메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 317-347

The role of rehearsal on the output order of immediate free recall of short and long lists

Author keywords

Free recall; List length; Output order; Rehearsal; Short term memory

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); LEARNING; LINGUISTICS; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; PROBABILITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECALL; SHORT TERM MEMORY; TIME;

EID: 84883011498     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0028974     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (99)
  • 2
    • 0015106727 scopus 로고
    • The control of short-term memory
    • doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0871-82
    • Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1971). The control of short-term memory. Scientific American, 225, 82-90. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0871-82
    • (1971) Scientific American , vol.225 , pp. 82-90
    • Atkinson, R.C.1    Shiffrin, R.M.2
  • 3
    • 0347669551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial report and item recognition of novel visual patterns
    • doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02685.x
    • Avons, S. E. (1998). Serial report and item recognition of novel visual patterns. British Journal of Psychology, 89, 285-308. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02685.x
    • (1998) British Journal of Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 285-308
    • Avons, S.E.1
  • 5
    • 0004030013 scopus 로고
    • Working memory
    • Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
    • Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
    • (1986)
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 6
    • 0034333066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory?
    • doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2
    • Baddeley, A. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 417-423. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2
    • (2000) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.4 , pp. 417-423
    • Baddeley, A.1
  • 7
    • 84921794750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory, thought, and action
    • doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528012.001.0001
    • Baddeley, A. (2007). Working memory, thought, and action. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528012.001.0001
    • (2007)
    • Baddeley, A.1
  • 9
    • 0002290178 scopus 로고
    • Recency re-examined. In S. Dornic (Ed.)
    • In S. Dornic (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1977). Recency re-examined. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance VI (pp. 647-667). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1977) Attention and performance VI , pp. 647-667
    • Baddeley, A.D.1    Hitch, G.J.2
  • 13
    • 0034672888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The separate but related origins of the recency and the modality effect in free recall
    • doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00107-4
    • Beaman, C. P., & Morton, J. (2000). The separate but related origins of the recency and the modality effect in free recall. Cognition, 77, B59-B65. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00107-4
    • (2000) Cognition , vol.77
    • Beaman, C.P.1    Morton, J.2
  • 14
    • 67650501851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: Similar patterns of rehearsal and similar effects of word length, presentation rate, and articulatory suppression
    • doi:10.3758/MC.37.5.689
    • Bhatarah, P., Ward, G., Smith, J., & Hayes, L. (2009). Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: Similar patterns of rehearsal and similar effects of word length, presentation rate, and articulatory suppression. Memory & Cognition, 37, 689-713. doi:10.3758/MC.37.5.689
    • (2009) Memory & Cognition , vol.37 , pp. 689-713
    • Bhatarah, P.1    Ward, G.2    Smith, J.3    Hayes, L.4
  • 15
    • 33645729697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the relationship between immediate serial recall and free recall: The effect of concurrent task performance
    • doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.2.215
    • Bhatarah, P., Ward, G., & Tan, L. (2006). Examining the relationship between immediate serial recall and free recall: The effect of concurrent task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 215-229. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.2.215
    • (2006) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.32 , pp. 215-229
    • Bhatarah, P.1    Ward, G.2    Tan, L.3
  • 16
    • 41649114369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The serial nature of recall and the effect of test expectancy
    • doi:10.3758/MC.36.1.20
    • Bhatarah, P., Ward, G., & Tan, L. (2008). Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The serial nature of recall and the effect of test expectancy. Memory & Cognition, 36, 20-34. doi:10.3758/MC.36.1.20
    • (2008) Memory & Cognition , vol.36 , pp. 20-34
    • Bhatarah, P.1    Ward, G.2    Tan, L.3
  • 17
    • 33845364746 scopus 로고
    • Recency-sensitive retrieval processes in long-term free recall
    • doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90009-7
    • Bjork, R. A., & Whitten, W. B. (1974). Recency-sensitive retrieval processes in long-term free recall. Cognitive Psychology, 6, 173-189. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90009-7
    • (1974) Cognitive Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 173-189
    • Bjork, R.A.1    Whitten, W.B.2
  • 18
    • 33744552729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory for serial order: A recurrent neural network model
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.113.2.201
    • Botvinick, M. M., & Plaut, D. C. (2006). Short-term memory for serial order: A recurrent neural network model. Psychological Review, 113, 201-233. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.113.2.201
    • (2006) Psychological Review , vol.113 , pp. 201-233
    • Botvinick, M.M.1    Plaut, D.C.2
  • 19
    • 34248913170 scopus 로고
    • Effect of presentation time on nominal and functional serial-position curves of free recall
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80046-7
    • Brodie, D. A., & Murdock, B. B. (1977). Effect of presentation time on nominal and functional serial-position curves of free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 185-200. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80046-7
    • (1977) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.16 , pp. 185-200
    • Brodie, D.A.1    Murdock, B.B.2
  • 20
    • 51449106360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial and free recall: Common effects and common mechanisms?
    • doi:10.1037/a0012563
    • Brown, G. D. A., Chater, N., & Neath, I. (2008). Serial and free recall: Common effects and common mechanisms? A reply to Murdock (2008). Psychological Review, 115, 781-785. doi:10.1037/a0012563
    • (2008) Psychological Review , vol.115 , pp. 781-785
    • Brown, G.D.A.1    Chater, N.2    Neath, I.3
  • 21
    • 34547551434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amnesia, rehearsal, and temporal distinctiveness models of recal
    • doi:10.3758/BF03194061
    • Brown, G. D. A., Della Salla, S., Foster, J. K., & Vousden, J. I. (2007). Amnesia, rehearsal, and temporal distinctiveness models of recall. Psy-chonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 256-260. doi:10.3758/BF03194061
    • (2007) Psy-chonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.14 , pp. 256-260
    • Brown, G.D.A.1    Della Salla, S.2    Foster, J.K.3    Vousden, J.I.4
  • 22
    • 34548630989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A temporal ratio model of memory
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.539
    • Brown, G. D. A., Neath, I., & Chater, N. (2007). A temporal ratio model of memory. Psychological Review, 114, 539-576. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.539
    • (2007) Psychological Review , vol.114 , pp. 539-576
    • Brown, G.D.A.1    Neath, I.2    Chater, N.3
  • 23
    • 0033628695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oscillator-based memory for serial order
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.107.1.127
    • Brown, G. D. A., Preece, T., & Hulme, C. (2000). Oscillator-based memory for serial order. Psychological Review, 107, 127-181. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.107.1.127
    • (2000) Psychological Review , vol.107 , pp. 127-181
    • Brown, G.D.A.1    Preece, T.2    Hulme, C.3
  • 25
    • 0000447751 scopus 로고
    • Toward a network model of the articu-latory loop.
    • doi:10.1016/0749-596X(92)90022-P
    • Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. (1992). Toward a network model of the articu-latory loop. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 429-460. doi: 10.1016/0749-596X(92)90022-P
    • (1992) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.31 , pp. 429-460
    • Burgess, N.1    Hitch, G.2
  • 26
    • 0013167953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory for serial order: A network model of the phonological loop and its timing
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.106.3.551
    • Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. (1999). Memory for serial order: A network model of the phonological loop and its timing. Psychological Review, 106, 551-581. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.106.3.551
    • (1999) Psychological Review , vol.106 , pp. 551-581
    • Burgess, N.1    Hitch, G.2
  • 27
    • 33750079279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A revised model of short-term memory and long-term learning of verbal sequences
    • doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.005
    • Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. J. (2006). A revised model of short-term memory and long-term learning of verbal sequences. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 627-652. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.005
    • (2006) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.55 , pp. 627-652
    • Burgess, N.1    Hitch, G.J.2
  • 29
    • 0014089603 scopus 로고
    • Serial order in recognition and recall
    • doi:10.1037/h0024500
    • Corballis, M. C. (1967). Serial order in recognition and recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 99-105. doi:10.1037/h0024500
    • (1967) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 99-105
    • Corballis, M.C.1
  • 30
    • 0346447952 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral strategies in immediate memory
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80098-8
    • Crowder, R. G. (1969). Behavioral strategies in immediate memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 524-528. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80098-8
    • (1969) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.8 , pp. 524-528
    • Crowder, R.G.1
  • 31
    • 0027467811 scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory: Where do we stand?
    • doi:10.3758/BF03202725
    • Crowder, R. G. (1993). Short-term memory: Where do we stand? Memory & Cognition, 21, 142-145. doi:10.3758/BF03202725
    • (1993) Memory & Cognition , vol.21 , pp. 142-145
    • Crowder, R.G.1
  • 32
    • 12344322521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The demise of short-term memory revisited: Empirical and computational investigations of recency effects
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.112.1.3
    • Davelaar, E. J., Goshen-Gottstein, Y., Ashkenazi, A., Haarmann, H. J., & Usher, M. (2005). The demise of short-term memory revisited: Empirical and computational investigations of recency effects. Psychological Review, 112, 3-42. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.112.1.3
    • (2005) Psychological Review , vol.112 , pp. 3-42
    • Davelaar, E.J.1    Goshen-Gottstein, Y.2    Ashkenazi, A.3    Haarmann, H.J.4    Usher, M.5
  • 33
    • 77649230894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating conditional recency in immediate and delayed free recall: A challenge for unitary models of recency
    • doi:10.1037/a0018042
    • Farrell, S. (2010). Dissociating conditional recency in immediate and delayed free recall: A challenge for unitary models of recency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 324-347. doi:10.1037/a0018042
    • (2010) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.36 , pp. 324-347
    • Farrell, S.1
  • 34
    • 84862258285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal clustering and sequencing in short-term memory and episodic memory
    • doi: 10.1037/a0027371
    • Farrell, S. (2012). Temporal clustering and sequencing in short-term memory and episodic memory. Psychological Review, 119, 223-271. doi: 10.1037/a0027371
    • (2012) Psychological Review , vol.119 , pp. 223-271
    • Farrell, S.1
  • 35
    • 0036516809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An endogenous distributed model of ordering in serial recall
    • doi:10.3758/BF03196257
    • Farrell, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2002). An endogenous distributed model of ordering in serial recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 59-79. doi:10.3758/BF03196257
    • (2002) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.9 , pp. 59-79
    • Farrell, S.1    Lewandowsky, S.2
  • 36
    • 0142053498 scopus 로고
    • Effects of overt rehearsal procedures on free recall
    • Fischler, I., Rundus, D., & Atkinson, R. C. (1970). Effects of overt rehearsal procedures on free recall. Psychonomic Science, 19, 249-250.
    • (1970) Psychonomic Science , vol.19 , pp. 249-250
    • Fischler, I.1    Rundus, D.2    Atkinson, R.C.3
  • 38
    • 34248927865 scopus 로고
    • The Toronto Word Pool: Norms for imagery, concreteness, orthographic variables, and grammatical usage for 1,080 words
    • doi:10.3758/BF03203275
    • Friendly, M., Franklin, P. E., Hoffman, D., & Rubin, D. C. (1982). The Toronto Word Pool: Norms for imagery, concreteness, orthographic variables, and grammatical usage for 1,080 words. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 14, 375-399. doi:10.3758/BF03203275
    • (1982) Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation , vol.14 , pp. 375-399
    • Friendly, M.1    Franklin, P.E.2    Hoffman, D.3    Rubin, D.C.4
  • 39
    • 0026697088 scopus 로고
    • Primacy, recency, and the variability of data in studies of animals'; working memory
    • doi:10.3758/BF03213378
    • Gaffan, E. A. (1992). Primacy, recency, and the variability of data in studies of animals'; working memory. Animal Learning & Behavior, 20, 240-252. doi:10.3758/BF03213378
    • (1992) Animal Learning & Behavior , vol.20 , pp. 240-252
    • Gaffan, E.A.1
  • 40
    • 0028285197 scopus 로고
    • Primacy in animals' working memory: Artifacts
    • doi:10.3758/BF03199925
    • Gaffan, E. A. (1994). Primacy in animals' working memory: Artifacts. Animal Learning & Behavior, 22, 231-232. doi:10.3758/BF03199925
    • (1994) Animal Learning & Behavior , vol.22 , pp. 231-232
    • Gaffan, E.A.1
  • 42
    • 0000413392 scopus 로고
    • Two storage mechanisms in free recall
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80044-0
    • Glanzer, M., & Cunitz, A. R. (1966). Two storage mechanisms in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5, 351-360. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80044-0
    • (1966) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.5 , pp. 351-360
    • Glanzer, M.1    Cunitz, A.R.2
  • 43
    • 0346217177 scopus 로고
    • The effects of intralist activity on free recall
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(67)80161-0
    • Glanzer, M., & Meinzer, A. (1967). The effects of intralist activity on free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6, 928-935. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(67)80161-0
    • (1967) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.6 , pp. 928-935
    • Glanzer, M.1    Meinzer, A.2
  • 46
    • 46449122891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of adult aging on utilization of temporal and semantic associations during free and serial recall
    • doi:10.3758/MC.36.5.947
    • Golomb, J. D., Peelle, J. E., Addis, K. M., Kahana, M. J., & Wingfield, A. (2008). Effects of adult aging on utilization of temporal and semantic associations during free and serial recall. Memory & Cognition, 36, 947-956. doi:10.3758/MC.36.5.947
    • (2008) Memory & Cognition , vol.36 , pp. 947-956
    • Golomb, J.D.1    Peelle, J.E.2    Addis, K.M.3    Kahana, M.J.4    Wingfield, A.5
  • 47
    • 84862258532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The role of list length, strategy use, and test expectancy
    • doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.04.004
    • Grenfell-Essam, R., & Ward, G. (2012). Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The role of list length, strategy use, and test expectancy. Journal of Memory and Language. Advance online publication. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.04.004
    • (2012) Journal of Memory and Language.
    • Grenfell-Essam, R.1    Ward, G.2
  • 48
    • 51449116172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laminar cortical dynamics of cognitive and motor working memory, sequence learning and performance: Toward a unified theory of how the cerebral cortex works
    • doi:10.1037/a0012618
    • Grossberg, S., & Pearson, L. R. (2008). Laminar cortical dynamics of cognitive and motor working memory, sequence learning and performance: Toward a unified theory of how the cerebral cortex works. Psychological Review, 115, 677-732. doi:10.1037/a0012618
    • (2008) Psychological Review , vol.115 , pp. 677-732
    • Grossberg, S.1    Pearson, L.R.2
  • 49
    • 0032113194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory for serial order: The start-end model of serial recall
    • doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0685
    • Henson, R. N. A. (1998). Short-term memory for serial order: The start-end model of serial recall. Cognitive Psychology, 36, 73-137. doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0685
    • (1998) Cognitive Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 73-137
    • Henson, R.N.A.1
  • 50
    • 33044484581 scopus 로고
    • The basis of the primacy effect: Some experiments with running memory
    • doi:10.1080/00335557743000026
    • Hockey, R., & Hamilton, P. (1977). The basis of the primacy effect: Some experiments with running memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29, 49-63. doi:10.1080/00335557743000026
    • (1977) The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 49-63
    • Hockey, R.1    Hamilton, P.2
  • 51
    • 0016656638 scopus 로고
    • Interitem encoding and directed search in free recall
    • doi:10.3758/BF03212898
    • Hogan, R. M. (1975). Interitem encoding and directed search in free recall. Memory & Cognition, 3, 197-209. doi:10.3758/BF03212898
    • (1975) Memory & Cognition , vol.3 , pp. 197-209
    • Hogan, R.M.1
  • 52
    • 1642583065 scopus 로고
    • Phonemic similarity, overt rehearsal, and short-term store
    • doi:10.1037/0278-7393.2.3.244
    • Horton, K. D. (1976). Phonemic similarity, overt rehearsal, and short-term store. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 2, 244-251. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.2.3.244
    • (1976) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory , vol.2 , pp. 244-251
    • Horton, K.D.1
  • 54
    • 0036315496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A distributed representation of temporal context
    • doi:10.1006/jmps.2001.1388
    • Howard, M. W., & Kahana, M. J. (2002). A distributed representation of temporal context. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 46, 269-299. doi:10.1006/jmps.2001.1388
    • (2002) Journal of Mathematical Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 269-299
    • Howard, M.W.1    Kahana, M.J.2
  • 56
    • 0030043686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative retrieval processes in free recall
    • doi:10.3758/BF03197276
    • Kahana, M. J. (1996). Associative retrieval processes in free recall. Memory & Cognition, 24, 103-109. doi:10.3758/BF03197276
    • (1996) Memory & Cognition , vol.24 , pp. 103-109
    • Kahana, M.J.1
  • 57
    • 28944438736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative analysis of serial and free recall
    • doi:10.3758/BF03193078
    • Klein, K. A., Addis, K. M., & Kahana, M. J. (2005). A comparative analysis of serial and free recall. Memory & Cognition, 33, 833-839. doi:10.3758/BF03193078
    • (2005) Memory & Cognition , vol.33 , pp. 833-839
    • Klein, K.A.1    Addis, K.M.2    Kahana, M.J.3
  • 58
    • 0033262108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the idea of distinct storage mechanisms in memory
    • doi: 10.1080/002075999399774
    • Laming, D. (1999). Testing the idea of distinct storage mechanisms in memory. International Journal of Psychology, 34, 419-426. doi: 10.1080/002075999399774
    • (1999) International Journal of Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 419-426
    • Laming, D.1
  • 60
    • 52749085598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved algorithm for predicting free recalls
    • doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.01.001
    • Laming, D. (2008). An improved algorithm for predicting free recalls. CognitivePsychology, 57, 179-219. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.01.001
    • (2008) CognitivePsychology , vol.57 , pp. 179-219
    • Laming, D.1
  • 61
    • 60749100994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to recall
    • doi:10.1037/a0014150
    • Laming, D. (2009). Failure to recall. Psychological Review, 116, 157-186 doi:10.1037/a0014150
    • (2009) Psychological Review , vol.116 , pp. 157-186
    • Laming, D.1
  • 62
    • 74049150530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial position curves in free recall
    • doi:10.1037/a0017839
    • Laming, D. (2010). Serial position curves in free recall. PsychologicalReview, 117, 93-133. doi:10.1037/a0017839
    • (2010) Psychological , vol.117 , pp. 93-133
    • Laming, D.1
  • 63
    • 43049157715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory: New data and a model
    • doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(08)00001-7
    • Lewandowsky, S., & Farrell, S. (2008). Short-term memory: New data and a model. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 49, 1-48. doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(08)00001-7
    • (2008) The Psychology of Learning and Motivation , vol.49 , pp. 1-48
    • Lewandowsky, S.1    Farrell, S.2
  • 64
    • 38649113611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When temporal isolation benefits memory for serial order
    • doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.11.003
    • Lewandowsky, S., Nimmo, L. M., & Brown, G. D. A. (2008). When temporal isolation benefits memory for serial order. Journal of Memoryand Language, 58, 415-428. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.11.003
    • (2008) Journal of Memory , vol.58 , pp. 415-428
    • Lewandowsky, S.1    Nimmo, L.M.2    Brown, G.D.A.3
  • 65
    • 0000775344 scopus 로고
    • The effects of the elimination of rehearsal on primacy and recency
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80049-5
    • Marshall, P. H., & Werder, P. R. (1972). The effects of the elimination of rehearsal on primacy and recency. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 649-653. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80049-5
    • (1972) Journal of Verbal Learning and , vol.11 , pp. 649-653
    • Marshall, P.H.1    Werder, P.R.2
  • 66
    • 0344186623 scopus 로고
    • An encoding and retrieval model of single-trial free recall
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(81)90365-0
    • Metcalfe, J., & Murdock, B. B. (1981). An encoding and retrieval model of single-trial free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 161-189. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(81)90365-0
    • (1981) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.20 , pp. 161-189
    • Metcalfe, J.1    Murdock, B.B.2
  • 67
    • 58149430734 scopus 로고
    • The serial position effect of free recall
    • doi:10.1037/h0045106
    • Murdock, B. B., Jr. (1962). The serial position effect of free recall. Journalof Experimental Psychology, 64, 482-488. doi:10.1037/h0045106
    • (1962) Journalof Experimental Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 482-488
    • Murdock Jr., B.B.1
  • 68
    • 0038880047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the serial position curve. In H. L. Roediger III, J. S. Nairne, I. Neath, & A. M. Surprenant (Eds.)
    • doi:10.1037/10394-008
    • Murdock, B. B., Jr. (2001). Analysis of the serial position curve. In H. L. Roediger III, J. S. Nairne, I. Neath, & A. M. Surprenant (Eds.), Thenature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder (pp.151-169). doi:10.1037/10394-008
    • (2001) Thenature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder , pp. 151-169
    • Murdock Jr., B.B.1
  • 69
    • 51449088480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues with the SIMPLE model: Comment on Brown
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.3.779
    • Murdock, B. (2008). Issues with the SIMPLE model: Comment on Brown, Neath, and Chater (2007). Psychological Review, 115, 779-780. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.3.779
    • (2008) Psychological Review , vol.115 , pp. 779-780
    • Murdock, B.1
  • 70
    • 0009786088 scopus 로고
    • Controlled rehearsal in single-trial free recall
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(78)90201-3
    • Murdock, B. B., & Metcalfe, J. (1978). Controlled rehearsal in single-trial free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17, 309-324. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(78)90201-3
    • (1978) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.17 , pp. 309-324
    • Murdock, B.B.1    Metcalfe, J.2
  • 71
    • 58149414507 scopus 로고
    • Articulation and acoustic confusability in short-term memory
    • doi:10.1037/h0026641
    • Murray, D. J. (1968). Articulation and acoustic confusability in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 78, 679-684. doi:10.1037/h0026641
    • (1968) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 679-684
    • Murray, D.J.1
  • 72
    • 0025283146 scopus 로고
    • A feature model of immediate memory
    • doi:10.3758/BF03213879
    • Nairne, J. S. (1990). A feature model of immediate memory. Memory & Cognition, 18, 251-269. doi:10.3758/BF03213879
    • (1990) Memory & Cognition , vol.18 , pp. 251-269
    • Nairne, J.S.1
  • 73
    • 34247565470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mnemonic effects of recall on immediate retention
    • doi:10.3758/BF03195954
    • Nairne, J. S., Ceo, D. A., & Reysen, M. B. (2007). The mnemonic effects of recall on immediate retention. Memory & Cognition, 35, 191-199. doi:10.3758/BF03195954
    • (2007) Memory & Cognition , vol.35 , pp. 191-199
    • Nairne, J.S.1    Ceo, D.A.2    Reysen, M.B.3
  • 74
    • 0031210785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positional distinc-tiveness and the ratio rule in free recall
    • doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2513
    • Nairne, J. S., Neath, I., Serra, M., & Byun, E. (1997). Positional distinc-tiveness and the ratio rule in free recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 155-166. doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2513
    • (1997) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.37 , pp. 155-166
    • Nairne, J.S.1    Neath, I.2    Serra, M.3    Byun, E.4
  • 75
    • 0027282338 scopus 로고
    • Distinctiveness and serial position effects in recognition
    • doi:10.3758/BF03197199
    • Neath, I. (1993). Distinctiveness and serial position effects in recognition. Memory & Cognition, 21, 689-698. doi:10.3758/BF03197199
    • (1993) Memory & Cognition , vol.21 , pp. 689-698
    • Neath, I.1
  • 76
    • 0030144036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinctiveness and very short-term serial position effects
    • doi:10.1080/
    • Neath, I., & Crowder, R. G. (1996). Distinctiveness and very short-term serial position effects. Memory, 4, 225-242. doi:10.1080/09658211.1996.9753032
    • (1996) Memory , vol.4 , pp. 225-242
    • Neath, I.1    Crowder, R.G.2
  • 77
    • 51449123698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forgetting in immediate serial recall: Decay, temporal distinctiveness, or interference?
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.3.544
    • Oberauer, K., & Lewandowsky, S. (2008). Forgetting in immediate serial recall: Decay, temporal distinctiveness, or interference? Psychological Review, 115, 544-576. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.3.544
    • (2008) Psychological Review , vol.115 , pp. 544-576
    • Oberauer, K.1    Lewandowsky, S.2
  • 78
    • 0032192915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The primacy model: A new model of immediate serial recall
    • doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.105.4.761-781
    • Page, M. P. A., & Norris, D. (1998). The primacy model: A new model of immediate serial recall. Psychological Review, 105, 761-781. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.105.4.761-781
    • (1998) Psychological Review , vol.105 , pp. 761-781
    • Page, M.P.A.1    Norris, D.2
  • 80
    • 58149454829 scopus 로고
    • Short-term retention of individual items
    • doi:10.1037/a0014420
    • Peterson, L. R., & Peterson, M. J. (1959). Short-term retention of individual items. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 193-198. Polyn, S. M., Norman, K. A., & Kahana, M. J. (2009). A context mainte- nance and retrieval model of organizational processes in free recall. Psychological Review, 116, 129-156. doi:10.1037/a0014420
    • (1959) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 193-198
    • Peterson, L.R.1    Peterson, M.J.2
  • 81
    • 0043174005 scopus 로고
    • The story of the two-store model of memory: Past criticisms, current status, and future directions
    • In D. E. Meyer & S. Kornblum (Eds.), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Raaijmakers, J. G. W. (1993). The story of the two-store model of memory: Past criticisms, current status, and future directions. In D. E. Meyer & S. Kornblum (Eds.), Attention and performance XIV (pp. 467-480). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1993) Attention and performance XIV , pp. 467-480
    • Raaijmakers, J.G.W.1
  • 82
    • 0040096917 scopus 로고
    • Search of associative memory
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.88.2.93
    • Raaijmakers, J. G. W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1981). Search of associative memory. Psychological Review, 88, 93-134. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.88.2.93
    • (1981) Psychological Review , vol.88 , pp. 93-134
    • Raaijmakers, J.G.W.1    Shiffrin, R.M.2
  • 83
    • 0001290909 scopus 로고
    • Free recall of word lists varying in length and rate of presentation: A test of total-time hypotheses
    • doi:10.1037/h0032278
    • Roberts, W. A. (1972). Free recall of word lists varying in length and rate of presentation: A test of total-time hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 92, 365-372. doi:10.1037/h0032278
    • (1972) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 365-372
    • Roberts, W.A.1
  • 84
    • 0016255433 scopus 로고
    • Role of rehearsal in long-term retention
    • doi:10.1037/h0036843
    • Roenker, D. L. (1974). Role of rehearsal in long-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 368-371. doi:10.1037/h0036843
    • (1974) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.103 , pp. 368-371
    • Roenker, D.L.1
  • 85
    • 33751577351 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of rehearsal processes in free recall
    • doi:10.1037/h0031185
    • Rundus, D. (1971). Analysis of rehearsal processes in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 89, 63-77. doi:10.1037/h0031185
    • (1971) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 63-77
    • Rundus, D.1
  • 86
    • 0002711582 scopus 로고
    • Rehearsal processes in free recall: A procedure for direct observation
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(70)80015-9
    • Rundus, D., & Atkinson, R. C. (1970). Rehearsal processes in free recall: A procedure for direct observation. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9, 99-105. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(70)80015-9
    • (1970) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.9 , pp. 99-105
    • Rundus, D.1    Atkinson, R.C.2
  • 87
    • 56149116457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A context-based theory of recency and contiguity in free recall
    • doi:10.1037/a0013396
    • Sederberg, P. B., Howard, M. W., & Kahana, M. J. (2008). A context-based theory of recency and contiguity in free recall. Psychological Review, 115, 893-912. doi:10.1037/a0013396
    • (2008) Psychological Review , vol.115 , pp. 893-912
    • Sederberg, P.B.1    Howard, M.W.2    Kahana, M.J.3
  • 88
    • 0034331799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recency-based account of primacy effects in free recall
    • doi:10.1037/0278-7393.26.6.1589
    • Tan, L., & Ward, G. (2000). A recency-based account of primacy effects in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 1589-1625. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.26.6.1589
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.26 , pp. 1589-1625
    • Tan, L.1    Ward, G.2
  • 89
    • 34548651697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Output order in immediate serial recall
    • doi:10.3758/BF03193481
    • Tan, L., & Ward, G. (2007). Output order in immediate serial recall. Memory & Cognition, 35, 1093-1106. doi:10.3758/BF03193481
    • (2007) Memory & Cognition , vol.35 , pp. 1093-1106
    • Tan, L.1    Ward, G.2
  • 90
    • 50949083429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehearsal in immediate serial recall
    • doi:10.3758/PBR.15.3.535
    • Tan, L., & Ward, G. (2008). Rehearsal in immediate serial recall. Psycho-nomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 535-542. doi:10.3758/PBR.15.3.535
    • (2008) Psycho-nomic Bulletin & Review , vol.15 , pp. 535-542
    • Tan, L.1    Ward, G.2
  • 91
    • 33846313973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: Active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.1.104
    • Unsworth, N., & Engle, R. W. (2007). The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: Active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory. Psychological Review, 114, 104-132. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.1.104
    • (2007) Psychological Review , vol.114 , pp. 104-132
    • Unsworth, N.1    Engle, R.W.2
  • 92
    • 0011258054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critique of the working memory model
    • In J. Andrade (Ed.), Hove, England: Psychology Press
    • Ward, G. (2001). A critique of the working memory model. In J. Andrade (Ed.), Working memory in perspective (219-239). Hove, England: Psychology Press.
    • (2001) Working memory in perspective , pp. 219-239
    • Ward, G.1
  • 93
    • 0036755205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recency-based account of the list length effect in free recall
    • doi:10.3758/BF03195774
    • Ward, G. (2002). A recency-based account of the list length effect in free recall. Memory & Cognition, 30, 885-892. doi:10.3758/BF03195774
    • (2002) Memory & Cognition , vol.30 , pp. 885-892
    • Ward, G.1
  • 94
    • 19044389751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial position curves in short-term memory: Functional equivalence across modalities
    • doi:10.1080/09658210344000279
    • Ward, G., Avons, S. E., & Melling, L. (2003). Serial position curves in short-term memory: Functional equivalence across modalities. Memory, 13, 308-317. doi:10.1080/09658210344000279
    • (2003) Memory , vol.13 , pp. 308-317
    • Ward, G.1    Avons, S.E.2    Melling, L.3
  • 95
    • 7544245277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the length of to-be-remembered lists and intervening lists on free recall: A re-examination using overt rehearsal
    • doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.6.1196
    • Ward, G., & Tan, L. (2004). The effect of the length of to-be-remembered lists and intervening lists on free recall: A re-examination using overt rehearsal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 1196-1210. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.6.1196
    • (2004) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.30 , pp. 1196-1210
    • Ward, G.1    Tan, L.2
  • 96
    • 77956532738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The effects of list length and output order
    • doi:10.1037/a0020122
    • Ward, G., Tan, L., & Grenfell-Essam, R. (2010). Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The effects of list length and output order. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 1207-1241. doi:10.1037/a0020122
    • (2010) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.36 , pp. 1207-1241
    • Ward, G.1    Tan, L.2    Grenfell-Essam, R.3
  • 99
    • 0028358054 scopus 로고
    • Primacy effects in animal memory and human nonverbal memory
    • doi: 10.3758/BF03199923
    • Wright, A. A. (1994). Primacy effects in animal memory and human nonverbal memory. Animal Learning & Behavior, 22, 219-223. doi: 10.3758/BF03199923
    • (1994) Animal Learning & Behavior , vol.22 , pp. 219-223
    • Wright, A.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.