer of Psychosocial Risk in Women with Childhood Histories of Aggression, Withdrawal, or Aggression and Withdrawal." Developmental Psychology 34 (6): 1246-62.
313. Sewell, William H., and Robert M. Hauser. 1975. Education, Occupation and Earnings: Achievements in the Early Career. New York: Academic.
314. Sewell, William, Robert Hauser, and Wendy Wolf. 1980. "Sex, Schooling, and Occupational Status." American Journal of Sociology 86 (3): 551-83.
315. Shea, John. 2000. "Does Parents' Money Matter." Journal of Public Economics 77 (2): 155-84.
316. Shi, L. Y. 1993. "Family Financial and Household Support Exchange between Generations: A Survey of Chinese Rural Elderly." The Gerontologist 33 (4): 468-80.
317. Skinner, G. W. 1997. "Family systems and demographic processes." Pp. 53-95 in Anthropological Demography: Toward a New Synthesis, edited by D. I. Kertzer and T. Fricke. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
318. Smith, James. 1999. "Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relation between Health and Economic Status." Journal of Economic Perspectives 13 (2): 145-66.
319. Smith James P., and Finis R. Welch. 1986. Closing the Gap: Forty Years of Economic Progress for Blacks. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corporation.
320. Solon, Gary. 1989. "Biases in the Estimation of Intergenerational Earnings Correlations." Review of Economics and Statistics 71:172-74.
321. Solon, Gary. 1992. "Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States." American Economic Review 82 (3): 393-408.
322. Solon, Gary. 1999. "Intergenerational Mobility in the Labor Market." Pp. 1761-800 in Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 3, edited by O. Ashenfelter and D. Card. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
323. Solon, Gary. 2002. "Cross-Country Differences in Intergenerational Earnings Mobility." Journal of Economic Perspectives 16:59-66.
324. Solon, Gary, Mary Corcoran, Roger Gordon, and Deborah Laren. 1990. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Sibling Correlations in Economic Status." The Journal of Human Resources 26 (3).
325. Stein, Judith, Michael Newcomb, and P. M. Bentler. 1986. "Stability and Change in Personality: A Longitudinal Study from Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood." Journal of Research in Personality 20:276-91.
326. Sternberg, Robert, and Elena Grigorenko. 1997. Intelligence, Heredity, and Environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
327. Sternberg, Robert J., Richard K. Wagner, Wendy M. Williams, and Joseph Horvath. 1995. "Testing Common Sense." American Psychologist 50, no. 11 (November): 912-27.
328. Stevens, Gillian, and David Featherman. 1981. "A Revised Socioeconomic Index of Occupational Status." Social Science Research 10:364-95.
329. Stevens, Gillian, and Joo Hyun Cho. 1985. "Socioeconomic Indexes and the New 1980 Census Occupational Classification Scheme." Social Science Research 14:142-68.
330. Stoolmiller, M. 2000. "Implications of the Restricted Range of Family Environments for Estimates of Heritability and Nonshared Environment in Behavior- Genetic Adoption Studies." Psychological Bulletin 125:392-409.
331. Sullivan, Daniel G. 2001. "A Note on the Estimation of Linear Regression Models with Heteroskedastic Measurement Errors." Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Working Paper 2001:23.
332. Swift, Adam. 1999. "Popular Opinion and Political Philosophy: The Relation between Social-Scientific and Philosophical Analyses of Distributive Justice." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 2:337-63.
333. Swift, Adam. 2000. "Class Analysis from a Normative Perspective." British Journal of Sociology 51:663-79.
334. Swift, Adam. 2001. Political Philosophy: A Beginner's Guide for Students and Politicians. Oxford: Polity.
335. Swift, Adam. 2003. How Not To Be a Hypocrite: School Choice for the Morally Perplexed Parent. London: Routledge Falmer.
336. Swift, Adam, and Gordon Marshall. 1997. "Meritocratic Equality of Opportunity: Economic Efficiency, Social Justice, or Both?" Policy Studies 18:35-48.
337. Taubman, Paul. 1976. "The Determinants of Earnings: Genetics, Family, and Other Environments; A Study of Male Twins." American Economic Review 66 (5): 858-70.
338. Tett, Robert P., Douglas N. Jackson, and Mitchell Rothstein. 1991. "Personality Measures as Predictors of Job Performance: A Meta-Analytical Review." Personnel Psychology 44:703-42.
339. Thorndike, Edward L. 1919. "Intelligence and Its Uses." Harper's Monthly Magazine 140 (December/January): 227-35.
340. Tuljapurkar, S., N. Li, and M. W. Feldman. 1995. "High Sex Ratios in China's Future." Science 267:874-76.
341. Turner, Charles and Daniel Martinez. 1977. "Socioeconomic Achievement and the Machiavellian Personality." Sociometry 40 (4): 325-36.
342. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 2000. "Money Income in the United States, 1999." Current Population Reports, P-60-209. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
343. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 2002. "Historical Income Tables-Families." Available at http://www.census.gov/hhes/income/histinc/f04.html.
344. Valentine, Peter, and Morris Lipson. 1989. "Equal Opportunity and the Family." Public Affairs Quarterly 3:29-47.
345. Waller, N. G. 1999. "Evaluating the Structure of Personality." Pp. 155-97 in Personality and psychopathology, edited by C. R. Cloninger. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
346. Wen, X. 1993. "Effects of Son Preference and Population Policy on Sex Ratios at Birth in Two Provinces of China." Journal of Biosocial Science 25:110-20.
347. Williams, Wendy M., and Robert J. Sternberg. 1995. Success Acts for Managers. Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt Brace.
348. Wolf, A. P. 1989. "The Origins and Explanations of Variations in the Chinese Kinship System." Pp. 241-60 in Anthropological Studies of the Taiwan Area, edited by Chang et al. Taipei: National Taiwan University.
349. Wolff, Edward. 2002. "Inheritances and Wealth Inequality, 1989-98." American Economic Review 92, no. 2 (May): 260-64.
350. Xie, Y. 1989. "Measuring Regional Variation in Sex Preference in China: A Cautionary Note." Social Science Research 18:291-305.
351. Xu, Q. 1996. "A Comparative Study on Son's and Daughter's Old-Age Support for Parents" [in Chinese]. Population Research 5:23-31.
352. Xu, Q., and Y. Yuan. 1997. "The Role of Family Support in the Old-Age Security in China." Pp. 265-73 in Twenty-Third IUSSP General Population Conference: Symposium on Demography of China, edited by the China Population Association.
353. Xu, X., J. Ji, and Y. Tung. 2000. "Social and Political Assortative Mating in Urban China." Journal of Family Issues 21, no. 1 (January): 47-77.
354. Yan, M. 1995. "An Experimental Study of the Influences of Marriage Type on Women's Sex Preferences in Childbearing in Rural China" [in Chinese]. Population Science of China 5:11-16.
355. Yan, M., J. Mao, and J. Lu. 1999. "Exploring a Fundamental Way to Reduce Sex Ratio at Birth-Reforms in Marriage Customs in Daye, Hubei" [in Chinese]. Population and Economics 5:18-24.
356. Yan, M., and R. Shi. 1996. "The Role of Marriage Type in Fertility Decline in Rural China" [in Chinese]. Population Science of China 5:32-38.
357. Yan, S., J. Chen, and S. Yang. 2001. "Impact of Living Arrangement on Child's Old-Age Support for Parents" [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Social Sciences 1:130-40.
358. Yang, H. 1996. "The Distributive Norm of Monetary Support to Older Parents: A Look at a Township in China." Journal of Marriage and the Family 58:404-15.
359. Yang, Y. 1998. "On the Positive Impact of Uxorilocal Marriage on Aging" [in Chinese]. Population and Family Planning 6:31-34.
360. Young, Michael. 1959. The Rise of the Meritocracy. New York: Random House.
361. Yu, X. 1996. "Saving and Population Aging in China" [in Chinese]. Population and Economics, vol. 3.
362. Zeng, Y., P. Tu, B. Gu, Y. Xu, B. Li, and Y. Li. 1993. "Causes and Implications of the Recent Increase in the Reported Sex Ratio at Birth in China." Population and Development Review 19 (2): 283-302.
363. Zimmerman, David J. 1992. "Regression Toward Mediocrity in Economic Stature." American Economic Review 82:409-29.