Mapping biological behaviors by application of longer-lived positron emitting radionuclides

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

Volumn 65, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 1098-1111

  Zhou, Yang ^a   Baidoo, Kwamena E ^a   Brechbiel, Martin W ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

124I; 64Cu; 86Y; 89Zr; Immuno PET; Monoclonal antibodies; Oncology; Radioimmunoimaging

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; CLINICAL TRANSLATION; IMMUNO-PET; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (MABS); POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET); PREPARATION PROCEDURES; RADIOIMMUNOIMAGING; TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT;

DRUG DELIVERY; ELECTRONS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; ONCOLOGY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; POSITRONS; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; ZIRCONIUM;

RADIOISOTOPES;

ARSENIC AS 72; BROMINE BR 72; BROMINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY 38S1 BR 76; COBALT CO 55; COPPER 1,4,7 TRIAZACYLONONANE N,N',N'' TRIACETIC ACID MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TRC105 CU 64; COPPER 1,4,7,10 TETRAAZACYCLODODECANE N,N',N'',N''' TETRAACETIC ACID CETUXIMAB CU 64; COPPER EDETIC ACID CU 64; COPPER TRIENTINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY 1A3 CU 64; GALLIUM GA 66; INDIUM TRASTUZUMAB IN 111; IODINE CHIMERIC ANTIBODY G250 I 124; IODINE CHIMERIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY U36 I 124; IODINE HUMANIZED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY A33 I 124; IODINE HUMANIZED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY A33 I 125; IODINE HUMANIZED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY A33 I 131; MAGNESIUM MN 52; MANGANESE DIETHYLENETRIAMINEPENTAACETIC ACID MG 54; RADIOISOTOPE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; YTTRIUM 1,4,7,10 TETRAAZACYCLODODECANE N,N',N'',N''' TETRAACETIC ACID CETUXIMAB Y 90; YTTRIUM CETUXIMAB Y 86; YTTRIUM PANITUMUMAB Y 86; YTTRIUM TETRAXETAN DEXTRO PHENYLALANINE 1 TYROSINE 3 OCTREOTIDE Y 86; ZIRCONIUM BEVACIZUMAB ZR 89; ZIRCONIUM CHIMERIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY U36 ZR 89; ZIRCONIUM FRESOLIMUMAB ZR 89; ZIRCONIUM IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN ZR 89; ZIRCONIUM PANITUMUMAB ZR 89; ZIRCONIUM TRASTUZUMAB ZR 89; ZIRCONIUM ZR 89;

ANTIBODY LABELING; GAMMA RADIATION; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; ISOTOPE LABELING; NONHUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ENGINEERING; PROTEIN TARGETING; RADIATION DETECTION; RADIATION DOSE DISTRIBUTION; RADIATION MONITORING; RADIOACTIVITY; RADIOCHEMISTRY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; RADIOMETRY; REVIEW; TUMOR LOCALIZATION;

EID: 84883211591     PISSN: 0169409X     EISSN: 18728294     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.012     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Larson S.M., Pentlow K.S., Volkow N.D., Wolf A.P., Finn R.D., Lambrecht R.M., Graham M.C., Di Resta G., Bendriem B., Daghighian F., Yeh S.D.J., Wang G.J., Cheung N.V. PET scanning of iodine-124-3F8 as an approach to tumor dosimetry during treatment planning for radioimmunotherapy in a child with neuroblastoma. J. Nucl. Med. 1992, 33:2020-2023.
2. Verel I., Visser G.W., Boerman O.C., van Eerd J.E., Finn R., Boellaard R., Vosjan M.J., Stigter-van Walsum M., Snow G.B., van Dongen G.A. Long-lived positron emitters zirconium-89 and iodine-124 for scouting of therapeutic radioimmunoconjugates with PET. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 2003, 18:655-661.
3. Gambhir S.S., Czernin J., Schwimmer J., Silverman D.H., Coleman R.E., Phelps M.E. A tabulated summary of the FDG PET literature. J. Nucl. Med. 2001, 42:1S-93S.
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody_therapy.
5. Boswell C.A., Brechbiel M.W. Development of radioimmunotherapeutic and diagnostic antibodies: an inside-out view. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2007, 34:757-778.
6. 18F radiolabeling for PET. J. Nucl. Med. 2009, 50:991-998.
7. 18F-labeled bombesin analog. J. Nucl. Med. 2012, 53:947-952.
8. McCabe K.E., Wu A.M. Positive progress in immunoPET-not just a coincidence. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 2010, 25:253-261.
9. Nayak T.K., Brechbiel M.W. Radioimmunoimaging with longer-lived positron-emitting radionuclides: potentials and challenges. Bioconjug. Chem. 2009, 20:825-841.
10. Lövqvist A., Sundin A., Ahlström H., Carlsson J., Lundqvist H. Pharmacokinetics and experimental PET imaging of a bromine-76-labeled monoclonal anti-CEA antibody. J. Nucl. Med. 1997, 38:395-401.
11. Nagengast W.B., de Vries E.G., Hospers G.A., Mulder N.H., de Jong J.R., Hollema H., Brouwers A.H., van Dongen G.A., Perk L.R., Lub-de Hooge M.N. In vivo VEGF imaging with radiolabeled bevacizumab in a human ovarian tumor xenograft. J. Nucl. Med. 2007, 48:1313-1319.
12. Jayson G.C., Zweit J., Jackson A., Mulatero C., Julyan P., Ranson M., Broughton L., Wagstaff J., Hakannson L., Groenewegen G., Bailey J., Smith N., Hastings D., Lawrance J., Haroon H., Ward T., McGown A.T., Tang M., Levitt D., Marreaud S., Lehmann F.F., Herold M., Zwierzina H. Molecular imaging and biological evaluation of HuMV833 anti-VEGF antibody: implications for trial design of antiangiogenic antibodies. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2002, 94:1484-1493.
13. 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with sarcomas: interobserver variability of quantitative parameters in treatment-induced changes in histopathologically responding and nonresponding tumors. J. Nucl. Med. 2008, 49:1038-1046.
14. 18F-FDG PET and CT non-small cell lung cancer tumor delineation. J. Nucl. Med. 2011, 52:1690-1697.
15. Hu T.C., Christian T.F., Aletras A.H., Taylor J.L., Koretsky A.P., Arai A.E. Manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of normal and ischemic canine heart. Magn. Reson. Med. 2005, 54:196-200.
16. Buck A., Nguyen N., Burger C., Ziegler S., Frey L., Weigand G., Erhardt W., Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R., Pellikka R., Bläuenstein P., Locher J.T., Schwaiger M. Quantitative evaluation of manganese-52m as a myocardial perfusion tracer in pigs using positron emission tomography. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 1996, 23:1619-1627.
17. Boudreau R.J., Burbidge S., Sirr S., Loken M.K. Comparison of the biodistribution of manganese-54 DTPA and gadolinium-153 DTPA in dogs. J. Nucl. Med. 1987, 28:349-353.
18. Aschner M., Erikson K.M., Dorman D.C. Manganese dosimetry: species differences and implications for neurotoxicity. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2005, 35:1-32.
19. Schroeter J.D., Nong A., Yoon M., Taylor M.D., Dorman D.C., Andersen M.E., Clewell H.J. Analysis of manganese tracer kinetics and target tissue dosimetry in monkeys and humans with multi-route physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. Toxicol. Sci. 2011, 120:481-498.
20. 210Pb in the rat. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1972, 29:74-80.
21. De Reuck J., Paemeleire K., Santens P., Strijckmans K., Lemahieu I. Cobalt-55 positron emission tomography in symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid artery disease: borderzone versus territorial infarcts. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 2004, 106:77-81.
22. De Reuck J., Santens P., Keppens J., De Bleecker J., Strijckmans K., Goethals P., Lemahieu I., Korf J. Cobalt-55 positron emission tomography in recurrent ischaemic stroke. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 1999, 101:15-18.
23. Jansen H.M., Dierckx R.A., Hew J.M., Paans A.M., Minderhoud J.M., Korf J. Positron emission tomography in primary brain tumours using cobalt-55. Nucl. Med. Commun. 1997, 18:734-740.
24. Jansen H.M., Knollema S., van der Duin L.V., Willemsen A.T., Wiersma A., Franssen E.J., Russel F.G., Korf J., Paans A.M. Pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of cobalt-55 and cobalt-57. J. Nucl. Med. 1996, 37:2082-2086.
25. 55Co-EDTA for renal imaging using positron emission tomography (PET): a feasibility study. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2000, 27:77-81.
26. 55Cobalt complexes with pendant carbohydrates as potential PET imaging agents. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2007, 65:1303-1308.
27. Hao G., Singh A.N., Liu W., Sun X. PET with non-standard nuclides. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2010, 10:1096-1112.
28. Bryan J.N., Jia F., Mohsin H., Sivaguru G., Anderson C.J., Miller W.H., Henry C.J., Lewis M.R. Monoclonal antibodies for copper-64 PET dosimetry and radioimmunotherapy. Cancer Biol. Ther. 2011, 11:1001-1007.
29. Niu G., Sun X., Cao Q., Courter D., Koong A., Le Q.T., Gambhir S.S., Chen X. Cetuximab-based immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2010, 16:2095-2105.
30. Evans M.J., Smith-Jones P.M., Wongvipat J., Navarro V., Kim S., Bander N.H., Larson S.M., Sawyers C.L. Noninvasive measurement of androgen receptor signaling with a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical that targets prostate-specific membrane antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2011, 108:9578-9582.
31. 64Cu-DOTA-cetuximab, a PET-imaging agent for epidermal growth-factor receptor-positive tumors. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 2008, 23:158-171.
32. Elsässer-Beile U., Reischl G., Wiehr S., Bühler P., Wolf P., Alt K., Shively J., Judenhofer M.S., Machulla H.J., Pichler B.J. PET imaging of prostate cancer xenografts with a highly specific antibody against the prostate-specific membrane antigen. J. Nucl. Med. 2009, 50:606-611.
33. 67Cu-antibody conjugate to ceruloplasmin in lymphoma patients. Nucl. Med. Biol. 1999, 26:841-845.
34. 64Cu-labeled cetuximab, a chimeric anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2007, 34:850-858.
35. 89Zr-labeled cetuximab uptake assessed with PET. J. Nucl. Med. 2009, 50:123-131.
36. 64Cu-complexing bifunctional chelators for radioimmunoconjugation: labeling efficiency, specific activity, and in vitro/in vivo stability. Bioconjug. Chem. 2012, 23:1029-1039.
37. 64Cu-labeled monoclonal antibody: NOTA is superior to DOTA. PLoS One 2011, 6:e28005.
38. Dearling J.L., Voss S.D., Dunning P., Snay E., Fahey F., Smith S.V., Huston J.S., Meares C.F., Treves S.T., Packard A.B. Imaging cancer using PET-the effect of the bifunctional chelator on the biodistribution of a 64Cu-labeled antibody. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2011, 38:29-38.
39. Sharkey R.M., Behr T.M., Mattes M.J., Stein R., Griffiths G.L., Shih L.B., Hansen H.J., Blumenthal R.D., Dunn R.M., Juweid M.E., Goldenberg D.M. Advantage of residualizing radiolabels for an internalizing antibody against the B-cell lymphoma antigen, CD22. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 1997, 44:179-188.
40. Baranowska-Kortylewicz J., Kortylewicz Z.P., Hoffman D., Dalrymple G.V. Prodrugs in site-selective delivery of radiopharmaceuticals. Q. J. Nucl. Med. 1997, 41:127-139.
41. Thorpe S.R., Baynes J.W., Chroneos Z.C. The design and application of residualizing labels for studies of protein catabolism. FASEB J. 1993, 7:399-405.
42. Bryan J.N., Jia F., Mohsin H., Sivaguru G., Miller W.H., Anderson C.J., Henry C.J., Lewis M.R. Comparative uptakes and biodistributions of internalizing vs. noninternalizing copper-64 radioimmunoconjugates in cell and animal models of colon cancer. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2005, 32:851-858.
43. Philpott G.W., Schwarz S.W., Anderson C.J., Dehdashti F., Connett J.M., Zinn K.R., Meares C.F., Cutler P.D., Welch M.J., Siegel B.A. RadioimmunoPET: detection of colorectal carcinoma with positron-emitting copper-64-labeled monoclonal antibody. J. Nucl. Med. 1995, 36:1818-1824.
44. 64Cu-DOTATATE: first-in-humans study. J. Nucl. Med. 2012, (Epub ahead of print). 10.2967/jnumed.111.101469.
45. 68Ga-based imaging agents: chemistry and diversity. Med. Chem. 2011, 7:345-379.
46. Lewis M.R., Reichert D.E., Laforest R., Margenau W.H., Shefer R.E., Klinkowstein R.E., Hughey B.J., Welch M.J. Production and purification of gallium-66 for preparation of tumor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2002, 29:701-706.
47. 66Ga-labeled monoclonal antibody. Mol. Pharm. 2012, 9:1441-1448.
48. 68Ga-labeled Ga(III)-deferoxamine-folate as potential folate-receptor-targeted PET radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2003, 30:725-731.
49. Ugur O., Kothari P.J., Finn R.D., Zanzonico P., Ruan S., Guenther I., Maecke H.R., Larson S.M. Ga-66 labeled somatostatin analogue DOTA-DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide as a potential agent for positron emission tomography imaging and receptor mediated internal radiotherapy of somatostatin receptor positive tumors. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2002, 29:147-157.
50. Van Der Werff J.T. Clinical investigations on the use of radioactive gallium (Ga66 and Ga67) in bone diseases. Acta Radiol. 1954, 41:343-347.
51. 72As generator system. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2012, 70:595-601.
52. 72As generator. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2012, 70:819-822.
53. 72As generator: a current perspective. Curr. Radiopharm. 2012, 5:264-270.
54. 72/74As-labeling of HPMA based polymers for long-term in vivo PET imaging. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20:5454-5458.
55. Jennewein M., Lewis M.A., Zhao D., Tsyganov E., Slavine N., He J., Watkins L., Kodibagkar V.D., O'Kelly S., Kulkarni P., Antich P.P., Hermanne A., Rösch F., Mason R.P., Thorpe P.E. Vascular imaging of solid tumors in rats with a radioactive arsenic-labeled antibody that binds exposed phosphatidylserine. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14:1377-1385.
56. 76Br radiolabeling of aromatic compounds via electrophilic substitution. Bioconjug. Chem. 2009, 20:808-816.
57. Lang L., Li W., Jia H.M., Fang D.C., Zhang S., Sun X., Zhu L., Ma Y., Shen B., Kiesewetter D.O., Niu G., Chen X. New methods for labeling RGD peptides with bromine-76. Theranostics 2011, 1:341-353.
58. 3He- and α-particle induced reactions for production of the medically interesting positron-emitter bromine-76. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2011, 69:1490-1505.
59. Mume E., Orlova A., Malmström P.U., Lundqvist H., Sjöberg S., Tolmachev V. Radiobromination of humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab using N-succinimidyl 5-bromo-3-pyridinecarboxylate, a potential label for immuno-PET. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2005, 32:613-622.
60. Lövqvist A., Sundin A., Roberto A., Ahlström H., Carlsson J., Lundqvist H. Comparative PET imaging of experimental tumors with bromine-76-labeled antibodies, fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and carbon-11-methionine. J. Nucl. Med. 1997, 38:1029-1035.
61. 76Br-labeled human recombinant antibody fragment to the ED-B domain of fibronectin. J. Nucl. Med. 2007, 48:1172-1179.
62. 76Br-bromide and PET. J. Nucl. Med. 2003, 44:1210-1218.
63. Lee H., Finck B.N., Jones L.A., Welch M.J., Mach R.H. Synthesis and evaluation of a bromine-76-labeled PPARγ antagonist 2-bromo-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2006, 33:847-854.
64. Soremark R., Ullberg S. Distribution of bromide in mice: an autoradiographic study with Br-82. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 1960, 8:192-197.
65. Borsi L., Balza E., Bestagno M., Castellani P., Carnemolla B., Biro A., Leprini A., Sepulveda J., Burrone O., Neri D., Zardi L. Selective targeting of tumoral vasculature: comparison of different formats of an antibody (L19) to the ED-B domain of fibronectin. Int. J. Cancer 2002, 102:75-85.
66. Lövqvist A., Sundin A., Ahlström H., Carlsson J., Lundqvist H. Pharmacokinetics and experimental PET imaging of a bromine-76-labeled monoclonal anti-CEA antibody. J. Nucl. Med. 1997, 38:395-401.
67. Zhou D., Sharp T.L., Fettig N.M., Lee H., Lewis J.S., Katzenellenbogen J.A., Welch M.J. Evaluation of a bromine-76-labeled progestin 16α,17α-dioxolane for breast tumor imaging and radiotherapy: in vivo biodistribution and metabolic stability studies. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2008, 35:655-663.
68. Tolmachev V., Orlova A. Influence of labelling methods on biodistribution and imaging properties of radiolabelled peptides for visualisation of molecular therapeutic targets. Curr. Med. Chem. 2010, 17:2636-2655.
69. Vaiseman N., Koren G., Pencharz P. Pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous bromide in normal volunteers. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1986, 24:403-413.
70. Rauws A.G., Van Logten M.J. The influence of dietary chloride on bromide excretion in the rat. Toxicology 1975, 3:29-32.
71. 86Y-CHX-A″-DTPA-bevacizumab. Int. J. Cancer 2011, 128:920-926.
72. 86Y based PET radiopharmaceuticals: radiochemistry and biological applications. Med. Chem. 2011, 7:380-388.
73. 2 fragment of panitumumab for molecular imaging and therapy of HER1-positive cancers. EJNMMI Res. 2011, 1:1.
74. 86Y for quantitative PET of carcinoma. J. Nucl. Med. 2010, 51:942-950.
75. 86Y-CHX-A″-DTPA-cetuximab. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2010, 37:1368-1376.
76. 86Y-cetuximab for PET imaging of human malignant mesothelioma tumors xenografts. PLoS One 2011, 6:e18198.
77. Wang W., Wang E.Q., Balthasar J.P. Monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2008, 84:548-558.
78. 90Y-DOTATOC therapy and relationship to the decrease of platelet counts. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2011, 38:1270-1280.
79. Zhang Y., Hong H., Cai W. PET tracers based on zirconium-89. Curr. Radiopharm. 2011, 4:131-139.
80. Vosjan M.J., Perk L.R., Visser G.W., Budde M., Jurek P., Kiefer G.E., van Dongen G.A. Conjugation and radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies with zirconium-89 for PET imaging using the bifunctional chelate p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine. Nat. Protoc. 2010, 5:739-743.
81. 89Zr-trastuzumab for HER2/neu immunoPET imaging. J. Nucl. Med. 2009, 50:974-981.
82. 177Lu in tumor-bearing nude mice after coupling to the internalizing antibody cetuximab. J. Nucl. Med. 2005, 46:1898-1906.
83. 89Zr-labeled panitumumab. J. Nucl. Med. 2012, 53:113-120.
84. 89Zr-trastuzumab and PET imaging of HER2-positive lesions in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2010, 87:586-592.
85. 89Zr-bevacizumab PET of early antiangiogenic tumor response to treatment with HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922. J. Nucl. Med. 2010, 51:761-767.
86. 89Zr-ibritumomab tiuxetan and PET. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2012, 39:512-520.
87. 89Zr-labeled transforming growth factor-β antibody fresolimumab in tumor models. J. Nucl. Med. 2011, 52:2001-2008.
88. 89Zr-Df-TRC105. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2012, 39:138-148.
89. 89Zr-7E11 immuno-PET. J. Nucl. Med. 2011, 52:1608-1615.
90. 89Zr-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 as used for immuno-PET in head and neck cancer patients. J. Nucl. Med. 2009, 50:1828-1836.
91. Divgi C.R., Pandit-Taskar N., Jungbluth A.A., Reuter V.E., Gönen M., Ruan S., Pierre C., Nagel A., Pryma D.A., Humm J., Larson S.M., Old L.J., Russo P. Preoperative characterisation of clear-cell renal carcinoma using iodine-124-labelled antibody chimeric G250 (124I-cG250) and PET in patients with renal masses: a phase I trial. Lancet Oncol. 2007, 8:304-310.
92. Chacko A.M., Divgi C.R. Radiopharmaceutical chemistry with iodine-124: a non-standard radiohalogen for positron emission tomography. Med. Chem. 2011, 7:395-412.
93. Sharkey R.M., Karacay H., McBride W.J., Rossi E.A., Chang C.H., Goldenberg D.M. Bispecific antibody pretargeting of radionuclides for immuno single-photon emission computed tomography and immuno positron emission tomography molecular imaging: an update. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13:5577s-5585s.
94. Koehler L., Gagnon K., McQuarrie S., Wuest F. Iodine-124: a promising positron emitter for organic PET chemistry. Molecules 2010, 15:2686-2718.
95. Herzog H., Tellmann L., Scholten B., Coenen H.H., Qaim S.M. PET imaging problems with the non-standard positron emitters yttrium-86 and iodine-124. Q. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2008, 52:159-165.
96. 124I-huA33 antibody uptake is driven by A33 antigen concentration in tissues from colorectal cancer patients imaged by immuno-PET. J. Nucl. Med. 2011, 52:1878-1885.
97. 124I-huA33 antibody PET of colorectal cancer. J. Nucl. Med. 2011, 52:1173-1180.
98. Belov V.V., Bonab A.A., Fischman A.J., Heartlein M., Calias P., Papisov M.I. Iodine-124 as a label for pharmacological PET imaging. Mol. Pharm. 2011, 8:736-747.
99. 124I-cG250. J. Nucl. Med. 2011, 52:535-540.
100. 124I-PET. J. Nucl. Med. 2012, 53:615-621.
101. Girgis M.D., Olafsen T., Kenanova V., McCabe K.E., Wu A.M., Tomlinson J.S. CA19-9 as a potential target for radiolabeled antibody-based positron emission tomography of pancreas cancer. Int. J. Mol. Imaging 2011, 2011:834515.
102. 124I-HuCC49deltaCH2 for TAG-72 antigen-directed positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of LS174T colon adenocarcinoma tumor implants in xenograft mice: preliminary results. World J. Surg. Oncol. 2010, 6:65.
103. 124I-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibody cG250 for accurate localization and confirmation of extent of disease during laparoscopic and open surgical resection of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Surg. Innov. 2012, (Epub ahead of print).
104. Scott A.M., Lee F.T., Jones R., Hopkins W., MacGregor D., Cebon J.S., Hannah A., Chong G., P.U., Papenfuss A., Rigopoulos A., Sturrock S., Murphy R., Wirth V., Murone C., Smyth F.E., Knight S., Welt S., Ritter G., Richards E., Nice E.C., Burgess A.W., Old L.J. A phase I trial of humanized monoclonal antibody A33 in patients with colorectal carcinoma: biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and quantitative tumor uptake. Clin. Cancer Res. 2005, 11:4810-4817.
105. Reddy S., Robinson M.K. Immuno-PET in cancer models. Semin. Nucl. Med. 2010, 40:182-189.
106. Stein R., Goldenberg D.M., Thorpe S.R., Basu A., Mattes M.J. Effects of radiolabeling monoclonal antibodies with a residualizing iodine radiolabel on the accretion of radioisotope in tumors. Cancer Res. 1995, 55:3132-3139.
107. van Schaijk F.G., Broekema M., Oosterwijk E., van Eerd J.E., McBride B.J., Goldenberg D.M., Corstens F.H., Boerman O.C. Residualizing iodine markedly improved tumor targeting using bispecific antibody-based pretargeting. J. Nucl. Med. 2005, 46:1016-1022.
108. Wilbur D.S., Hadley S.W., Hylarides M.D., Abrams P.G., Beaumier P.A., Morgan A.C., Reno J.M., Fritzberg A.R. Development of a stable radioiodinating reagent to label monoclonal antibodies for radiotherapy of cancer. J. Nucl. Med. 1989, 30:216-226.
109. U.S.Food and Drug Administration Guidance: PET Drugs-Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) (Small Entity Compliance Guide) Available at:, (Accessed on: August 15, 2012). http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformati on/Guidances/ucm266640.pdf.
110. Zalcberg J.R., Thompson C.H., Lichtenstein M., Andrews J., McKenzie I.F. Localization of human colorectal tumor xenografts in the nude mouse with the use of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1983, 71:801-808.
111. Goldenberg D.M., Chang C.H., Rossi E.A., McBride W.J., Sharkey R.M. Pretargeted molecular imaging and radioimmunotherapy. Theranostics 2012, 2:523-540.
112. 18F-labeled hapten peptide in mice with human tumor xenografts. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2010, 9:1019-1027.
113. Aarts F., Boerman O.C., Sharkey R.M., Hendriks T., Chang C.H., McBride W.J., Bleichrodt R.P., Oyen W.J., Goldenberg D.M. Pretargeted radioimmunoscintigraphy in patients with primary colorectal cancer using a bispecific anticarcinoembryonic antigen CEA X anti-di-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid F(ab')2 antibody. Cancer 2010, 116:1111-1117.
114. Kenanova V., Olafsen T., Crow D.M., Sundaresan G., Subbarayan M., Carter N.H., Ikle D.N., Yazaki P.J., Chatziioannou A.F., Gambhir S.S., Williams L.E., Shively J.E., Colcher D., Raubitschek A.A., Wu A.M. Tailoring the pharmacokinetics and positron emission tomography imaging properties of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen single-chain Fv-Fc antibody fragments. Cancer Res. 2005, 65:622-631.
115. 64Cu-labeled fibronectin domain with EGFR-overexpressing tumor xenograft: molecular imaging. Radiology 2012, 263:179-188.
116. 124I-labeled affibody molecule and trastuzumab in a murine xenograft model. J. Nucl. Med. 2009, 50:417-425.
117. Li L., Crow D., Turatti F., Bading J.R., Anderson A.L., Poku E., Yazaki P.J., Carmichael J., Leong D., Wheatcroft D., Raubitschek A.A., Hudson P.J., Colcher D., Shively J.E. Site-specific conjugation of monodispersed DOTA-PEGn to a thiolated diabody reveals the effect of increasing PEG size on kidney clearance and tumor uptake with improved 64-copper PET imaging. Bioconjug. Chem. 2011, 22:709-716.
118. Viti F., Tarli L., Giovannoni L., Zardi L., Neri D. Increased binding affinity and valence of recombinant antibody fragments lead to improved targeting of tumoral angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 1999, 59:347-352.
119. 64Cu-DOTA-conatumumab: a PET tracer for in vivo imaging of death receptor 5. J. Nucl. Med. 2011, 52:942-949.
120. Fehm T., Müller V., Alix-Panabières C., Pantel K. Micrometastatic spread in breast cancer: detection, molecular characterization and clinical relevance. Breast Cancer Res. 2008, 10:S1.
121. Yu J.Q., Cristofanilli M. Circulating tumor cells and PET. J. Nucl. Med. 2011, 52:1501-1504.