Risk Factors, Consequences, and Management of Aggression in Healthcare Environments

Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research and Practice, Volume 1

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 329-353

  Brooks, Benjamin ^a   Staniford, Alice ^b   Dollard, Maureen ^c   Wiseman, Richard J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^b PKF Organisation Development   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

"aggression" and "violence" used interchangeably; Aggressive incidents modeling and managing; Healthcare workers, likelihood of being assaulted at work more than prison and police officers; International scientific and policy literature workplace aggression and aggression management in healthcare sector; Occupational roles within healthcare more at risk of exposure to violence than others; Psychological injury mental disorders, stress and PTSD, injuries by aggressive incidents; Risk factors, consequences and aggression management in healthcare environments; Violence, significant problem in working environments; Workers' compensation claims data from Australian jurisdictions; Workplace aggressive behavior defined as incidents perceived or real to individuals

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882994505     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470661550.ch17     Document Type: Chapter

References (66)

1. AbuAlRub, R. F., Khalifa, M. F., & Habbib, M. B. (2007). Workplace violence among Iraqi hospital nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 39(3), 281-288.
2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2003). Patient safety indicators, version 2.1. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
3. Allan, J., Crocket, J., Ball., P., Alston, M., & Whittenbury, K. (2007). 'It's all part of the package' in rural allied health work: A pilot study of rewards and barriers in rural pharmacy and social work. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 5(3), 1-11.
4. American Nurses Association. (2007). Workplace violence. Retrieved from www.nursing world.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAPoliticalPower/State/StateLegislativeAgenda/WorkplaceViolence.aspx
5. Arnetz, J. R., & Arnetz, B. B. (2001). Violence towards health care staff and possible effects on the quality of patient care. Social Science & Medicine, 52, 417-427
6. Astrom, S., Karlsson, S., Sandvide, A., Bucht, G., Eisemanne, A., Norberg, A., & Saveman, B. (2004). Staff 's experience of and the management of violent incidents in elderly care. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 18, 410-416.
7. Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in Health Care. (2003). . . . Australian Patient Safety Foundation. (2004). Summit May 2004: Aggression and violence in the health care workplace. Retrieved from www.patientsafetyint.com/events.aspx? ID=13
8. Australian Patient Safety Foundation. (2004). Summit May 2004: Aggression and violence in the health care workplace. Retrieved from www.patientsafetyint.com/events.aspx? ID=13
9. Australian Safety and Compensation Council (2008). Type of occurrence classification system, third ed. Canberra: Australian Safety and Compensation Council.
10. Benveniste, K. A., Hibbert, P. D., & Runciman, W. B. (2005). Violence in health care: the contribution of the Australian Patient Safety Foundation to incident monitoring and analysis. Medical Journal of Australia, 183(7), 348-351.
11. Bowers, L., Jeffery, D., Simpson, A., Daly, C., Warren, J., & Nijman, H. (2007). Junior staffing changes and the temporal ecology of adverse incidents in acute psychiatric wards. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 57(2), 153-160.
12. Boyd, C. (2002). Customer violence and employee health and safety. Work, Employment and Society, 16(1), 151-169.
13. Brooks, B. P. (2007). Shifting the focus of strategic injury prevention: mining free-text workers compensation claims data. Safety Science, 46(1), 1-21.
14. Bureau of Labor Statistics (United States). (2005). Workplace injuries and illnesses in 2005. Retrieved from www.pathfndr.com/bls2005.pdf
15. Camerino, D., Estryn-Behar, M., Conway, P. M., van Der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Hasselhorn, H. (2008). Work-related factors and violence among nursing staff in the European NEXT study: A longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45, 35-50.
16. Chang, E. M., Hancock, K. M., Johnson, A., Daly, J., & Jackson, D. (2005). Role stress in nurses: Review of related factors and strategies for moving forward. Nursing and Health Sciences, 7, 57-65.
17. Chapman, R., & Styles, I. (2006). An epidemic of abuse and violence: Nurse on the front line. Accident and Emergency Nursing, 14, 245-249.
18. Cole, A. (2005). Four in five nurses on mental wards face violence. Retrieved from www.bmj. com/cgi/content/full/330/7502/1227-a
19. Daffern, M., Mayer, M. M., & Martin, T. (2003). A preliminary investigation into patterns of aggression in an Australian forensic psychiatric hospital. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 14(1), 67-84
20. Day, G., Minichiello, V., & Madison, J. (2007). Nursing morale: Predictive variables among a sample of registered nurses in Australia. Journal of Nursing Management 15, 274-284
21. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection (Western Australia). (2006). Bullying and violence. Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from www.safetyline.wa.gov.au/ newsite/worksafe/content/topics/violence/violindx0003.html#B2
22. Department of Health (Western Australia). (2004). Prevention of workplace aggression and violence. Retrieved from www.health.wa.gov.au/publications/documents/Prevention_ of_Workplace_Aggression.pdf
23. Department of Human Services (Victoria). (2005). Occupational violence in nursing: An analysis of the phenomenon of patient aggression and code grey/black events in four Victorian hospitals. Victorian Government DHS, Melbourne. Retrieved from www.health.vic.gov.au/nursing/downloads/codeblackgrey.pdf
24. Di Martino, V., (2003). Relationship of work stress and workplace violence in the health sector. Geneva: Joint Programme on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector, ILO, WHO, ICN & PSI.
25. Dollard, M. F. (2007). Psychosocial safety culture and climate; Definition of a new construct. Work & Stress Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide.
26. Dollard, M. F., & Bakker, A. B. (in press). Psychosocial Safety Climate as a precursor to conducive work environments, psychological health problems, and employee engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
27. Dollard, M. F., LaMontagne, A. D., Caulfield, N., Blewett, V., & Shaw, A. (2007). Job stress in the Australian and international health and community services sector; A review of literature. International Journal of Stress Management, 14, 417-445.
28. Duxbury, J., & Whittington, R. (2005). Causes and management of patient aggression and violence: staff and patient perspectives. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(5), 469-478.
29. Farrell, G., & Cubit, K. (2005). Nurses under threat: A comparison of content of 28 aggression management programs. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 14, 44-53.
30. Findorff, M. J., McGovern, P. M., Wall, M., Gerberich, S. G., & Alexander, G. (2004). Risk factors for work related violence in a health care organization. Injury Prevention, 10, 296-302.
31. Grenyer, B., Ilkiw-Lavalle, O., Biro, P., Middleby-Clements, J., Comninos, A., & Coleman M. (2004). Safer at work: development and an evaluation of an aggression and violence minimization program. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38, 804-810.
32. Health Care Commission (HCC). (2005). National audit of violence-Final report (2003-2005). Retrieved from www.healthcarecommission.org.uk/_db/_documents/04017451.pdf
33. Hegney, D., Eley, R., Plank, A., Buikstra, E., & Parker, V. (2006). Workforce issues in nursing in Queensland: 2001 and 2004. Journal of Clinical Nursing 15, 1521-1530.
34. Hogh, A., & Viitasara, E. (2005). A systematic review of longitudinal studies of nonfatal workplace violence. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14(3), 291-313.
35. International Council of Nurses ICN. (2007). Fact sheet: Violence a world wide epidemic. Geneva: ICN. Retrieved from www.icn.ch/matters_violence.htm#top
36. Jackson, D., Clare, J., & Mannix, J. (2002). Who would want to be a nurse? Violence in the workplace-a factor in recruitment and retention. Journal of Nursing Management, 10, 13-20.
37. Jackson, D., & Daly, J. (2004). Current challenges and issues facing nursing in Australia. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17, 352-355.
38. Krause, T. R. (2005). The safety leadership model, part 3: Understanding organizational culture and safety climate. Leading With Safety, Chapter 4, 59-81. Retrieved from www3. interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/booktext/112149875/BOOKPDFSTART
39. Lam, L. T. (2002). Aggression exposure and mental health among nurses. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health (AeJAMH), 1(2), 1-12. ISSN: 1446-7984. Retrieved from http://auseinet.flinders.edu.au/journal/vol1iss2/lam.pdf
40. Lawoko, S., Soares, J. J. F., & Nolan, P. (2004). Violence towards psychiatric staff: a comparison of gender, job and environmental characteristics in England and Sweden. Work & Stress, 18(1), 39-55.
41. Lee, D. T. F. (2006). Violence in the health care workplace. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 12(1), 4-5.
42. Leather, P. (2002). Workplace violence: Scope, definition and global context. In C. Cooper & N. Swanson (Eds.). Violence in the health sector: State of the art, 3-18. Geneva: International Labour Organization. Retrieved from www.icn.ch/state.pdf
43. Luck, L., Jackson, D., & Usher, K. (2007). STAMP: Components of observable behaviour that indicate potential for patient violence in emergency departments. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59(1), 11-19.
44. Mayhew, C., & Chappel, D. (2001a). Occupational violence: Types, reporting patterns, and variations between health sectors, Discussion Paper no. 1. University of New South Wales: Working Paper. Retrieved from www.health.nsw.gov.au/policy/cmh/publications/ violence/DiscussionPaper1.pdf
45. Mayhew, C., & Chappell, D. (2003b). The occupational violence experiences of 400 Australian health workers: An exploratory study. The Journal of Occupational Health and Safety- Australia and New Zealand, 19(6), 3-43.
46. National Institute for Occupational Health NIOSH. (2002). Violence: Occupational hazards in hospitals. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 2002 101. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/ niosh/2002-101.html
47. Nijman H. L. I. (2002). A model of aggression in psychiatric hospitals. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106, 142-143.
48. Occupational Safety & Health Administration OSHA. (2003). Guidelines for preventing workplace violence for health care and social service workers. Retrieved fromwww.osha.gov/Publications/osha3148.pdf
49. Occupational Health & Safety Agency for Healthcare OHSAH. (2005). Preventing violent and aggressive behaviour in healthcare: A literature review. Retrieved from www.ohsah.bc.ca/media/130-ID-Workplace_Violence_Literature_Review.pdf
50. Oster, A., Bernbaum, S., & Patten, S. (2001). Determinants of violence in the psychiatric emergency service. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 164(1), 32-33.
51. Outcome Engineering. (2007). Just culture: Training for healthcare managers. Plano, TX: Outcome Engineering.
52. Reason, J. (1997). Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
53. Reason, J. (2004). Beyond the organisational accident: The need for "error wisdom" on the frontline. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 13, 28-33.
54. Reason, J., Carthey, J., & de Leval, M.R. (2001). Diagnosing "vulnerable system syndrome": An essential prerequisite to effective risk management. Quality in Health Care, 10(2), ii21-ii25.
55. Rew, M., & Ferns, T. (2005). A balanced approach to dealing with violence and aggression at work. British Journal of Nursing, 14(4), 27-232.
56. Rumsey, M., Foley, E., Harrigan, R., & Dakin, S. (2005). National review of violence in the workplace. Deakin West, ACT: Royal College of Nursing Australia.
57. Samuels, S. M. (2005). A social psychological view of morality: Why knowledge of situational influences on behaviour can improve character development practices. Journal of Moral Education, 34(1), 73-81.
58. Schantz, D., & Meacham, M. (2003). Client-initiated violence directed toward staff. Rural Society, 13(1), 54-71.
59. Schubert, M. (2004). Big nursing shortage ahead states warn. The Age. Retrieved from www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/06/25/1088144974353.html?oneclick&oneclick=t
60. Smith, M. H. (2002). Vigilance ensures a safer work environment. Nursing Management, 33(11), 18-19.
61. Spector, P. E., Coulter, M. L., Stockwell, H. G., & Matz, M. W. (2007). Perceived violence climate: A new construct and its relationship to workplace physical violence and verbal aggression, and their potential consequences. Work & Stress, 21(2), 117-130.
62. U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2004). Introduction: What is Violence?. Workplace Violence: Issues in Response, 11-14.
63. Wilkinson, C. W. (2001). Violence prevention at work: A business perspective. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 20(2), 155-160.
64. Winstanley, S., & Whittington, R. (2002). Violence in a general hospital: Comparison of assailant and other assault-related factors on accident and emergency and inpatient wards. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 106(412), 144-147.
65. Wiskow, C. (2003). Guidelines on workplace violence in the health sector. Comparison of major known national guidelines and strategies: United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden, USA, (OSHA, and California). Geneva: Joint Programme on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector, ILO, WHO, ICN & PSI.
66. World Health Organization (WHO). (2004). Preventing violence: A guide to implementing the recommendations of the world report on violence and health. Retrieved from http:// whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241592079.pdf