메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue S2, 2013, Pages 3-8

Do data in the literature indicate that glycaemic variability is a clinical problem? Glycaemic variability and vascular complications of diabetes

Author keywords

Fasting blood glucose; Glycaemic variability; Glycated haemoglobin; Postprandial blood glucose; Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes; Vascular complications

Indexed keywords

GLIBENCLAMIDE; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN; NATEGLINIDE; REPAGLINIDE; SITAGLIPTIN; VILDAGLIPTIN;

EID: 84883225040     PISSN: 14628902     EISSN: 14631326     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/dom.12140     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (84)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 977-986.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 977-986
  • 2
    • 0034641568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study
    • Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321: 405-412.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 405-412
    • Stratton, I.M.1    Adler, A.I.2    Neil, H.A.3
  • 3
    • 45149131667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes
    • Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group
    • Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group, Gerstein HC, Miller ME et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2545-2559.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2545-2559
    • Gerstein, H.C.1    Miller, M.E.2
  • 4
    • 58149389215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes
    • Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129-139.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 129-139
    • Duckworth, W.1    Abraira, C.2    Moritz, T.3
  • 5
    • 45149133036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • ADVANCE Collaborative Group
    • ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Patel A, MacMahon S et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2560-2572.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2560-2572
    • Patel, A.1    MacMahon, S.2
  • 6
    • 29144453326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2643-2653.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2643-2653
    • Nathan, D.M.1    Cleary, P.A.2    Backlund, J.Y.3
  • 7
    • 33645732339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic variability: a hemoglobin A1c-independent risk factor for diabetic complications
    • Brownlee M, Hirsch IB. Glycemic variability: a hemoglobin A1c-independent risk factor for diabetic complications. JAMA 2006; 295: 1707-1708.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1707-1708
    • Brownlee, M.1    Hirsch, I.B.2
  • 8
    • 0029094533 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 1995; 44: 968-983.
    • (1995) Diabetes , vol.44 , pp. 968-983
  • 9
    • 80055050523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic variability: measurement and utility in clinical medicine and research-one viewpoint
    • Rodbard D. Glycemic variability: measurement and utility in clinical medicine and research-one viewpoint. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13: 1077-1080.
    • (2011) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.13 , pp. 1077-1080
    • Rodbard, D.1
  • 10
    • 57049128707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can glycaemic variability, as calculated from blood glucose self-monitoring, predict the development of complications in type 1 diabetes over a decade?
    • Bragd J, Adamson U, Bäcklund LB, Lins PE, Moberg E, Oskarsson P. Can glycaemic variability, as calculated from blood glucose self-monitoring, predict the development of complications in type 1 diabetes over a decade? Diabetes Metab 2008; 34: 612-616.
    • (2008) Diabetes Metab , vol.34 , pp. 612-616
    • Bragd, J.1    Adamson, U.2    Bäcklund, L.B.3    Lins, P.E.4    Moberg, E.5    Oskarsson, P.6
  • 11
    • 33746460818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of glucose variability on the risk of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes
    • Kilpatrick ES, Rigby AS, Atkin SL. The effect of glucose variability on the risk of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1486-1490.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 1486-1490
    • Kilpatrick, E.S.1    Rigby, A.S.2    Atkin, S.L.3
  • 12
    • 0034771456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of glycaemia to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetic Control and Complications Trial
    • Service FJ, O'Brien PC. The relation of glycaemia to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetic Control and Complications Trial. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 1215-1220.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , pp. 1215-1220
    • Service, F.J.1    O'Brien, P.C.2
  • 13
    • 42449121829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial-revisited
    • DCCT/EDIC Research Group
    • Lachin JM, Genuth S, Nathan DM, Zinman B, Rutledge BN, DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial-revisited. Diabetes 2008; 57: 995-1001.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 995-1001
    • Lachin, J.M.1    Genuth, S.2    Nathan, D.M.3    Zinman, B.4    Rutledge, B.N.5
  • 14
    • 0036400364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between blood glucose excursions and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study
    • Oyibo SO, Prasad YD, Jackson NJ, Jude EB, Boulton AJ. The relationship between blood glucose excursions and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study. Diabet Med 2002; 19: 870-873.
    • (2002) Diabet Med , vol.19 , pp. 870-873
    • Oyibo, S.O.1    Prasad, Y.D.2    Jackson, N.J.3    Jude, E.B.4    Boulton, A.J.5
  • 16
    • 37549005949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean blood glucose compared with HbA1c in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Kilpatrick ES, Rigby AS, Atkin SL. Mean blood glucose compared with HbA1c in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2008; 51: 365-371.
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51 , pp. 365-371
    • Kilpatrick, E.S.1    Rigby, A.S.2    Atkin, S.L.3
  • 17
    • 79953064502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycaemic variability is associated with coronary artery calcium in men with Type 1 diabetes: the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study
    • Snell-Bergeon JK, Roman R, Rodbard D et al. Glycaemic variability is associated with coronary artery calcium in men with Type 1 diabetes: the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study. Diabet Med 2010; 27: 1436-1442.
    • (2010) Diabet Med , vol.27 , pp. 1436-1442
    • Snell-Bergeon, J.K.1    Roman, R.2    Rodbard, D.3
  • 18
    • 0032902850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4years
    • Coutinho M, Gerstein HC, Wang Y, Yusuf S. The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95, 783 individuals followed for 12.4years. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 233-240.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 233-240
    • Coutinho, M.1    Gerstein, H.C.2    Wang, Y.3    Yusuf, S.4
  • 19
    • 84862061688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiometabolic risk profiles and carotid atherosclerosis in individuals with prediabetes identified by fasting glucose, postchallenge glucose, and hemoglobin A1c criteria
    • Marini MA, Succurro E, Castaldo E et al. Cardiometabolic risk profiles and carotid atherosclerosis in individuals with prediabetes identified by fasting glucose, postchallenge glucose, and hemoglobin A1c criteria. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1144-1149.
    • (2012) Diabetes Care , vol.35 , pp. 1144-1149
    • Marini, M.A.1    Succurro, E.2    Castaldo, E.3
  • 20
    • 0029015145 scopus 로고
    • Long-term instability of fasting plasma glucose predicts mortality in elderly NIDDM patients: the Verona Diabetes Study
    • Muggeo M, Verlato G, Bonora E et al. Long-term instability of fasting plasma glucose predicts mortality in elderly NIDDM patients: the Verona Diabetes Study. Diabetologia 1995; 38: 672-679.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , pp. 672-679
    • Muggeo, M.1    Verlato, G.2    Bonora, E.3
  • 21
    • 0033957393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting plasma glucose variability predicts 10-year survival of type 2 diabetic patients: the Verona Diabetes Study
    • Muggeo M, Zoppini G, Bonora E et al. Fasting plasma glucose variability predicts 10-year survival of type 2 diabetic patients: the Verona Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 45-50.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , pp. 45-50
    • Muggeo, M.1    Zoppini, G.2    Bonora, E.3
  • 22
    • 60849092955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of body weight, pulse pressure and glycaemia strongly predict total mortality in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. The Verona Diabetes Study
    • Zoppini G, Verlato G, Targher G, Bonora E, Trombetta M, Muggeo M. Variability of body weight, pulse pressure and glycaemia strongly predict total mortality in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. The Verona Diabetes Study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008; 24: 624-628.
    • (2008) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.24 , pp. 624-628
    • Zoppini, G.1    Verlato, G.2    Targher, G.3    Bonora, E.4    Trombetta, M.5    Muggeo, M.6
  • 23
    • 3142760075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression of carotid atherosclerosis by control of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Campanian Postprandial Hyperglycemia Study Group.
    • Esposito K, Giugliano D, Nappo F, Marfella R, Campanian Postprandial Hyperglycemia Study Group. Regression of carotid atherosclerosis by control of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2004; 110: 214-219.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 214-219
    • Esposito, K.1    Giugliano, D.2    Nappo, F.3    Marfella, R.4
  • 24
    • 33644832167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial blood glucose is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in women: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study
    • Cavalot F, Petrelli A, Traversa M et al. Postprandial blood glucose is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in women: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 813-819.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 813-819
    • Cavalot, F.1    Petrelli, A.2    Traversa, M.3
  • 25
    • 84857015331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial blood glucose predicts cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes in a 14-year follow-up: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study
    • Cavalot F, Pagliarino A, Valle M et al. Postprandial blood glucose predicts cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes in a 14-year follow-up: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 2237-2243.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 2237-2243
    • Cavalot, F.1    Pagliarino, A.2    Valle, M.3
  • 26
    • 0029957413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death in newly detected NIDDM: the Diabetes Intervention Study, 11-year follow-up
    • Hanefeld M, Fischer S, Julius U et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death in newly detected NIDDM: the Diabetes Intervention Study, 11-year follow-up. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 1577-1583.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 1577-1583
    • Hanefeld, M.1    Fischer, S.2    Julius, U.3
  • 27
    • 84866422656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of HbA1c as a risk marker for diabetes complications
    • Kilpatrick ES. The rise and fall of HbA1c as a risk marker for diabetes complications. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 2089-2091.
    • (2012) Diabetologia , vol.55 , pp. 2089-2091
    • Kilpatrick, E.S.1
  • 28
    • 58849150951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A1C variability and the risk of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes: data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • Kilpatrick ES, Rigby AS, Atkin SL. A1C variability and the risk of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes: data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 2198-2202.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 2198-2202
    • Kilpatrick, E.S.1    Rigby, A.S.2    Atkin, S.L.3
  • 29
    • 70350539523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A1C variability predicts incident cardiovascular events, microalbuminuria, and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Wadén J, Forsblom C, Thorn LM et al. A1C variability predicts incident cardiovascular events, microalbuminuria, and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2009; 58: 2649-2655.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , pp. 2649-2655
    • Wadén, J.1    Forsblom, C.2    Thorn, L.M.3
  • 30
    • 79956189042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A1C variability as an independent risk factor for microalbuminuria in young people with type 1 diabetes
    • Marcovecchio ML, Dalton RN, Chiarelli F, Dunger DB. A1C variability as an independent risk factor for microalbuminuria in young people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 1011-1013.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 1011-1013
    • Marcovecchio, M.L.1    Dalton, R.N.2    Chiarelli, F.3    Dunger, D.B.4
  • 31
    • 84866434711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HbA1c variability and the development of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes: Tsukuba Kawai Diabetes Registry 2
    • Sugawara A, Kawai K, Motohashi S et al. HbA1c variability and the development of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes: Tsukuba Kawai Diabetes Registry 2. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 2128-2131.
    • (2012) Diabetologia , vol.55 , pp. 2128-2131
    • Sugawara, A.1    Kawai, K.2    Motohashi, S.3
  • 32
    • 84868195634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HbA1c variability is associated with microalbuminuria development in type 2 diabetes: a 7-year prospective cohort study
    • Hsu CC, Chang HY, Huang MC et al. HbA1c variability is associated with microalbuminuria development in type 2 diabetes: a 7-year prospective cohort study. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 3163-3172.
    • (2012) Diabetologia , vol.55 , pp. 3163-3172
    • Hsu, C.C.1    Chang, H.Y.2    Huang, M.C.3
  • 33
    • 84881552945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HbA1c variability as an independent correlate of nephropathy, but not retinopathy, in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study
    • for the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group.; DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2264 [Epub 14 March 2013].
    • Penno G, Solini A, Bonora E et al., for the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group. HbA1c variability as an independent correlate of nephropathy, but not retinopathy, in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study. Diabetes Care 2013; DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2264 [Epub 14 March 2013].
    • (2013) Diabetes Care
    • Penno, G.1    Solini, A.2    Bonora, E.3
  • 34
    • 84883252195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial
    • Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R et al. Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial. JAMA 2003; 2904: 86-94.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.2904 , pp. 86-94
    • Chiasson, J.L.1    Josse, R.G.2    Gomis, R.3
  • 35
    • 77951473452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events
    • NAVIGATOR Study Group
    • NAVIGATOR Study Group, Holman RR, Haffner SM et al. Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1463-1476.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 1463-1476
    • Holman, R.R.1    Haffner, S.M.2
  • 36
    • 64749114318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prandial versus fasting glycemia on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: the HEART2D trial
    • Raz I, Wilson PWF, Strojek K et al. Effects of prandial versus fasting glycemia on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: the HEART2D trial. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 381-386.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 381-386
    • Raz, I.1    Wilson, P.W.F.2    Strojek, K.3
  • 37
    • 80054680640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post hoc subgroup analysis of the HEART2D trial demonstrates lower cardiovascular risk in older patients targeting postprandial versus fasting/premeal glycemia
    • Raz I, Ceriello A, Wilson PW et al. Post hoc subgroup analysis of the HEART2D trial demonstrates lower cardiovascular risk in older patients targeting postprandial versus fasting/premeal glycemia. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 1511-1513.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 1511-1513
    • Raz, I.1    Ceriello, A.2    Wilson, P.W.3
  • 38
    • 77954790519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Glycaemic variability': a new therapeutic challenge in diabetes and the critical care setting
    • Ceriello A, Ihnat MA. 'Glycaemic variability': a new therapeutic challenge in diabetes and the critical care setting. Diabet Med 2010; 27: 862-867.
    • (2010) Diabet Med , vol.27 , pp. 862-867
    • Ceriello, A.1    Ihnat, M.A.2
  • 39
    • 0034643340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage
    • Nishikawa T, Edelstein D, Du XL et al. Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage. Nature 2000; 404: 787-790.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 787-790
    • Nishikawa, T.1    Edelstein, D.2    Du, X.L.3
  • 40
    • 0037109184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress
    • Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress. Circulation 2002; 106: 2067-2072.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 2067-2072
    • Esposito, K.1    Nappo, F.2    Marfella, R.3
  • 41
    • 33645745733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of oxidative stress by acute glucose fluctuations compared with sustained chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Monnier L, Mas E, Ginet C et al. Activation of oxidative stress by acute glucose fluctuations compared with sustained chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA 2006; 295: 1681-1687.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1681-1687
    • Monnier, L.1    Mas, E.2    Ginet, C.3
  • 42
    • 36649006065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose fluctuations and activation of oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Wentholt IM, Kulik W, Michels RP, Hoekstra JB, DeVries JH. Glucose fluctuations and activation of oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2008; 51: 183-190.
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51 , pp. 183-190
    • Wentholt, I.M.1    Kulik, W.2    Michels, R.P.3    Hoekstra, J.B.4    DeVries, J.H.5
  • 43
    • 84866645242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation by blunting daily acute glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes: role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibition
    • Rizzo MR, Barbieri M, Marfella R, Paolisso G. Reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation by blunting daily acute glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes: role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibition. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 2076-2082.
    • (2012) Diabetes Care , vol.35 , pp. 2076-2082
    • Rizzo, M.R.1    Barbieri, M.2    Marfella, R.3    Paolisso, G.4
  • 44
    • 33746617223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different mechanisms for impaired fasting glucose and impaired postprandial glucose tolerance in humans
    • Meyer C, Pimenta W, Woerle HJ et al. Different mechanisms for impaired fasting glucose and impaired postprandial glucose tolerance in humans. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1909-1914.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 1909-1914
    • Meyer, C.1    Pimenta, W.2    Woerle, H.J.3
  • 45
    • 34547957993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia (postprandial dysmetabolism) is a cardiovascular risk factor
    • O'Keefe JH, Bell DS. Postprandial hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia (postprandial dysmetabolism) is a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J Cardiol 2007; 100: 899-904.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiol , vol.100 , pp. 899-904
    • O'Keefe, J.H.1    Bell, D.S.2
  • 46
    • 0042166232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA(1c)
    • Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C. Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA(1c). Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 881-885.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 881-885
    • Monnier, L.1    Lapinski, H.2    Colette, C.3
  • 47
    • 34247636085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of fasting and postprandial glycemia on overall glycemic control in type 2 diabetes Importance of postprandial glycemia to achieve target HbA1c levels
    • Woerle HJ, Neumann C, Zschau S et al. Impact of fasting and postprandial glycemia on overall glycemic control in type 2 diabetes Importance of postprandial glycemia to achieve target HbA1c levels. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 77: 280-285.
    • (2007) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.77 , pp. 280-285
    • Woerle, H.J.1    Neumann, C.2    Zschau, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.