Azadirachta indica ethanolic extract protects neurons from apoptosis and mitigates brain swelling in experimental cerebral malaria

Malaria Journal

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Bedri, Selma ^a   Khalil, Eltahir A ^a   Khalid, Sami A ^b   Alzohairy, Mohammad A ^c   Mohieldein, Abdlmarouf ^c   Aldebasi, Yousef H ^c   Seke Etet, Paul Faustin ^c   Farahna, Mohammed ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM   (Sudan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM   (Sudan)

^c QASSIM UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Azadirachta indica extract; Brain oedema; Cerebral malaria; Neuroinflammation; Pyramidal neurons

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ARTEMETHER; AZADIRACHTA INDICA EXTRACT; CASPASE 3; CHLOROQUINE; FAS ANTIGEN; FAS LIGAND; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; AZADIRACHTA INDICA; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN MALARIA; CELL DENSITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; MALE; MOUSE; NERVE CELL NECROSIS; NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLAMMATION; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PARASITEMIA; PLASMODIUM BERGHEI INFECTION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PYRAMIDAL NERVE CELL;

ANIMALS; ANTIMALARIALS; APOPTOSIS; AZADIRACHTA; BRAIN; BRAIN EDEMA; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HISTOCYTOCHEMISTRY; INJECTIONS, INTRAPERITONEAL; MALARIA, CEREBRAL; MALARIA, FALCIPARUM; MALE; MICE; NEURONS; PLANT EXTRACTS; PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84883060488     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14752875     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-298     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Diagnosis and management of the neurological complications of falciparum malaria. Mishra SK, Newton CR, Nat Rev Neurol 2009 5 189 198 10.1038/nrneurol.2009.23 19347024
2. Cerebral malaria: mechanisms of brain injury and strategies for improved neurocognitive outcome. Idro R, Marsh K, John CC, Newton CR, Pediatr Res 2010 68 267 274 20606600
3. Burden, features, and outcome of neurological involvement in acute falciparum malaria in Kenyan children. Idro R, Ndiritu M, Ogutu B, Mithwani S, Maitland K, Berkley J, Crawley J, Fegan G, Bauni E, Peshu N, Marsh K, Neville B, Newton C, JAMA 2007 297 2232 2240 10.1001/jama.297.20.2232 17519413 (Pubitemid 47010881)
4. Impaired everyday memory associated with encephalopathy of severe malaria: the role of seizures and hippocampal damage. Kihara M, Carter JA, Holding PA, Vargha-Khadem F, Scott RC, Idro R, Fegan GW, de Haan M, Neville BG, Newton CR, Malar J 2009 8 273 10.1186/1475-2875-8-273 19951424
5. Acute seizures attributable to falciparum malaria in an endemic area on the Kenyan coast. Kariuki SM, Ikumi M, Ojal J, Sadarangani M, Idro R, Olotu A, Bejon P, Berkley JA, Marsh K, Newton CR, Brain 2011 134 1519 1528 10.1093/brain/awr051 21482551
6. Changing trends in incidence and aetiology of childhood acute non-traumatic coma over a period of changing malaria transmission in rural coastal Kenya: a retrospective analysis. Gwer S, Thuo N, Idro R, Ndiritu M, Boga M, Newton C, Kirkham F, BMJ Open 2012 2 000475 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000475 22466156
7. Recombinant human erythropoietin prevents the death of mice during cerebral malaria. Kaiser K, Texier A, Ferrandiz J, Buguet A, Meiller A, Latour C, Peyron F, Cespuglio R, Picot S, J Infect Dis 2006 193 987 995 10.1086/500844 16518761
8. Cerebral malaria: role of microparticles and platelets in alterations of the blood-brain barrier. Combes V, Coltel N, Faille D, Wassmer SC, Grau GE, Int J Parasitol 2006 36 541 546 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.005 16600245 (Pubitemid 44275316)
9. Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in cerebral malaria: the end of a cordial understanding. Faille D, El-Assaad F, Alessi MC, Fusai T, Combes V, Grau GE, Thromb Haemost 2009 102 1093 1102 19967139
10. Blood-brain barrier breakdown during cerebral malaria: suicide or murder? Pino P, Taoufiq Z, Nitcheu J, Vouldoukis I, Mazier D, Thromb Haemost 2005 94 336 340 16113823 (Pubitemid 41122488)
11. Harbouring in the brain: a focus on immune evasion mechanisms and their deleterious effects in malaria and human African trypanosomiasis. Bisser S, Toure FS, Taoufiq Z, Bouteille B, Buguet A, Mazier D, ON O-M-O-B, Int J Parasitol 2006 36 529 540 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.001 16600243 (Pubitemid 43674513)
12. Expression microarray analysis implicates apoptosis and interferon-responsive mechanisms in susceptibility to experimental cerebral malaria. Lovegrove FE, Gharib SA, Patel SN, Hawkes CA, Kain KC, Liles WC, Am J Pathol 2007 171 1894 1903 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070630 17991715
13. Apoptosis in experimental cerebral malaria: spatial profile of cleaved caspase-3 and ultrastructural alterations in different disease stages. Lackner P, Burger C, Pfaller K, Heussler V, Helbok R, Morandell M, Broessner G, Tannich E, Schmutzhard E, Beer R, Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2007 33 560 571 17442059 (Pubitemid 47390077)
14. Apoptosis: a potential triggering mechanism of neurological manifestation in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Toure FS, Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer O, Bisvigou U, Moussa O, Rogier C, Pino P, Mazier D, Bisser S, Parasite Immunol 2008 30 47 51 18086016 (Pubitemid 350264529)
15. Cerebellar ataxia after malaria. Teo JT, Swayne OB, Silber E, Neurology 2009 73 73 74 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181aae9e6 19564588
16. Anti-plasmodial effects of Azadirachta indica in experimental cerebral malaria: Apoptosis of cerebellar Purkinje cells of mice as a marker. Farahna M, Bedri S, Khalid S, Idris M, Pillai CR, Khalil EA, N Am J Med Sci 2010 2 518 525 22558559
17. Plasmodium falciparum malaria, bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy and delayed cerebellar ataxia. Duque V, Seixas D, Ventura C, Da CS, Melico-Silvestre A, J Infect Dev Ctries 2012 6 290 294 22421613
18. Perforin mediated apoptosis of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells during experimental cerebral malaria. Potter S, Chan-Ling T, Ball HJ, Mansour H, Mitchell A, Maluish L, Hunt NH, Int J Parasitol 2006 36 485 496 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.12.005 16500656 (Pubitemid 43728781)
19. A role for Fas-Fas ligand interactions during the late-stage neuropathological processes of experimental cerebral malaria. Potter SM, Chan-Ling T, Rosinova E, Ball HJ, Mitchell AJ, Hunt NH, J Neuroimmunol 2006 173 96 107 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.12.004 16414123
20. Neuronal apoptosis, metallothionein expression and proinflammatory responses during cerebral malaria in mice. Wiese L, Kurtzhals JA, Penkowa M, Exp Neurol 2006 200 216 226 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.02.011 16624296 (Pubitemid 44097022)
21. Apoptosis of the fibrocytes type 1 in the spiral ligament and blood labyrinth barrier disturbance cause hearing impairment in murine cerebral malaria. Schmutzhard J, Kositz CH, Glueckert R, Schmutzhard E, Schrott-Fischer A, Lackner P, Malar J 2012 11 30 10.1186/1475-2875-11-30 22297132
22. Clinical features and pathogenesis of severe malaria. Mackintosh CL, Beeson JG, Marsh K, Trends Parasitol 2004 20 597 603 10.1016/j.pt.2004.09.006 15522670 (Pubitemid 39446751)
23. Axonal and astrocyte injury markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of Kenyan children with severe malaria. Medana IM, Idro R, Newton CR, J Neurol Sci 2007 258 93 98 10.1016/j.jns.2007.03.005 17459417 (Pubitemid 46881162)
24. Poor quality vital anti-malarials in Africa-an urgent neglected public health priority. Newton PN, Green MD, Mildenhall DC, Plancon A, Nettey H, Nyadong L, Hostetler DM, Swamidoss I, Harris GA, Powell K, Timmermans AE, Amin AA, Opuni SK, Barbereau S, Faurant C, Soong RC, Faure K, Thevanayagam J, Fernandes P, Kaur H, Angus B, Stepniewska K, Guerin PJ, Fernandez FM, Malar J 2011 10 352 10.1186/1475-2875-10-352 22152094
25. A major genome region underlying artemisinin resistance in malaria. Cheeseman IH, Miller BA, Nair S, Nkhoma S, Tan A, Tan JC, Al SS, Phyo AP, Moo CL, Lwin KM, McGready R, Ashley E, Imwong M, Stepniewska K, Yi P, Dondorp AM, Mayxay M, Newton PN, White NJ, Nosten F, Ferdig MT, Anderson TJ, Science 2012 336 79 82 10.1126/science.1215966 22491853
26. Poor-quality antimalarial drugs in southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Nayyar GM, Breman JG, Newton PN, Herrington J, Lancet Infect Dis 2012 12 488 496 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70064-6 22632187
27. Has Azadirachta indica (Dogonyaro) any anti-malarial activity? Ekanem OJ, Niger Med J 1978 8 8 11
28. Antiplasmodial activity of selected Sudanese medicinal plants with emphasis on Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell. El Tahir A, Satti GM, Khalid SA, J Ethnopharmacol 1999 64 227 233 10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00129-9 10363837 (Pubitemid 29170207)
29. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)-A nature's drugstore: an overview. Hashmat I, Azad H, Ahmed A, Int Res J Biol Sci 2012 1 76 79
30. Ethnobotanical survey for potential anti-malarial plants in south-western Nigeria. Dike IP, Obembe OO, Adebiyi FE, J Ethnopharmacol 2012 144 618 626 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.002 23085021
31. Medicinal plants potential and use by pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Erer Valley of Babile Wereda, Eastern Ethiopia. Belayneh A, Asfaw Z, Demissew S, Bussa NF, J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2012 8 42 10.1186/1746-4269-8-42 23082858
32. The antimalarial activity of Azadirachta indica. Obaseki O, Fadunsin J, Fitoterapia 1986 57 247 251 (Pubitemid 17192521)
33. Isolation and characterization of an antimalarial agent of the neem tree Azadirachta indica. Khalid SA, Duddeck H, Gonzalez-Sierra M, J Nat Prod 1989 52 922 926 10.1021/np50065a002 2607354
34. Evaluation of the antimalarial properties and standardization of tablets of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) in mice. Isah AB, Ibrahim YK, Iwalewa EO, Phytother Res 2003 17 807 810 10.1002/ptr.1231 12916083 (Pubitemid 37012268)
35. An antimalarial neem leaf extract has both schizonticidal and gametocytocidal activities. Udeinya JI, Shu EN, Quakyi I, Ajayi FO, Am J Ther 2008 15 108 110 10.1097/MJT.0b013e31804c6d1d 18356629 (Pubitemid 351450774)
36. Transmission blocking activity of a standardized neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract on the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in its vector Anopheles stephensi. Lucantoni L, Yerbanga RS, Lupidi G, Pasqualini L, Esposito F, Habluetzel A, Malar J 2010 9 66 10.1186/1475-2875-9-66 20196858
37. Improving cognitive outcome in cerebral malaria: insights from clinical and experimental research. de Miranda AS, Brant F, Machado FS, Rachid MA, Teixeira AL, Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2011 11 285 295 10.2174/ 1871524911106040285 22300229
38. Size of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia. Highley JR, Walker MA, McDonald B, Crow TJ, Esiri MM, Br J Psychiatry 2003 183 414 417 10.1192/bjp.183.5.414 14594916 (Pubitemid 37357573)
39. Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in ICR mice as a model of cerebral malaria. Basir R, Rahiman SF, Hasballah K, Chong W, Talib H, Yam M, Jabbarzare M, Tie T, Othman F, Moklas M, Abdullah W, Ahmad Z, Iran J Parasitol 2012 7 62 74 23323093
40. Evaluation of the hematoma consequences, neurobehavioral profiles, and histopathology in a rat model of pontine hemorrhage. Lekic T, Rolland W, Manaenko A, Krafft PR, Kamper JE, Suzuki H, Hartman RE, Tang J, Zhang JH, J Neurosurg 2013 118 465 477 10.3171/2012.10.JNS111836 23198805
41. When can 'non significantly different' treatments be considered as 'equivalent'? Spriet A, Beiler D, Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979 7 623 624 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04653.x 465284
42. Immunopathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Hunt NH, Golenser J, Chan-Ling T, Parekh S, Rae C, Potter S, Medana IM, Miu J, Ball HJ, Int J Parasitol 2006 36 569 582 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.016 16678181 (Pubitemid 43674512)
43. TNF-alpha contributes to caspase-3 independent apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells: role of NFAT. Alvarez S, Blanco A, Fresno M, Munoz-Fernandez MA, PLoS One 2011 6 16100 10.1371/journal.pone.0016100 21298033
44. Apoptosis induced by parasitic diseases. Bienvenu AL, Gonzalez-Rey E, Picot S, Parasit Vectors 2010 3 106 10.1186/1756-3305-3-106 21083888
45. Neuroprotective effect of Azadirachta indica on cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion and hypoperfusion in rats. Yanpallewar S, Rai S, Kumar M, Chauhan S, Acharya SB, Life Sci 2005 76 1325 1338 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.06.029 15670613
46. Azadirachta indica mitigates behavioral impairments, oxidative damage, histological alterations and apoptosis in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model of rats. Vaibhav K, Shrivastava P, Khan A, Javed H, Tabassum R, Ahmed ME, Khan MB, Moshahid KM, Islam F, Ahmad S, Siddiqui MS, Safhi MM, Islam F, Neurol Sci 2013 34 8 1321 1330 10.1007/s10072-012-1238-z 23187787
47. Current trends in malarial chemotherapy. Ibezim EC, Odo U, Afr J Biotechnol 2008 7 349 356 (Pubitemid 351354576)
48. Potential antimalarial candidates from African plants: and in vitro approach using Plasmodium falciparum. Khalid SA, Farouk A, Geary TG, Jensen JB, JEthnopharmacol 1986 15 201 209 10.1016/0378-8741(86)90156-X (Pubitemid 16129224)