Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction and their implication in clinical management

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Volumn 18, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 600-609

  Palleria, Caterina ^a   Di Paolo, Antonello ^b   Giofrè, Chiara ^a   Caglioti, Chiara ^a   Leuzzi, Giacomo ^c   Siniscalchi, Antonio ^d   De Sarro, Giovambattista ^a   Gallelli, Luca ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MAGNA GRAECIA OF CATANZARO   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^c Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Catanzaro   (Italy)

^d Unit of Geriatrics   (Italy)

Author keywords

Absorption; Adverse drug reaction; Distribution; Drug drug interactions; Excretion; Metabolism; Poly therapy

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; AMPICILLIN; ANTACID AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; CEFPODOXIME; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYTOCHROME; DIAZEPAM; DICLOFENAC; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; LITHIUM; METHOTREXATE; METOPROLOL; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OMEPRAZOLE; PAROXETINE; PENICILLAMINE DERIVATIVE; PENTAGASTRIN; PROBENECID; PROPAFENONE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; RALTEGRAVIR; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; UNINDEXED DRUG; WARFARIN;

BLEEDING DISORDER; COMPLEX FORMATION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BINDING SITE; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG METABOLISM; GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; HUMAN; MEDICATION ERROR; MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT; METABOLIC INHIBITION; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PKA; REVIEW; STOMACH PH;

EID: 84882950955     PISSN: 17351995     EISSN: 17357136     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Moore N, Biour M, Paux G, Loupi E, Begaud B, Boismare F, et al. Adverse drug reaction monitoring: Doing it the French way. Lancet 1985;2:1056-8.
2. Lee CE, Zembower TR, Fotis MA, Postelnick MJ, Greenberger PA, Peterson LR, et al. The incidence of antimicrobial allergies in hospitalized patients: Implications regarding prescribing patterns and emerging bacterial resistance. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2819-22.
3. Bordet R, Gautier S, Le Louet H, Dupuis B, Caron J. Analysis of the direct cost of adverse drug reactions in hospitalised patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001;56:935-41.
4. Gallelli L, Ferreri G, Colosimo M, Pirritano D, Guadagnino L, Pelaia G, et al. Adverse drug reactions to antibiotics observed in two pulmonology divisions of catanzaro, Italy: A six-year retrospective study. Pharmacol Res 2002;46:395-400.
5. Gallelli L, Ferreri G, Colosimo M, Pirritano D, Flocco MA, Pelaia G, et al. Retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions to bronchodilators observed in two pulmonary divisions of Catanzaro, Italy. Pharmacol Res 2003;47:493-9.
6. Gallelli L, Colosimo M, Pirritano D, Ferraro M, De Fazio S, Marigliano NM, et al. Retrospective evaluation of adverse drug reactions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Drug Investig 2007;27:115-22.
7. Gallelli L, Colosimo M, Tolotta GA, Falcone D, Luberto L, Curto LS, et al. Prospective randomized double-blind trial of racecadotril compared with loperamide in elderly people with gastroenteritis living in nursing homes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66:137-44.
8. Franceschi A, Tuccori M, Bocci G, Vannozzi F, Di Paolo A, Barbara C, et al. Drug therapeutic failures in emergency department patients. A university hospital experience. Pharmacol Res 2004;49:85-91.
9. Johnell K, Klarin I. The relationship between number of drugs and potential drug-drug interactions in the elderly: A study of over 600,000 elderly patients from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Drug Saf 2007;30:911-8.
10. Siniscalchi A, Gallelli L, Avenoso T, Squillace A, De Sarro G. Effects of carbamazepine/oxycodone coadministration in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Ann Pharmacother 2011;45:e33.
11. Canu B, Fioravanti A, Orlandi P, Di Desidero T, Alì G, Fontanini G, et al. Irinotecan synergistically enhances the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of axitinib in vitro and improves its anticancer activity in vivo. Neoplasia 2011;13:217-29.
12. Rochon PA, Gurwitz JH. Optimising drug treatment for elderly people: The prescribing cascade. BMJ 1997;315:1096-9.
13. Mantia G, Provenzano G. Rilevanza clinica delle interazioni farmacologiche di tipo farmacocinetico. Acta Medica Mediterr 2008;24:23-27.
14. Krishna G, Moton A, Ma L, Medlock MM, McLeod J. Pharmacokinetics and absorption of posaconazole oral suspension under various gastric conditions in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:958-66.
15. Ogawa R, Echizen H. Drug-drug interaction profiles of proton pump inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49:509-33.
16. Bokor-Bratić M, Brkanić T. Clinical use of tetracyclines in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Med Pregl 2000;53:266-71.
17. Ogawa R, Echizen H. Clinically significant drug interactions with antacids: An update. Drugs 2011;71:1839-64.
18. Seedher N, Agarwal P. Effect of metal ions on some pharmacologically relevant interactions involving fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 2010;25:17-24.
19. Scaldaferri F, Pizzoferrato M, Ponziani FR, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Use and indications of cholestyramine and bile acid sequestrants. Intern Emerg Med 2011;8.
20. Phillips WA, Ratchford JM, Schultz JR. Effects of colestipol hydrochloride on drug absorption in the rat II. J Pharm Sci 1976;65:1285-91.
21. Lee HT, Lee YJ, Chung SJ, Shim CK. Effect of prokinetic agents, cisapride and metoclopramide, on the bioavailability in humans and intestinal permeability in rats of ranitidine, and intestinal charcoal transit in rats. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 2000;108:311-23.
22. Johnson BF, Bustrack JA, Urbach DR, Hull JH, Marwaha R. Effect of metoclopramide on digoxin absorption from tablets and capsules. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984;36:724-30.
23. Wynn GH, Sandson NB, Cozza KL. Gastrointestinal medications. Psychosomatics 2007;48:79-85.
24. Silverman JA, Thorgeirsson SS. Regulation and function of the multidrug resistance genes in liver. Prog Liver Dis 1995;13:101-23.
25. Thummel KE, Wilkinson GR. In vitro and in vivo drug interactions involving human CYP3A. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1998;38:389-430.
26. Rushing DA, Raber SR, Rodvold KA, Piscitelli SC, Plank GS, Tewksbury DA. The effects of cyclosporine on the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in patients with small cell lung cancer. Cancer 1994;74:834-41.
27. Shi Z, Tiwari AK, Shukla S, Robey RW, Singh S, Kim IW, et al. Sildenafil reverses ABCB1-and ABCG2-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Cancer Res 2011;71:3029-41.
28. Sudlow G, Birkett DJ, Wade DN. The characterization of two specific drug binding sites on human serum albumin. Mol Pharmacol 1975;11:824-32.
29. Kragh-Hansen U, Chuang VT, Otagiri M. Practical aspects of the ligand-binding and enzymatic properties of human serum albumin. Biol Pharm Bull 2002;25:695-704.
30. Oliva F, Gallelli L. Ibuprofen pharmacology and its implications for musculoskeletal disorders. Funct Neurol 2010;25:20.
31. Pozzi A, Gallelli L. Pain management for dentists: The role of ibuprofen. Ann Stomatol (Roma) 2011;2:3-24.
32. Guengerich FP. Characterization of human cytochrome P450 enzymes. FASEB J 1992;6:745-8.
33. Nelson DR, Kamataki T, Waxman DJ, Guengerich FP, Estabrook RW, Feyereisen R, et al. The P450 superfamily: Update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers, early trivial names of enzymes, and nomenclature. DNA Cell Biol 1993;12:1-51.
34. Nebert DW, Nelson DR, Coon MJ, Estabrook RW, Feyereisen R, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, et al. The P450 superfamily: Update on new sequences, gene mapping, and recommended nomenclature. DNA Cell Biol 1991;10:1-14.
35. Nakamura K, Goto F, Ray WA, McAllister CB, Jacqz E, Wilkinson GR, et al. Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphism of debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation between Japanese and Caucasian populations. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1985;38:402-8.
36. Døssing M, Pilsgaard H, Rasmussen B, Poulsen HE. Time course of phenobarbital and cimetidine mediated changes in hepatic drug metabolism. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1983;25:215-22.
37. Murray M. Drug-mediated inactivation of cytochrome P450. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997;24:465-70.
38. Murray M. P450 enzymes. Inhibition mechanisms, genetic regulation and effects of liver disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992;23:132-46.
39. Lillibridge JH, Liang BH, Kerr BM, Webber S, Quart B, Shetty BV, et al. Characterization of the selectivity and mechanism of human cytochrome P450 inhibition by the human immunodeficiency virus-protease inhibitor nelfinavir mesylate. Drug Metab Dispos 1998;26:609-16.
40. Sutton D, Butler AM, Nadin L, Murray M. Role of CYP3A4 in human hepatic diltiazem N-demethylation: Inhibition of CYP3A4 activity by oxidized diltiazem metabolites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:294-300.
41. Wagner F, Kalusche D, Trenk D, Jähnchen E, Roskamm H. Drug interaction between propafenone and metoprolol. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1987;24:213-20.
42. Gareri P, De Fazio P, Gallelli L, De Fazio S, Davoli A, Seminara G, et al. Venlafaxine-propafenone interaction resulting in hallucinations and psychomotor agitation. Ann Pharmacother 2008;42:434-8.
43. Markowitz JS, Wells BG, Carson WH. Interactions between antipsychotic and antihypertensive drugs. Ann Pharmacother 1995;29:603-9.
44. Preskorn SH, Alderman J, Chung M, Harrison W, Messig M, Harris S. Pharmacokinetics of desipramine coadministered with sertraline or fluoxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1994;14:90-8.
45. Zomorodi K, Houston JB. Effect of omeprazole on diazepam disposition in the rat: In vitro and in vivo studies. Pharm Res 1995;12:1642-6.
46. Meyer UA. Interaction of proton pump inhibitors with cytochromes P450: Consequences for drug interactions. Yale J Biol Med 1996;69:203-9.
47. Zomorodi K, Houston JB. Diazepam-omeprazole inhibition interaction: An in vitro investigation using human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996;42:157-62.
48. Levy RH. Cytochrome P450 isozymes and antiepileptic drug interactions. Epilepsia 1995;36:S8-13.
49. Jones TE, Morris RG, Mathew TH. Diltiazem-cyclosporin pharmacokinetic interaction-Dose-response relationship. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997;44:499-504.
50. Jones TE, Morris RG. Diltiazem does not always increase blood cyclosporin concentration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996;42:642-4.
51. Campana C, Regazzi MB, Buggia I, Molinaro M. Clinically significant drug interactions with cyclosporin. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996;30:141-79.
52. Gilard M, Arnaud B, Cornily JC, Le Gal G, Lacut K, Le Calvez G, et al. Influence of omeprazole on the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel associated with aspirin: The randomized, double-blind OCLA (Omeprazole CLopidogrel Aspirin) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:256-60.
53. Ho PM, Maddox TM, Wang L, Fihn SD, Jesse RL, Peterson ED, et al. Risk of adverse outcomes associated with concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors following acute coronary syndrome. JAMA 2009;301:937-44.
54. Gareri P, De Fazio P, Cotroneo A, Lacava R, Gallelli L, De Fazio S, et al. Anticholinergic drug-induced delirium in an elderly Alzheimer's dementia patient. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2007;44:199-206.
55. Ohyama K, Nakajima M, Nakamura S, Shimada N, Yamazaki H, Yokoi T. A significant role of human cytochrome P450 2C8 in amiodarone N-deethylation: An approach to predict the contribution with relative activity factor. Drug Metab Dispos 2000;28:1303-10.
56. Muirhead GJ, Wulff MB, Fielding A, Kleinermans D, Buss N. Pharmacokinetic interactions between sildenafil and saquinavir/ ritonavir. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;50:99-107.
57. nd, Mueller SW, Levi ME, Lindenfeld J. Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between calcineurin inhibitors and proliferation signal inhibitors with anti-microbial agents: Implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:124-35.
58. Sansone-Parsons A, Krishna G, Martinho M, Kantesaria B, Gelone S, Mant TG. Effect of oral posaconazole on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27:825-34.
59. Kapil RP, Cipriano A, Michels GH, Perrino P, O'Keefe SA, Shet MS, et al. Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetic profile of buprenorphine following administration of a once-weekly buprenorphine transdermal system. Clin Drug Investig 2012;32:583-92.
60. Periti P, Mazzei T, Mini E, Novelli A. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of macrolides. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992;23:106-31.
61. Gallelli L, Gioffrè V, Vero G, Gallelli A, Roccia F, Naty S, et al. Clarithromycin in the Treatment of Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia Associated with Multiorgan Failure in a Previously Healthy Patient. Clin Drug Investig 2005;25:485-90.
62. Somogyi A, Gugler R. Drug interactions with cimetidine. Clin Pharmacokinet 1982;7:23-41.
63. Somogyi A, Muirhead M. Pharmacokinetic interactions of cimetidine 1987. Clin Pharmacokinet 1987;12:321-66.
64. Garraffo R, Lavrut T, Ferrando S, Durant J, Rouyrre N, MacGregor TR, et al. Effect of tipranavir/ritonavir combination on the pharmacokinetics of tadalafil in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2011;51:1071-8.
65. Gruer PJ, Vega JM, Mercuri MF, Dobrinska MR, Tobert JA. Concomitant use of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors and simvastatin. Am J Cardiol 1999;84:811-5.
66. Martin J, Krum H. Cytochrome P450 drug interactions within the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor class: Are they clinically relevant? Drug Saf 2003;26:13-21.
67. Gallelli L, Ferraro M, Spagnuolo V, Rende P, Mauro GF, De Sarro G. Rosuvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis probably via CYP2C9 saturation. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 2009;24:83-7.
68. Venkatesan K. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with rifampicin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992;22:47-65.
69. Lee KH, Shin JG, Chong WS, Kim S, Lee JS, Jang IJ, et al. Time course of the changes in prednisolone pharmacokinetics after co-administration or discontinuation of rifampin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993;45:287-9.
70. Burger DM, Meenhorst PL, Koks CH, Beijnen JH. Pharmacokinetic interaction between rifampin and zidovudine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:1426-31.
71. Grange JM, Winstanley PA, Davies PD. Clinically significant drug interactions with antituberculosis agents. Drug Saf 1994;11:242-51.
72. Koselj M, Bren A, Kandus A, Kovac D. Drug interactions between cyclosporine and rifampicin, erythromycin, and azoles in kidney recipients with opportunistic infections. Transplant Proc 1994;26:2823-4.
73. Holtbecker N, Fromm MF, Kroemer HK, Ohnhaus EE, Heidemann H. The nifedipine-rifampin interaction. Evidence for induction of gut wall metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 1996;24:1121-3.
74. Li AP, Reith MK, Rasmussen A, Gorski JC, Hall SD, Xu L, et al. Primary human hepatocytes as a tool for the evaluation of structure-activity relationship in cytochrome P450 induction potential of xenobiotics: Evaluation of rifampin, rifapentine and rifabutin. Chem Biol Interact 1997;107:17-30.
75. Fromm MF, Busse D, Kroemer HK, Eichelbaum M. Differential induction of prehepatic and hepatic metabolism of verapamil by rifampin. Hepatology 1996;24:796-801.
76. Fleishaker JC, Pearson LK, Peters GR. Gender does not affect the degree of induction of tirilazad clearance by phenobarbital. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996;50:139-45.
77. Rambeck B, Specht U, Wolf P. Pharmacokinetic interactions of the new antiepileptic drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996;31:309-24.
78. Backman JT, Olkkola KT, Ojala M, Laaksovirta H, Neuvonen PJ. Concentrations and effects of oral midazolam are greatly reduced in patients treated with carbamazepine or phenytoin. Epilepsia 1996;37:253-7.
79. Cropp JS, Bussey HI. A review of enzyme induction of warfarin metabolism with recommendations for patient management. Pharmacotherapy 1997;17:917-28.
80. Siniscalchi A, Gallelli L, De Sarro G, Malferrari G, Santangelo E. Antiepileptic drugs for central post-stroke pain management. Pharmacol Res 2012;65:171-5.
81. Watkins PB, Wrighton SA, Schuetz EG, Molowa DT, Guzelian PS. Identification of glucocorticoid-inducible cytochromes P-450 in the intestinal mucosa of rats and man. J Clin Invest 1987;80:1029-36.
82. Siniscalchi A, Gallelli L, Calabrò G, Tolotta GA, De Sarro G. Phenobarbital/Lamotrigine coadministration-induced blood dyscrasia in a patient with epilepsy. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44:2031-4.
83. Carrillo Norte JA. Pharmacokinetic process: Does the site of drug action? Excretion of drugs. Rev Enferm 2011;34:24-31.
84. Kido Y, Matsson P, Giacomini KM. Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2. J Med Chem 2011;54:4548-58.
85. Kristensen MB. Drug interactions and clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1976;1:22.
86. Ronchera CL, Hernández T, Peris JE, Torres F, Granero L, Jiménez NV, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction between high-dose methotrexate and amoxycillin. Ther Drug Monit 1993;15:375-9.
87. Hill G, Cihlar T, Oo C, Ho ES, Prior K, Wiltshire H, et al. The anti-influenza drug oseltamivir exhibits low potential to induce pharmacokinetic drug interactions via renal secretion-correlation of in vivo and in vitro studies. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:13-9.
88. Wu H, Liu M, Wang S, Feng W, Yao W, Zhao H, et al. Pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of two compound formulations of 1500 mg ampicillin (1167 mg)/probenecid (333 mg): A randomized-sequence, single-dose, open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Clin Ther 2010;32:597-606.
89. Ito S, Kusuhara H, Yokochi M, Toyoshima J, Inoue K, Yuasa H, et al. Competitive inhibition of the luminal efflux by multidrug and toxin extrusions, but not basolateral uptake by organic cation transporter 2, is the likely mechanism underlying the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions caused by cimetidine in the kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012;340:393-403.
90. Nies AT, Hofmann U, Resch C, Schaeffeler E, Rius M, Schwab M. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit metformin uptake by organic cation transporters (OCTs). PLoS One 2011;6:e22163.
91. Fagerholm U. Prediction of human pharmacokinetics-renal metabolic and excretion clearance. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007;59:1463-71.
92. Handler J. Lithium and antihypertensive medication: A potentially dangerous interaction. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2009;11:738-42.
93. Amdisen A. Lithium and drug interactions. Drugs 1982;24:133-9.
94. Trifirò G, Corrao S, Alacqua M, Moretti S, Tari M, Caputi AP, et al. Interaction risk with proton pump inhibitors in general practice: Significant disagreement between different drug-related information sources. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006;62:582-90.
95. Gallelli L, Galasso O, Urzino A, Saccà S, Falcone D, Palleria C, et al. Characteristics and clinical implications of the pharmacokinetic profile of Ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Drug Investig 2012;32:827-33.
96. De Fazio S, Gallelli L, De Siena A, De Sarro G, Scordo MG. Role of CYP3A5 in abnormal clearance of methadone. Ann Pharmacother 2008;42:893-7.
97. Spina E, Trifiro G. Preventing drug interactions with antidepressants in the elderly. Aging Health 2007;3:13.