메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 574-584

Childhood pneumonia in developing countries

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFTRIAXONE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; GENTAMICIN; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B VACCINE; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RESPIRATORY TRACT AGENT;

EID: 84883456713     PISSN: 22132600     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70075-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (93)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 84883457785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Levels and trends in child mortality report 2012. United Nations Children's Fund.
    • United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Levels and trends in child mortality report 2012. United Nations Children's Fund.
  • 2
    • 0036461410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections
    • Williams BG, Guows E, Boschi-Pinto C, Bryce J, Dye C Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2002, 2:25-32.
    • (2002) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.2 , pp. 25-32
    • Williams, B.G.1    Guows, E.2    Boschi-Pinto, C.3    Bryce, J.4    Dye, C.5
  • 3
    • 0022622485 scopus 로고
    • Mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age: global estimates
    • Leowski J Mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age: global estimates. World Health Stat Q 1986, 39:138-144.
    • (1986) World Health Stat Q , vol.39 , pp. 138-144
    • Leowski, J.1
  • 4
    • 0026541731 scopus 로고
    • The magnitude of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years in developing countries
    • Garenne M, Ronsmans C, Campbell H The magnitude of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years in developing countries. World Health Stat Q 1992, 45:180-191.
    • (1992) World Health Stat Q , vol.45 , pp. 180-191
    • Garenne, M.1    Ronsmans, C.2    Campbell, H.3
  • 6
    • 77953002425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis
    • Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2010, 375:1969-1987.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 1969-1987
    • Black, R.E.1    Cousens, S.2    Johnson, H.L.3
  • 7
    • 84861926839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000
    • Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet 2012, 379:2151-2161.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 2151-2161
    • Liu, L.1    Johnson, H.L.2    Cousens, S.3
  • 8
    • 15744386581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO estimates of the causes of death in children
    • Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet 2005, 365:1147-1152.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1147-1152
    • Bryce, J.1    Boschi-Pinto, C.2    Shibuya, K.3    Black, R.E.4
  • 10
    • 11244260612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under 5 years of age
    • Rudan I, Tomaskovic L, Boschi-Pinto C, Campbell H Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under 5 years of age. Bull World Health Organ 2004, 82:895-903.
    • (2004) Bull World Health Organ , vol.82 , pp. 895-903
    • Rudan, I.1    Tomaskovic, L.2    Boschi-Pinto, C.3    Campbell, H.4
  • 11
    • 84871036375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • Lozano R, Naghavi N, Foreman K, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012, 380:2095-2128.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2095-2128
    • Lozano, R.1    Naghavi, N.2    Foreman, K.3
  • 13
    • 77949839263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of death in children younger than 5 years in China in 2008
    • Rudan I, Chan KY, Zhang JS, et al. Causes of death in children younger than 5 years in China in 2008. Lancet 2010, 375:1083-1089.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 1083-1089
    • Rudan, I.1    Chan, K.Y.2    Zhang, J.S.3
  • 14
    • 84859406130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating pneumonia prevention and treatment interventions with immunization services in resource-poor countries
    • Cohen AL, Hyde TB, Verani J, Watkins M Integrating pneumonia prevention and treatment interventions with immunization services in resource-poor countries. Bull World Health Organ 2012, 90:289-294.
    • (2012) Bull World Health Organ , vol.90 , pp. 289-294
    • Cohen, A.L.1    Hyde, T.B.2    Verani, J.3    Watkins, M.4
  • 15
    • 84877718727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health International Vaccine Access Center, Baltimore
    • VIMS report: global vaccine introduction 2012, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health International Vaccine Access Center, Baltimore.
    • (2012) VIMS report: global vaccine introduction
  • 16
    • 0025202661 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection in young children: comparison of findings from several developing countries
    • Selwyn BJ The epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection in young children: comparison of findings from several developing countries. Rev Infect Dis 1990, 12:S870-S888.
    • (1990) Rev Infect Dis , vol.12
    • Selwyn, B.J.1
  • 17
    • 69949109911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children younger than 5 years: global estimates
    • Watt JP, Wolfson LJ, O'Brien KL, et al. Burden of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children younger than 5 years: global estimates. Lancet 2009, 374:903-911.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 903-911
    • Watt, J.P.1    Wolfson, L.J.2    O'Brien, K.L.3
  • 18
    • 69949111769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates
    • Watt JP, Wolfson LJ, O'Brien KL, et al. Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates. Lancet 2009, 374:893-902.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 893-902
    • Watt, J.P.1    Wolfson, L.J.2    O'Brien, K.L.3
  • 19
    • 20144367956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Cutts FT, Zaman SMA, Enwere G, et al. Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005, 365:1139-1146.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1139-1146
    • Cutts, F.T.1    Zaman, S.M.A.2    Enwere, G.3
  • 20
    • 70349442464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence behind the WHO guidelines: hospital care for children: what is the aetiology of pneumonia in HIV-infected children in developing countries?
    • Calder D, Qazi S Evidence behind the WHO guidelines: hospital care for children: what is the aetiology of pneumonia in HIV-infected children in developing countries?. J Trop Pediatr 2009, 55:219-224.
    • (2009) J Trop Pediatr , vol.55 , pp. 219-224
    • Calder, D.1    Qazi, S.2
  • 21
    • 77951604065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global status of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: evidence, policies, and introductions
    • Levine OS, Knoll MD, Jones A, Walker DG, Risko N, Gilani Z Global status of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: evidence, policies, and introductions. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2010, 23:236-241.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 236-241
    • Levine, O.S.1    Knoll, M.D.2    Jones, A.3    Walker, D.G.4    Risko, N.5    Gilani, Z.6
  • 22
    • 84858141368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pneumonia etiology research for child health project: a 21st century childhood pneumonia etiology study
    • Levine OS, O'Brien KL, Deloria-Knoll M, et al. The pneumonia etiology research for child health project: a 21st century childhood pneumonia etiology study. Clin Infect Dis 2012, 54:S93-101.
    • (2012) Clin Infect Dis , vol.54
    • Levine, O.S.1    O'Brien, K.L.2    Deloria-Knoll, M.3
  • 23
  • 24
    • 84861529415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the World Health Organization criteria to predict radiographic pneumonia in a US-based pediatric emergency department
    • Wingerter SL, Bachur RG, Monuteaux MC, Neuman MI Application of the World Health Organization criteria to predict radiographic pneumonia in a US-based pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012, 31:561-564.
    • (2012) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.31 , pp. 561-564
    • Wingerter, S.L.1    Bachur, R.G.2    Monuteaux, M.C.3    Neuman, M.I.4
  • 25
    • 77957333560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of occult pneumonia in a pediatric emergency department
    • Shah S, Matthews B, Neuman MI, Bachur R Detection of occult pneumonia in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2010, 26:615-621.
    • (2010) Pediatr Emerg Care , vol.26 , pp. 615-621
    • Shah, S.1    Matthews, B.2    Neuman, M.I.3    Bachur, R.4
  • 26
    • 0032956422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occult pneumonias: empiric chest radiographs in febrile children with leukocytosis
    • Bachur R, Perry H, Harper MB Occult pneumonias: empiric chest radiographs in febrile children with leukocytosis. Ann Emerg Med 1999, 33:166-173.
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.33 , pp. 166-173
    • Bachur, R.1    Perry, H.2    Harper, M.B.3
  • 27
    • 18744368940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardized interpretation of pediatric chest radiographs for the diagnosis of pneumonia in epidemiological studies
    • for the TWRW Group
    • Cherian T, Mulholland EK, Carlin JB, et al. Standardized interpretation of pediatric chest radiographs for the diagnosis of pneumonia in epidemiological studies. Bull World Health Organ 2005, 83:353-359. for the TWRW Group.
    • (2005) Bull World Health Organ , vol.83 , pp. 353-359
    • Cherian, T.1    Mulholland, E.K.2    Carlin, J.B.3
  • 28
    • 84857036314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the World Health Organization criteria for chest radiographs for pneumonia diagnosis in children
    • Shimol BS, Dagan R, Givon-Lavi N, et al. Evaluation of the World Health Organization criteria for chest radiographs for pneumonia diagnosis in children. Eur J Pediatr 2012, 171:369-374.
    • (2012) Eur J Pediatr , vol.171 , pp. 369-374
    • Shimol, B.S.1    Dagan, R.2    Givon-Lavi, N.3
  • 29
    • 84859103739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of radiological alveolar pneumonia in children with high rates of hospitalized respiratory infections: comparison of WHO-defined and pediatric pulmonologist diagnosis in the clinical context
    • O'Grady KF, Torzillo PJ, Ruben AR, et al. Identification of radiological alveolar pneumonia in children with high rates of hospitalized respiratory infections: comparison of WHO-defined and pediatric pulmonologist diagnosis in the clinical context. Pediatr Pulmonol 2012, 47:386-392.
    • (2012) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.47 , pp. 386-392
    • O'Grady, K.F.1    Torzillo, P.J.2    Ruben, A.R.3
  • 30
    • 84861097921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsolved problems in the approach to pediatric community acquired pneumonia
    • Esposito S, Principi N Unsolved problems in the approach to pediatric community acquired pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012, 25:286-291.
    • (2012) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 286-291
    • Esposito, S.1    Principi, N.2
  • 31
    • 84867636578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae - a review of carriage, infection, serotype replacement and vaccination
    • Mehr S, Wood N Streptococcus pneumoniae - a review of carriage, infection, serotype replacement and vaccination. Pediatr Respir Rev 2012, 13:258-264.
    • (2012) Pediatr Respir Rev , vol.13 , pp. 258-264
    • Mehr, S.1    Wood, N.2
  • 32
    • 79958018175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood cultures in the emergency department evaluation of childhood pneumonia
    • Shah SS, Dugan MH, Bell LM Blood cultures in the emergency department evaluation of childhood pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis 2011, 20:475-479.
    • (2011) Pediatr Infect Dis , vol.20 , pp. 475-479
    • Shah, S.S.1    Dugan, M.H.2    Bell, L.M.3
  • 33
    • 77958519655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in children: diagnosis and serotyping by polymerase chain reaction using blood samples
    • Resti M, Moriondo M, Cortimiglia M, et al. Community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in children: diagnosis and serotyping by polymerase chain reaction using blood samples. Clin Infect Dis 2010, 51:1042-1049.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.51 , pp. 1042-1049
    • Resti, M.1    Moriondo, M.2    Cortimiglia, M.3
  • 34
    • 77958570254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding the diagnosis of pediatric bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia from blood cultures to molecular method: advantages and caveats
    • Ramirez M, Melo-Cristino J Expanding the diagnosis of pediatric bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia from blood cultures to molecular method: advantages and caveats. Clin Infect Dis 2010, 51:1050-1052.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.51 , pp. 1050-1052
    • Ramirez, M.1    Melo-Cristino, J.2
  • 35
    • 33646916576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of rapid urinary antigen detection by an immunochromotographic test for diagnosis of pneumococcal infection in children
    • Charkaluk ML, Kalach N, Mvogo H Assessment of rapid urinary antigen detection by an immunochromotographic test for diagnosis of pneumococcal infection in children. Diagn Micriobiol Infect Dis 2006, 55:89-94.
    • (2006) Diagn Micriobiol Infect Dis , vol.55 , pp. 89-94
    • Charkaluk, M.L.1    Kalach, N.2    Mvogo, H.3
  • 36
    • 84864566848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of an immunodiagnostic assay for detection of 13 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype-specific polysaccharides in human urine
    • Pride MW, Huijts SM, Wu K, et al. Validation of an immunodiagnostic assay for detection of 13 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype-specific polysaccharides in human urine. Clin Vacc Immunol 2012, 19:1131-1141.
    • (2012) Clin Vacc Immunol , vol.19 , pp. 1131-1141
    • Pride, M.W.1    Huijts, S.M.2    Wu, K.3
  • 37
    • 58149232473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel approaches to the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae as the cause of community-acquired pneumonia
    • Klugman KP, Madhi SA, Albrich WC Novel approaches to the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae as the cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008, 47:S202-S206.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47
    • Klugman, K.P.1    Madhi, S.A.2    Albrich, W.C.3
  • 38
    • 81155155586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin measurements for guiding antibiotic treatment in pediatric pneumonia
    • Esposito S, Tagaliabue C, Picciolli I, et al. Procalcitonin measurements for guiding antibiotic treatment in pediatric pneumonia. Respir Med 2011, 105:1939-1945.
    • (2011) Respir Med , vol.105 , pp. 1939-1945
    • Esposito, S.1    Tagaliabue, C.2    Picciolli, I.3
  • 39
    • 84856852729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a rapid test of pneumococcal colonization density to diagnose pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Albrich WC, Madhi SA, Adrian PV, et al. Use of a rapid test of pneumococcal colonization density to diagnose pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2012, 54:601-609.
    • (2012) Clin Infect Dis , vol.54 , pp. 601-609
    • Albrich, W.C.1    Madhi, S.A.2    Adrian, P.V.3
  • 40
    • 78650789393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between nasopharyngeal load of Streptococcus pneumoniae, viral coinfection, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia in Vietnamese children
    • Vu HT, Yoshida LM, Suzuki M, et al. Association between nasopharyngeal load of Streptococcus pneumoniae, viral coinfection, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia in Vietnamese children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011, 30:11-18.
    • (2011) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.30 , pp. 11-18
    • Vu, H.T.1    Yoshida, L.M.2    Suzuki, M.3
  • 41
    • 79953797311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis
    • Pavia AT Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis. Clin Infect Dis 2011, 52:S284-S289.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52
    • Pavia, A.T.1
  • 42
    • 77957942240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus by two kinds of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a shell vial culture in pediatric patients with viral pneumonia
    • Lee JH, Chun JK, Kim DS, Park Y, Choi JR, Kim HS Identification of adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus by two kinds of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a shell vial culture in pediatric patients with viral pneumonia. Yonsei Med J 2010, 51:761-767.
    • (2010) Yonsei Med J , vol.51 , pp. 761-767
    • Lee, J.H.1    Chun, J.K.2    Kim, D.S.3    Park, Y.4    Choi, J.R.5    Kim, H.S.6
  • 43
    • 78650781695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology and epidemiology of viral pneumonia among hospitalized children in rural Mozambique
    • O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Bassat Q, Morais L, et al. Etiology and epidemiology of viral pneumonia among hospitalized children in rural Mozambique. Pediatr Infect Dis 2010, 30:39-44.
    • (2010) Pediatr Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 39-44
    • O'Callaghan-Gordo, C.1    Bassat, Q.2    Morais, L.3
  • 44
    • 20844452722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized school-age children: evidence for high prevalence of viral infections
    • Tsolia MN, Psarras S, Bossios A Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized school-age children: evidence for high prevalence of viral infections. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 39:681-686.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 681-686
    • Tsolia, M.N.1    Psarras, S.2    Bossios, A.3
  • 45
    • 42349098907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory viruses other than influenza virus: impact and therapeutic advances
    • Nichols WG, Peck Campbell AJ, Boeck M Respiratory viruses other than influenza virus: impact and therapeutic advances. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008, 21:274-290.
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.21 , pp. 274-290
    • Nichols, W.G.1    Peck Campbell, A.J.2    Boeck, M.3
  • 46
    • 0019715322 scopus 로고
    • Clinical management of acute respiratory infections in children: a WHO memorandum
    • WHO
    • Clinical management of acute respiratory infections in children: a WHO memorandum. Bull World Health Organ 1981, 59:707-716. WHO.
    • (1981) Bull World Health Organ , vol.59 , pp. 707-716
  • 49
    • 0042863395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pneumonia case management on mortality in neonates, infants, and preschool children: a meta-analysis of community-based trials
    • Sazawal S, Black RE Effect of pneumonia case management on mortality in neonates, infants, and preschool children: a meta-analysis of community-based trials. Lancet Infect Dis 2003, 3:547-556.
    • (2003) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 547-556
    • Sazawal, S.1    Black, R.E.2
  • 52
    • 84857652258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2-59 months in Matiar district, rural Pakistan: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
    • Soofi S, Ahmed S, Fox MP, et al. Effectiveness of community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2-59 months in Matiar district, rural Pakistan: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012, 379:729-737.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 729-737
    • Soofi, S.1    Ahmed, S.2    Fox, M.P.3
  • 53
    • 81555199958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2-59 months in Haripur district, Pakistan: a cluster randomised trial
    • Bari A, Sadruddin S, Khan A, et al. Community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2-59 months in Haripur district, Pakistan: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 2011, 378:1796-1803.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 1796-1803
    • Bari, A.1    Sadruddin, S.2    Khan, A.3
  • 54
    • 43749113823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges to improving case management of childhood pneumonia at health facilities in resource-limited settings
    • Graham SM, English M, Hazir T, Enarson P, Duke T Challenges to improving case management of childhood pneumonia at health facilities in resource-limited settings. Bull World Health Organ 2008, 86:349-355.
    • (2008) Bull World Health Organ , vol.86 , pp. 349-355
    • Graham, S.M.1    English, M.2    Hazir, T.3    Enarson, P.4    Duke, T.5
  • 56
    • 0032566233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance and clinical effectiveness of co-trimoxazole versus amoxycillin for pneumonia among children in Pakistan: randomised controlled trial
    • Straus WL, Qazi SA, Kundi Z, Nomani NK, Schwartz B Antimicrobial resistance and clinical effectiveness of co-trimoxazole versus amoxycillin for pneumonia among children in Pakistan: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1998, 352:270-274.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 270-274
    • Straus, W.L.1    Qazi, S.A.2    Kundi, Z.3    Nomani, N.K.4    Schwartz, B.5
  • 57
    • 0035082990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of acute otitis media
    • Leiberman A, Leibovitz E, Piglansky L, et al. Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis Jl 2001, 20:260-264.
    • (2001) Pediatr Infect Dis Jl , vol.20 , pp. 260-264
    • Leiberman, A.1    Leibovitz, E.2    Piglansky, L.3
  • 58
    • 84866323989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for multi-drug resistant invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa, a setting with high HIV prevalence in the prevaccine era from 2003-2008
    • Crowther-Gibson P, Cohen C, Klugman KP, Gouveia L, von Gottberg A Risk factors for multi-drug resistant invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa, a setting with high HIV prevalence in the prevaccine era from 2003-2008. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012, 56:5088-5095.
    • (2012) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.56 , pp. 5088-5095
    • Crowther-Gibson, P.1    Cohen, C.2    Klugman, K.P.3    Gouveia, L.4    von Gottberg, A.5
  • 59
    • 79951826209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of oral amoxicillin with placebo for the treatment of world health organization-defined nonsevere pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Pakistan
    • Hazir T, Nisar YB, Abbasi S, et al. Comparison of oral amoxicillin with placebo for the treatment of world health organization-defined nonsevere pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Pakistan. Clin Infect Dis 2011, 52:293-300.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 293-300
    • Hazir, T.1    Nisar, Y.B.2    Abbasi, S.3
  • 60
    • 33746903127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can WHO therapy failure criteria for non-severe pneumonia be improved in children aged 2-59 months?
    • Hazir T, Qazi SA, Nisar YB, et al. Can WHO therapy failure criteria for non-severe pneumonia be improved in children aged 2-59 months?. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006, 10:924-931.
    • (2006) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.10 , pp. 924-931
    • Hazir, T.1    Qazi, S.A.2    Nisar, Y.B.3
  • 61
    • 37449007685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory short-course high-dose oral amoxicillin for treatment of severe pneumonia in children: a randomised equivalency trial
    • Hazir T, Fox LM, Nisar YB, et al. Ambulatory short-course high-dose oral amoxicillin for treatment of severe pneumonia in children: a randomised equivalency trial. Lancet 2008, 371:49-56.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 49-56
    • Hazir, T.1    Fox, L.M.2    Nisar, Y.B.3
  • 62
    • 0038445612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying an equity lens to child health and mortality: more of the same is not enough
    • Victora CG, Wagstaff A, Schellenberg JA, et al. Applying an equity lens to child health and mortality: more of the same is not enough. Lancet 2003, 362:233-241.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 233-241
    • Victora, C.G.1    Wagstaff, A.2    Schellenberg, J.A.3
  • 65
    • 75649125256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of pediatric pneumococcal empyema from 2001 to 2007 in Utah
    • Byington CL Molecular epidemiology of pediatric pneumococcal empyema from 2001 to 2007 in Utah. J Clin Microbiol 2010, 48:520-525.
    • (2010) J Clin Microbiol , vol.48 , pp. 520-525
    • Byington, C.L.1
  • 67
    • 79951473317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal serotypes causing pneumonia with pleural effusion in pediatric patients
    • Yu J, Salamon D, Marcon M, Nahm MH Pneumococcal serotypes causing pneumonia with pleural effusion in pediatric patients. J Clin Microbiol 2011, 49:534-538.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 534-538
    • Yu, J.1    Salamon, D.2    Marcon, M.3    Nahm, M.H.4
  • 68
    • 61849176411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease among hospitalized children in Bangladesh: antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution
    • Saha SK, Naheed A, El Arifeen S, et al. Surveillance for invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease among hospitalized children in Bangladesh: antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 48:S75-S81.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.48
    • Saha, S.K.1    Naheed, A.2    El Arifeen, S.3
  • 69
    • 85099173020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the ten-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) against invasive pneumococcal disease: a cluster randomised trial
    • Palmu AA, Jokinen J, Borys D, et al. Effectiveness of the ten-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) against invasive pneumococcal disease: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 2013, 381:214-222.
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , pp. 214-222
    • Palmu, A.A.1    Jokinen, J.2    Borys, D.3
  • 70
    • 34047096257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in pneumonia admissions after routine childhood immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the USA: a time-series analysis
    • Grijalva CG, Nuorti JP, Arbogast PG, Martin SW, Edwards KM, Griffin MR Decline in pneumonia admissions after routine childhood immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the USA: a time-series analysis. Lancet 2007, 369:1179-1186.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 1179-1186
    • Grijalva, C.G.1    Nuorti, J.P.2    Arbogast, P.G.3    Martin, S.W.4    Edwards, K.M.5    Griffin, M.R.6
  • 71
    • 0034727809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States
    • Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. N Engl J Med 2000, 343:1917-1924.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1917-1924
    • Whitney, C.G.1    Farley, M.M.2    Hadler, J.3
  • 72
    • 33744485010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Portugal over an 11-year period
    • Dias R, Louro D, Canica M Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Portugal over an 11-year period. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50:2098-2105.
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 2098-2105
    • Dias, R.1    Louro, D.2    Canica, M.3
  • 73
    • 33748693294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biological cost of mutational antibiotic resistance: any practical conclusions?
    • Anderson DI The biological cost of mutational antibiotic resistance: any practical conclusions?. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006, 9:461-465.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.9 , pp. 461-465
    • Anderson, D.I.1
  • 74
    • 79960959549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pervasive sign epistasis between conjugative plasmids and drug-resistance chromosomal mutations
    • Silva RF, Mendonça SC, Carvalho LM, et al. Pervasive sign epistasis between conjugative plasmids and drug-resistance chromosomal mutations. PLoS Gen 2011, 7:e1002181.
    • (2011) PLoS Gen , vol.7
    • Silva, R.F.1    Mendonça, S.C.2    Carvalho, L.M.3
  • 75
    • 0036688194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models for the spread of resistant pathogens
    • Levin Br Models for the spread of resistant pathogens. Netherlands J Med 2002, 62:58-66.
    • (2002) Netherlands J Med , vol.62 , pp. 58-66
    • Levin, B.1
  • 77
    • 55149086971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in severe pneumonia
    • Madhi SA, Schoub B, Klugman KP Interaction between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in severe pneumonia. Expert Rev Respir Med 2008, 2:663-672.
    • (2008) Expert Rev Respir Med , vol.2 , pp. 663-672
    • Madhi, S.A.1    Schoub, B.2    Klugman, K.P.3
  • 78
    • 84859522686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal outcomes after influenza immunization during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial
    • Steinhoff MC, Omer SB, Roy E, et al. Neonatal outcomes after influenza immunization during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2012, 184:645-653.
    • (2012) CMAJ , vol.184 , pp. 645-653
    • Steinhoff, M.C.1    Omer, S.B.2    Roy, E.3
  • 79
    • 65549131982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of laboratory diagnostic procedures for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in community outbreaks
    • Thurman KA, Walter ND, Schwartz SB, et al. Comparison of laboratory diagnostic procedures for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in community outbreaks. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 48:1244-1249.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.48 , pp. 1244-1249
    • Thurman, K.A.1    Walter, N.D.2    Schwartz, S.B.3
  • 80
    • 18144443457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms overlap for malaria and pneumonia-policy implications for home management strategies
    • Kallander K, Nsungwa-Sabiiti J, Peterson S Symptoms overlap for malaria and pneumonia-policy implications for home management strategies. Acta Trop 2004, 90:211-214.
    • (2004) Acta Trop , vol.90 , pp. 211-214
    • Kallander, K.1    Nsungwa-Sabiiti, J.2    Peterson, S.3
  • 81
    • 79952065499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient upper respiratory tract viral infections in children with malaria symptoms in Western Kenya
    • Waitumbi JN, Kuypers J, Anyona SB, et al. Outpatient upper respiratory tract viral infections in children with malaria symptoms in Western Kenya. Am J Tropl Med Hyg 2010, 83:1010-1013.
    • (2010) Am J Tropl Med Hyg , vol.83 , pp. 1010-1013
    • Waitumbi, J.N.1    Kuypers, J.2    Anyona, S.B.3
  • 82
    • 84855391233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the respiratory index of severity in children (RISC) score among young children with respiratory infections in South Africa
    • Reed C, Madhi SA, Klugman KP, et al. Development of the respiratory index of severity in children (RISC) score among young children with respiratory infections in South Africa. PLoS One 2012, 7:e27793.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Reed, C.1    Madhi, S.A.2    Klugman, K.P.3
  • 83
    • 53649099480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved oxygen systems for childhood pneumonia: a multihospital effectiveness study in Papua New Guinea
    • Duke T, Wandi F, Jonathan M, et al. Improved oxygen systems for childhood pneumonia: a multihospital effectiveness study in Papua New Guinea. Lancet 2008, 372:1328-1333.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1328-1333
    • Duke, T.1    Wandi, F.2    Jonathan, M.3
  • 84
    • 72949093352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and implementation of a national programme for the management of severe and very severe pneumonia in children in Malawi
    • Enarson PM, Gie R, Enarson DA, Mwansambo C Development and implementation of a national programme for the management of severe and very severe pneumonia in children in Malawi. PLoS Med 2009, 6:e1000137.
    • (2009) PLoS Med , vol.6
    • Enarson, P.M.1    Gie, R.2    Enarson, D.A.3    Mwansambo, C.4
  • 85
    • 0032560350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulse oximetry in developing countries
    • Weber MW, Mulholland EK Pulse oximetry in developing countries. Lancet 1998, 351:1589.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1589
    • Weber, M.W.1    Mulholland, E.K.2
  • 86
    • 79954519568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventive zinc supplementation in developing countries: impact on mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria
    • Yakoob MY, Theodoratou E, Jabeen A, et al. Preventive zinc supplementation in developing countries: impact on mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria. BMC Public Health 2011, 11(suppl 3):S23.
    • (2011) BMC Public Health , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Yakoob, M.Y.1    Theodoratou, E.2    Jabeen, A.3
  • 87
    • 79251611449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of perinatal and newborn care in rural Pakistan through community-based strategies: a cluster-randomised effectiveness trial
    • Bhutta ZA, Soofi S, Cousens S, et al. Improvement of perinatal and newborn care in rural Pakistan through community-based strategies: a cluster-randomised effectiveness trial. Lancet 2011, 377:403-412.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 403-412
    • Bhutta, Z.A.1    Soofi, S.2    Cousens, S.3
  • 88
    • 78649775950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO, UNICEFUNICEF, World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund, Geneva, (accessed Dec 1, 2012).
    • Global action plan for prevention and control of pneumonia (GAPP) 2009, WHO, UNICEFUNICEF, World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund, Geneva, (accessed Dec 1, 2012). http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2009/WHO_FCH_CAH_NCH_09.04_eng.pdf.
    • (2009) Global action plan for prevention and control of pneumonia (GAPP)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.