Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Liver and Bile Ducts

Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 718-727

  McLin, Valérie A ^a   Yazigi, Nada ^b  

^a GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

^b CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882840225     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4377-0774-8.10067-3     Document Type: Chapter

References (92)

1. Zaret K.S. Liver specification and early morphogenesis. Mech Dev 2000, 92:83-88.
2. Gilbert S.F. Developmental Biology 2000, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 471-501. 6th ed.
3. Waddington C.H. Organizers and Genes 1940, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
4. Gilbert S. Developmental Biology 2000, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. 6th ed.
5. Cirillo L.A., Lin F.R., Cuseta I., et al. Opening of compacted chromatin by early developmental transcription factors HNF3 (FoxA) and GATA-4. Mol Cell 2002, 9:279-289.
6. McLin V.A., Rankin S.A., Zorn A.M. Repression of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the anterior endoderm is essential for liver and pancreas development. Development 2007, 134:2207-2217.
7. Li Y., Rankin S.A.W., Sinner D., et al. Sfrp5 coordinates foregut specification and morphogenesis by antagonizing both canonical and noncanonical Wnt11 signaling. Genes Dev 2008, 22:3050-3063.
8. Noel E.S., Casal-Sueiro A., Busch-Nentwich E., et al. Organ-specific requirements for Hdac1 in liver and pancreas formation. Dev Biol 2008, 322:237-250.
9. Moore K. Clinically Oriented Anatomy 1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 6th ed.
10. Deutsch G., Jung J., Zheng M., et al. A bipotential precursor population for pancreas and liver within the embryonic endoderm. Development 2001, 128:871-881.
11. Serls A.E., Doherty S., Parvatiyar P., et al. Different thresholds of fibroblast growth factors pattern the ventral foregut into liver and lung. Development 2005, 132:35-47.
12. Huang H., Ruan H., Aw M.Y., et al. Mypt1-mediated spatial positioning of Bmp2-producing cells is essential for liver organogenesis. Development 2008, 135:3209-3218.
13. Tremblay K.D., Zaret K.S. Distinct populations of endoderm cells converge to generate the embryonic liver bud and ventral foregut tissues. Dev Biol 2005, 280:87-99.
14. O'Rahilly R.M., Müller F. The digestive system - the liver. Human Embryology and Teratology 1996, 239-243. Wiley-Liss, New York. 2nd ed. R. O'Rahilly, F. Müller (Eds.).
15. Matsumoto K., Yoshitomi H., Rossant J., et al. Liver organogenesis promoted by endothelial cells prior to vascular function. Science 2001, 294:559-563.
16. Bort R., Signore M., Tremblay K., et al. Hex homeobox gene controls the transition of the endoderm to a pseudostratified, cell emergent epithelium for liver bud development. Dev Biol 2006, 290:44-56.
17. Martinez Barbera J.P., Clements M., Thomas P., et al. The homeobox gene Hex is required in definitive endodermal tissues for normal forebrain, liver and thyroid formation. Development 2000, 127:2433-2445.
18. Keng V.W., Yagi H., Ikawa M., et al. Homeobox gene Hex is essential for onset of mouse embryonic liver development and differentiation of the monocyte lineage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000, 276:1155-1161.
19. Zhao R., Watt A.J., Li J., et al. GATA6 is essential for embryonic development of the liver but dispensable for early heart formation. Mol Cell Biol 2005, 25:2622-2631.
20. Oliver G., Sosa-Pineda B., Geisendorf S., et al. Prox 1, a prospero-related homeobox gene expressed during mouse development. Mech Dev 1993, 44:3-16.
21. Ludtke T.H., Christoffels V.M., Petry M., Kispert A. Tbx3 promotes liver bud expansion during mouse development by suppression of cholangiocyte differentiation. Hepatology 2009, 49:969-978.
22. Margagliotti S., Clotman F., Pierreux C.E., et al. Role of metalloproteinases at the onset of liver development. Dev Growth Differ 2008, 50:331-338.
23. Shiojiri N., Sugiyama Y. Immunolocalization of extracellular matrix components and integrins during mouse liver development. Hepatology 2004, 40:346-355.
24. Hilberg F., Aguzzi A., Howells N., Wagner E.F. c-jun is essential for normal mouse development and hepatogenesis. Nature 1993, 365:179-181.
25. Weinstein M., Monga S.P., Liu Y., et al. Smad proteins and hepatocyte growth factor control parallel regulatory pathways that converge on beta1-integrin to promote normal liver development. Mol Cell Biol 2001, 21:5122-5131.
26. Fassler R., Meyer M. Consequences of lack of beta 1 integrin gene expression in mice. Genes Dev 1995, 9:1896-1908.
27. Zeng G., Awan F., Otruba W., et al. Wnt'er in liver: expression of Wnt and frizzled genes in mouse. Hepatology 2007, 45:195-204.
28. Matsumoto K., Miki R., Nakayama M., et al. Wnt9a secreted from the walls of hepatic sinusoids is essential for morphogenesis, proliferation, and glycogen accumulation of chick hepatic epithelium. Dev Biol 2008, 319:234-247.
29. Tan X., Yuan Y., Zeng G., et al. Beta-catenin deletion in hepatoblasts disrupts hepatic morphogenesis and survival during mouse development. Hepatology 2008, 47:1667-1679.
30. Hussain S.Z., Sneddon T., Tan X., et al. Wnt impacts growth and differentiation in ex vivo liver development. Exp Cell Res 2004, 292:157-169.
31. Micsenyi A., Tan X., Sneddon T., et al. Beta-catenin is temporally regulated during normal liver development. Gastroenterology 2004, 126:1134-1146.
32. Monga S.P., Mars W.M., Pediaditakis P., et al. Hepatocyte growth factor induces Wnt-independent nuclear translocation of beta-catenin after Met-beta-catenin dissociation in hepatocytes. Cancer Res 2002, 62:2064-2071.
33. Monga S.P., Monga H.K., Tan X., et al. Beta-catenin antisense studies in embryonic liver cultures: role in proliferation, apoptosis, and lineage specification. Gastroenterology 2003, 124:202-216.
34. Monga S.P., Pediaditakis P., Mule K., et al. Changes in WNT/beta-catenin pathway during regulated growth in rat liver regeneration. Hepatology 2001, 33:1098-1109.
35. Suksaweang S., Lin C.M., Jiang T.X., et al. Morphogenesis of chicken liver: identification of localized growth zones and the role of beta-catenin/Wnt in size regulation. Dev Biol 2004, 266:109-122.
36. Ijpenberg A., Pérez-Pomares J.M., Guadix J.A., et al. Wt1 and retinoic acid signaling are essential for stellate cell development and liver morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2007, 312:157-170.
37. Hentsch B., Lyons I., Li R., et al. Hlx homeo box gene is essential for an inductive tissue interaction that drives expansion of embryonic liver and gut. Genes Dev 1996, 10:70-79.
38. Doi T.S., Marino M.W., Takahashi T., et al. Absence of tumor necrosis factor rescues RelA-deficient mice from embryonic lethality. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96:2994-2999.
39. Piazzolla D., Meissi K., Kucerova L., et al. Raf-1 sets the threshold of Fas sensitivity by modulating Rok-alpha signaling. J Cell Biol 2005, 171:1013-1022.
40. Kyrmizi I., Hatzis P., Katrakili N., et al. Plasticity and expanding complexity of the hepatic transcription factor network during liver development. Genes Dev 2006, 20:2293-2305.
41. Spence J.R., Lange A.W., Lin S.C., et al. Sox17 regulates organ lineage segregation of ventral foregut progenitor cells. Dev Cell 2009, 17:62-74.
42. Desmet V.J. Congenital diseases of intrahepatic bile ducts: variations on the theme "ductal plate malformation". Hepatology 1992, 16:1069-1083.
43. Desmet V.J. Ludwig symposium on biliary disorders - part I. Pathogenesis of ductal plate abnormalities. Mayo Clin Proc 1998, 73:80-89.
44. Lemaigre F.P. Development of the biliary tract. Mech Dev 2003, 120:81-87.
45. Bezerra J.A. Liver development: a paradigm for hepatobiliary disease in later life. Semin Liver Dis 1998, 18:203-216.
46. Antoniou A., Raynaud P., Cordi S., et al. Intrahepatic bile ducts develop according to a new mode of tubulogenesis regulated by the transcription factor SOX9. Gastroenterology 2009, 136:2325-2333.
47. Suzuki A., Sekiya S., Büscher D., et al. Tbx3 controls the fate of hepatic progenitor cells in liver development by suppressing p19ARF expression. Development 2008, 135. 1589-95.
48. Zhang L., Thiese N., Chua M., Reid L.M. The stem cell niche of human livers: symmetry between development and regeneration. Hepatology 2008, 48:1598-1607.
49. Lammert E., Cleaver O., Melton D. Role of endothelial cells in early pancreas and liver development. Mech Dev 2003, 120:59-64.
50. Duncan S.A. Mechanisms controlling early development of the liver. Mech Dev 2003, 120:19-33.
51. Desmet V.J., Liver: Biology and Pathobiology The Organizational principles 2001, 3-16. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 4th ed. I. Arias, J.L. Boyer, F. Chisari (Eds.).
52. Bates M.B.W. Development of the liver. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 2003, Saunders, Philadelphia. 17th ed. R.E. Berman, R.M. Kliegman, H.B. Jenson (Eds.).
53. Beath S.V. Hepatic function and physiology in the newborn. Semin Neonatol 2003, 8. 337-46.
54. Zaret K.S. Regulatory phases of early liver development: paradigms of organogenesis. Nat Rev Genet 2002, 3:499-512.
55. Benhamouche S., Decaens T., Godard C., et al. Apc tumor suppressor gene is the "zonation-keeper" of mouse liver. Dev Cell 2006, 10:759-770.
56. Colletti M., Cicchini C., Conigliaro A., et al. Convergence of Wnt signaling on the HNF4alpha-driven transcription in controlling liver zonation. Gastroenterology 2009, 137:660-672.
57. Burke Z.D., Tosh D. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway: master regulator of liver zonation?. Bioessays 2006, 28:1072-1077.
58. Zaret K.S. Embryonic development of the liver. The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology 2001, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 4th ed. I. Arias, J.L. Boyer, F. Chisari (Eds.).
59. Shen W., Scearce L.M., Brestelli J.E., et al. Foxa3 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 3gamma) is required for the regulation of hepatic GLUT2 expression and the maintenance of glucose homeostasis during a prolonged fast. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:42812-42817.
60. Coffinier C., Gresh L., Fiette L., et al. Bile system morphogenesis defects and liver dysfunction upon targeted deletion of HNF1beta. Development 2002, 129:1829-1838.
61. Perincheri S., Dingle R.W., Peterson M.L., Spear B.T. Hereditary persistence of alpha-fetoprotein and H19 expression in liver of BALB/cJ mice is due to a retrovirus insertion in the Zhx2 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:396-401.
62. Xie Z., Zhang H., Tsai W., et al. Zinc finger protein ZBTB20 is a key repressor of alpha-fetoprotein gene transcription in liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:10859-10864.
63. Tatarakis A., Margaritis T., Martinez-Jimenez C.P., et al. Dominant and redundant functions of TFIID involved in the regulation of hepatic genes. Mol Cell 2008, 31:531-543.
64. Alcorn J., McNamara P.J. Ontogeny of hepatic and renal systemic clearance pathways in infants: part II. Clin Pharmacokinet 2002, 41:1077-1094.
65. Alcorn J., McNamara P.J. Ontogeny of hepatic and renal systemic clearance pathways in infants: part I. Clin Pharmacokinet 2002, 41:959-998.
66. Bochkis I.M., Rubins N.E., White P., et al. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of Foxa2 alters bile acid homeostasis and results in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nat Med 2008, 14:828-836.
67. Nemeth E., Baird A.W., O'Farrelly C. Microanatomy of the liver immune system. Semin Immunopathol 2009, 31:333-343.
68. Miethke A.G., Balistrieri W.F. Approach to neonatal cholestasis. Walker's Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathology, Diagnosis, Management 2008, 789-802. BC Decker, Hamilton, ON. 5th ed. R.E. Kleinman, I.R. Sanderson, O. Goulet (Eds.).
69. Fausto N. Liver regeneration: from laboratory to clinic. Liver Transplant 2001, 7:835-844.
70. Marcos A., Fisher R.A., Ham J.M., et al. Liver regeneration and function in donor and recipient after right lobe adult to adult living donor liver transplantation. Transplantation 2000, 69:1375-1379.
71. Di Campli C., Gasbarrini G., Gasbarrini A. Review article: a medicine based on cell transplantation - is there a future for treating liver diseases?. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003, 18:473-480.
72. Di Campli C., Nestola M., Piscaglia A.C., et al. Cell-based therapy for liver diseases. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2003, 7:41-44.
73. Crosby H.A., Nijjar S.S., de Goyet Jde V., et al. Progenitor cells of the biliary epithelial cell lineage. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2002, 13:397-403.
74. Piscaglia A.C., Di Campli C., Gasbarrini G., Gasbarrini A. Stem cells: new tools in gastroenterology and hepatology. Dig Liver Dis 2003, 35:507-514.
75. Schafritz D., Dabeva M., Grompe M. Liver repopulation through cell transplantation. The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology 2001, 927-940. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 4th ed. I. Arias, J.L. Boyer, F. Chisari (Eds.).
76. Kohler C., Bell A.W., Bowen W.C., et al. Expression of Notch-1 and its ligand Jagged-1 in rat liver during liver regeneration. Hepatology 2004, 39:1056-1065.
77. Vassilopoulos G., Wang P.R., Russell D.W. Transplanted bone marrow regenerates liver by cell fusion. Nature 2003, 422:901-904.
78. Wang X., Willenbring H., Akkari Y., et al. Cell fusion is the principal source of bone-marrow-derived hepatocytes. Nature 2003, 422:897-901.
79. Fausto N. Lessons from genetically engineered animal models. V. Knocking out genes to study liver regeneration: present and future. Am J Physiol 1999, 277(5 Pt 1):G917-G921.
80. Borowiak M., Maehr R., Chen S., et al. Small molecules efficiently direct endodermal differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2009, 4:348-358.
81. Morrison G.M., Oikonomopoulou I., Migueles R.P., et al. Anterior definitive endoderm from ESCs reveals a role for FGF signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2008, 3:402-415.
82. Lemaigre F.P. Mechanisms of liver development: concepts for understanding liver disorders and design of novel therapies. Gastroenterology 2009, 137:62-79.
83. Desmet V.J. The amazing universe of hepatic microstructure. Hepatology 2009, 50:333-344.
84. Sielaff TD, Curley SA. Liver. In: Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, et al, editors. Schwartz's principles of surgery, 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005.
85. Bismuth H., Schwartz S.I., Shires T.G., Spencer F.C., et al. Principles of Surgery 1999, McGraw-Hill, New York. 7th ed.
86. Costa R., Holterman L.A., Rausa F., Adami G. Gene regulation and in vivo function of liver transcription factors. The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology 2001, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 4th ed. I. Arias, J.L. Boyer, F. Chisari (Eds.).
87. Lee C.S., Friedman J.R., Fulmer J.T., Kaestner K.H. The initiation of liver development is dependent on Foxa transcription factors. Nature 2005, 435:944-947.
88. Cirillo L.A., Lin F.R., Cuesta, et al. Opening of compacted chromatin by early developmental transcription factors HNF3 (FoxA) and GATA-4. Mol Cell 2002, 9:279-289.
89. Deutsch G., Jung J., Zheng M., et al. A bipotential precursor population for pancreas and liver within the embryonic endoderm. Development 2001, 128:871-881.
90. Zaret K.S. Regulatory phases of early liver development: paradigms of organogenesis. Nat Rev Genet 2002, 3:499-512.
91. Lemaigre F.P. Mechanisms of liver development: concepts for understanding liver disorders and design of novel therapies. Gastroenterology 2009, 137:62-79.
92. See expertconsult.com for a complete list of references and the review questions for this chapter.