Tensions between firm size and sustainability goals: Fair trade coffee in the united states

Sustainability (Switzerland)

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 72-89

  Howard, Philip H ^a   Jaffee, Daniel ^b  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Certification; Coffee; Corporations; Fair Trade; Firm size

Indexed keywords

CERTIFICATION; COFFEE; DATA SET; MARKETING; SUSTAINABILITY; TRADE FLOW;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84882634796     PISSN: 20711050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/su5010072     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Boström, M.; Klintman, M. Eco-Standards, Product Labelling and Green Consumerism; Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, UK, 2008.
2. Howard, P.H.; Allen, P. Beyond organic and Fair Trade? An analysis of ecolabel preferences in the United States. Rural Sociol. 2010, 75, 244-269.
3. Raynolds, L.; Murray, D.; Heller, A. Regulating sustainability in the coffee sector: A comparative analysis of third-party environmental and social certification initiatives. Agric. Human Values 2007, 24, 147-163.
4. Hockerts, K.; Wüstenhagen, R. Greening Goliaths versus emerging Davids-Theorizing about the role of incumbents and new entrants in sustainable entrepreneurship. J. Bus. Venturing 2010, 25, 481-492.
5. Davies, I.; Doherty, B.; Knox, S. The rise and stall of a Fair Trade pioneer: The cafédirect story. J. Bus. Ethics 2010, 92, 127-147.
6. Schaltegger, S.; Wagner, M. Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: Categories and interactions. Bus. Strat. Environ. 2011, 20, 222-237.
7. Fridell, M.; Hudson, I.; Hudson, M. With friends like these: The corporate response to Fair Trade coffee. Rev. Radical Pol. Econ. 2008, 40, 8-34.
8. Howard, P.H. Consolidation in the North American organic food processing sector, 1997 to 2007. Int. J. Sociol. Agric. Food 2009, 16, 13-30.
9. Jaffee, D. Weak coffee: Certification and co-optation in the Fair Trade movement. Soc. Probl. 2012, 59, 94-116.
10. Sherman, S. The brawl over Fair Trade coffee. The Nation, 22 August 2012; Available online: http://www.thenation.com/article/169515/brawl-over-fair-trade-coffee (accessed on 5 October 2012).
11. Gram, D. Fair Trade purists cry foul at including big farms. The Associated Press, 31 May 2012.
12. Gram, D. Too much caffeine? Fair Trade coffees fighting. The Associated Press, 21 May 2012.
13. Chesto, J. Mass market; All is not mellow with Fair Trade coffee companies. The Patriot Ledger, 23 June 2012.
14. Neuman, W. A question of fairness. The New York Times, 24 November 2011, B1.
15. Doherty, B.; Davies, I.A.; Tranchell, S. Where now for fair trade? Bus. Hist. 2012, in press.
16. Reed, D. What do corporations have to do with Fair Trade? Positive and normative analysis from a value chain perspective. J. Bus. Ethics 2009, 86, 3-26.
17. Lyons, K. Supermarkets as organic retailers: Impacts for the Australian organic sector. In Supermarkets and Agri-Food Supply Chains: Transformations in the Production and Consumption of Foods; Burch, D., Lawrence, G., Eds.; Edward Elgar Publishing: Cheltenham, UK, 2007; pp. 154-172.
18. Gillespie, E. Stemming the tide of ?greenwash?. Consum. Policy Rev. 2008, 18, 79-83.
19. Jaffee, D. Brewing Justice: Fair Trade Coffee, Sustainability, and Survival; University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA, 2007.
20. Jaffee, D.; Howard, P. Corporate cooptation of organic and fair trade standards. Agric. Human Values 2010, 27, 387-399.
21. Hatanaka, M.; Konefal, J.; Constance, D. A tripartite standards regime analysis of the contested development of a sustainable agriculture standard. Agric. Human Values 2012, 29, 65-78
22. Templet, P.H. Grazing the commons: An empirical analysis of externalities, subsidies and sustainability. Ecol. Econ. 1995, 12, 141-159.
23. Dawson, M. The Consumer Trap: Big Business Marketing in American Life; University of Illinois Press: Champaign, IL, USA, 2003.
24. Pagell, M.; Wu, Z. Building a more complete theory of sustainable supply chain management using case studies of 10 exemplars. J. Supply Chain Manag. 2009, 45, 37-56.
25. Reardon, T.; Timmer, C.P.; Barrett, C.B.; Berdegué, J. The rise of supermarkets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Am. J. Agr. Econ. 2003, 85, 1140-1146.
26. Reardon, T.; Timmer, P.; Berdegue, J.A. The rapid rise of supermarkets in developing countries: Induced organizational, institutional, and technological change in agrifood systems. Electron. J. Agric. Dev. Econ. 2004, 1, 168-183.
27. Fridell, G. The co-operative and the corporation: Competing visions of the future of Fair Trade. J. Bus. Ethics 2009, 86, 81-95.
28. Haynes, J.; Cubbage, F.; Mercer, E.; Sills, E. The search for value and meaning in the cocoa supply chain in Costa Rica. Sustainability 2012, 4, 1466-1487.
29. Dougherty, D. Interpretive barriers to successful product innovation in large firms. Organ. Sci. 1992, 3, 179-202.
30. Dauvergne, P.; Lister, J. Big brand sustainability: Governance prospects and environmental limits. Global Environ. Change 2012, 22, 36-45.
31. Acs, Z.J.; Audretsch, D.B. Innovation, market structure, and firm size. Rev. Econ. Stat. 1987, 69, 567-574.
32. Lepoutre, J.; Heene, A. Investigating the impact of firm size on small business social responsibility: A critical review. J. Bus. Ethics 2006, 67, 257-273.
33. Bacon, C.M.; Méndez, V.E.; Fox, J.A. Cultivating Sustainable Coffee: Persistent paradoxes. In Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Fair Trade, Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mexico and Central America; Bacon, C.M., Méndez, V.E., Gliessman, S.R., Goodman, D., Fox, J.A., Eds.; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2008; pp. 337-372.
34. Fair Trade USA 2011 Almanac; Fair Trade USA: Oakland, CA, USA, 2012; pp. 1-61. Available online: http://fairtradeusa.org/sites/default/files/Almanac%202011.pdf (accessed on 6 October 2012).
35. De Pelsmacker, P.; Driesen, L.; Rayp, G. Do consumers care about ethics? Willingness to pay for fair-trade coffee. J. Consum. Aff. 2005, 39, 363-385.
36. Arnot, C.; Boxall, P.C.; Cash, S.B. Do Ethical Consumers Care About Price? A Revealed Preference Analysis of Fair Trade Coffee Purchases. Canadian J. Agric. Econ./Rev. Canadienne d'Agroecon. 2006, 54, 555-565.
37. Didier, T.; Sirieix, L. Measuring consumer's willingness to pay for organic and Fair Trade products. Int. J. Consum. Stud. 2008, 32, 479-490.
38. Raynolds, L.T. Fair Trade: Social regulation in global food markets. J. Rural Stud. 2012, 28, 276-287.
39. Renard, M.-C.; Pérez-Grovas, V. Fair Trade coffee in Mexico: At the center of the debates. In Fair Trade: The Challenges of Transforming Globalization; Raynolds, L.T., Murray, D., Wilkinson, J., Eds.; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2007; pp. 138-156.
40. Besky, S. Can a plantation be fair? Paradoxes and possibilities in Fair Trade Darjeeling tea certification. Anthropol. Work Rev. 2008, 29, 1-9.
41. Neilson, J.; Pritchard, B. Fairness and ethicality in their place: the regional dynamics of fair trade and ethical sourcing agendas in the plantation districts of South India. Environ. Plann. A 2010, 42, 1833-1851.
42. Raynolds, L.T. Fair Trade flowers: Global certification, environmental sustainability, and labor standards. Rural Sociol. 2012, 77, 493-519.
43. Perfecto, I.; Vandermeer, J.; Mas, A.; Pinto, L.S. Biodiversity, yield, and shade coffee certification. Ecol. Econ. 2005, 54, 435-446.
44. Perfecto, I.; Armbrecht, I.; Philpott, S.M.; Soto-Pinto, L.; Dietsch, T.V. Shaded coffee and the stability of rainforest margins in northern Latin America. In Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins; Tscharntke, T., Leuschner, C., Zeller, M., Guhardja, E., Bidin, A., Eds.; Environmental Science and Engineering; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2007; pp. 225-261.
45. Méndez, V.E. Farmers' livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in a coffee landscape of El Salvador. In Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Fair Trade, Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mexico and Central America; Bacon, C.M., Méndez, V.E., Gliessman, S.R., Goodman, D., Fox, J.A., Eds.; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2008; pp. 207-236.
46. Raynolds, L.T. Mainstreaming Fair Trade coffee: From partnership to traceability. World Dev. 2009, 37, 1083-1093.
47. Ware, C. Information Visualization: Perception for Design, 2nd ed.; Morgan Kaufmann: San Francisco, CA, USA, 2004.
48. Howard, P.H. Visualizing consolidation in the global seed industry: 1996-2008. Sustainability 2009, 1, 1266-1287.
49. Coffee Barometer; Tropical Commodity Coalition: The Hague, Netherlands, 2009; pp 1-20.
50. Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Corporate Social Responsibility Report; Green Mountain Coffe Roasters: Waterbury, VT, USA, 2010; pp 1-68.
51. Starbucks Global Responsibility Report; Starbucks: Seattle, WA, USA, 2010; pp 1-15.
52. Fair Trade USA 2010 Almanac; Fair Trade USA: Oakland, CA, USA, 2010; pp 1-63.
53. Obermiller, C.; Burke, C.; Talbott, E.; Green, G.P. ?Taste great or more fulfilling?: The effect of brand reputation on consumer social responsibility advertising for Fair Trade coffee. Corp. Reputation Rev. 2009, 12, 159-176.
54. Grodnik, A.; Conroy, M.E. Fair Trade Coffee in the United States: Why Companies Join the Movement. In Fair Trade: The Challenges of Transforming Globalization; Raynolds, L.T., Murray, D., Wilkinson, J., Eds.; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2007; pp. 83-102.
55. Davies, I. Alliances and networks: Creating success in the UK Fair Trade market. J. Bus. Ethics 2009, 86, 109-126.
56. Starbucks Global Responsibility Report; Starbucks: Seattle, WA, USA, 2011; pp 1-22.
57. Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Corporate Social Responsibility Report; Green Mountain Coffee Roasters: Waterbury, VT, USA, 2011; pp 1-75.
58. Equal Exchange Annual Report; Equal Exchange: Bridgewater, MA, USA, 2011; pp 1-16.
59. An open letter to Green Mountain Coffee Roasters from Equal Exchange. 21 May 2012. Available online: http://www.equalexchange.coop/gmcr-ad.pdf (accessed on 6 October 2012).
60. Hill, C. Fair Trade USA's coffee policy comes under fire. East Bay Express, 25 April 2012. Available online: http://www.eastbayexpress.com/ebx/fair-trade-usas-coffee-policy-comes-under-fire/Content?oid=3184779 (accessed on 5 October 2012).
61. Robinson, P. Trying (but Failing) to Understand Arguments in Support of Fair Trade USA. Available online: http://smallfarmersbigchange.coop/2012/09/26/trying-but-failing-to-understand-arguments-in-support-of-fair-trade-usa/(accessed on 10 October 2012).
62. Robinson, P. Banana Producers from the Dominican Republic Say no to Plantations! Available online: http://smallfarmersbigchange.coop/2012/06/14/4866/(accessed on 10 October 2012).
63. Robinson, P. Join with us to support authentic Fair Trade. Available online: http://smallfarmersbigchange.coop/2012/01/07/join-with-us-to-support-authentic-fair-trade/(accessed on 10 October 2012).