Magnetic resonance imaging's role in the care of the infant at risk for brain injury

Neurology

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 285-324

  Lodygensky, Gregory A ^a   Menache, Caroline C ^a   Hüppi, Petra S ^b,c  

^a Hopital des Enfants Hopitaux universitaires de Geneve   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

^c BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882490818     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4377-3611-3.00016-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (123)

1. Neil J, Miller J, Mukherjee P, Huppi PS Diffusion tensor imaging of normal and injured developing human brain-a technical review. NMR Biomed 2002, 15:543-552.
2. Huppi PS, Lazeyras F Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in neonatal brain injury. Pediatr Res 2001, 49:317-320.
3. Seghier ML, Lazeyras F, Huppi PS Functional MRI of the newborn. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2006.
4. Volpe JJ Perinatal brain injury: from pathogenesis to neuroprotection. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2001, 7:56-64.
5. Perlman JM Summary proceedings from the neurology group on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics 2006, 117:S28-S33.
6. Nelson KB, Grether JK Potentially asphyxiating conditions and spastic cerebral palsy in infants of normal birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998, 179:507-513.
7. Perlman JM Intrapartum asphyxia and cerebral palsy: is there a link?. Clin Perinatol 2006, 33:335-353.
8. Barkovich A, Sargent S Profound asphyxia in the premature infant: imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995, 16:1837-1846.
9. Ashwal S, Majcher JS, Vain N, Longo LD Patterns of fetal lamb regional cerebral blood flow during and after prolonged hypoxia. Pediatr Res 1980, 14:1104-1110.
10. Johnson GN, Palahniuk RJ, Tweed WA, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow changes during severe fetal asphyxia produced by slow partial umbilical cord compression. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979, 135:48-52.
11. Shah P, Riphagen S, Beyene J, Perlman M Multiorgan dysfunction in infants with post-asphyxial hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004, 89:F152-F155.
12. Rutherford M, Counsell S, Allsop J, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in term perinatal brain injury: a comparison with site of lesion and time from birth. Pediatrics 2004, 114:1004-1014.
13. Govaert P, de Vries LS An atlas of neonatal brain sonography 1997, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1-363.
14. Cabanas F, Pellicer A, Perez-Higueras A, et al. Ultrasonographic findings in thalamus and basal ganglia in term asphyxiated infants. Pediatr Neurol 1991, 7:211-215.
15. Kashman N, Kramer U, Stavorovsky Z, et al. Prognostic significance of hyperechogenic lesions in the basal ganglia and thalamus in neonates. J Child Neurol 2001, 16:591-594.
16. Leijser L, Cowan F "State of the Art" neonatal cranial ultrasound. Ultrasound 2007, 15:6-17.
17. Rutherford M MRI of the neonatal brain 2002, WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
18. Hüppi PS, Lazeyras F MR spectroscopy. Pediatric neuroradiology brain 2005, 1049-1072. Springer, Berlin. P. Tortori-Donati (Ed.).
19. Rutherford M, Malamateniou C, Zeka J, Counsell S MR imaging of the neonatal brain at 3 Tesla. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2004, 8:281-289.
20. Triulzi F, Baldoli C, Parazzini C Neonatal MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2001, 9:57-82. viii.
21. Mc Ardle CB, Richardson CJ, Nicholas DA Developmental features of the neonatal brain: MR imaging. Part I. Gray-white matter differentiation and myelination. Radiology 1987, 162:223-229.
22. Rutherford MA, Pennock JM, Counsell SJ, et al. Abnormal magnetic resonance signal in the internal capsule predicts poor neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics 1998, 102:323-328.
23. Rutherford M, Ward P, Allsop J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in neonatal encephalopathy. Early Hum Dev 2005, 81:13-25.
24. Pasternak JF Parasagittal infarction in neonatal asphyxia. Ann Neurol 1987, 21:202-204.
25. Huppi PS, Dubois J Diffusion tensor imaging of brain development. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2006, 11:489-497.
26. Conturo TE, McKinstry RC, Aronovitz JA, Neil JJ Diffusion MRI: precision, accuracy and flow effects. NMR Biomed 1995, 8:307-332.
27. Moseley M, Cohen Y, Kucharczyk J, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR-imaging of anisotropic water diffusion in cat central nervous system. Radiology 1990, 176:439-445.
28. Rumpel H, Ferrini B, Martin E Lasting cytotoxic edema as an indicator of irreversible brain damage: a case of neonatal stroke. Neurosci Behav 1998, 19:1636-1638.
29. Warach S, Chien D, Li W Fast magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging of acute human stroke. Neurology 1992, 42:1717-1723.
30. Li F, Han SS, Tatlisumak T, et al. Reversal of acute apparent diffusion coefficient abnormalities and delayed neuronal death following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Ann Neurol 1999, 46:333-342.
31. Copen WA, Schwamm LH, Gonzalez RG, et al. Ischemic stroke: effects of etiology and patient age on the time course of the core apparent diffusion coefficient. Radiology 2001, 221:27-34.
32. McKinstry RC, Miller JH, Snyder AZ, et al. A prospective, longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study of brain injury in newborns. Neurology 2002, 59:824-833.
33. Robertson R, Ben-Sira L, Barnes P, et al. MR line-scan diffusion-weighted imaging of term neonates with perinatal brain ischemia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999, 20:1658-1670.
34. Soul JS, Robertson RL, Tzika AA, et al. Time course of changes in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of neonatal encephalopathy with defined onset and duration of hypoxic-ischemic insult. Pediatrics 2001, 108:1211-1214.
35. Groenendaal F, Veehoven R, van der Grond J, et al. Cerebral lactate and N-acetylaspartate/choline ratios in asphyxiated full-term neonates demonstrated in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 1994, 35:148-151.
36. Penrice J, Cady E, Lorek A, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in normal preterm and term infants, and early changes after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatr Res 1996, 40:6-14.
37. Hanrahan J, Cox I, Azzopardi D, et al. Relation between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 18 hours of birth asphyxia and neurodevelopment at 1 year of age. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999, 41:76-82.
38. Hanrahan J, Cox I, Edwards A, et al. Persistent increases in cerebral lactate concentration after birth asphyxia. Pediatr Res 1998, 44:304-311.
39. Robertson NJ, Cowan FM, Cox IJ, Edwards AD Brain alkaline intracellular pH after neonatal encephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2002, 52:732-742.
40. Robertson N, IJ C, Cowan F, et al. Cerebral intracellular lactic alkalosis persisting months after neonatal encephalopathy measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 1999, 46:287-296.
41. Zarifi MK, Astrakas LG, Poussaint TY, et al. Prediction of adverse outcome with cerebral lactate level and apparent diffusion coefficient in infants with perinatal asphyxia. Radiology 2002, 225:859-870.
42. Groenendaal F, Roelants-Van Rijn AM, van Der GJ, et al. Glutamate in cerebral tissue of asphyxiated neonates during the first week of life demonstrated in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biol Neonate 2001, 79:254-257.
43. Peden C, Rutherford M, Sargentoni J, et al. Proton spectroscopy of the neonatal brain following hypoxic-ischemic injury. Dev Med Child Neurol 1993, 34:285-295.
44. Roelants-Van Rijn AM, van Der GJ, de Vries LS, Groenendaal F Value of (1)H-MRS using different echo times in neonates with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatr Res 2001, 49:356-362.
45. Shu S, Ashwal S, Holshauser B, et al. Prognostic value of 1H-MRS in perinatal CNS insults. Pediatr Neurol 1997, 17:309-318.
46. Lodygensky G, West T, Moravec MD, et al. Diffusion characteristics associated with neuronal injury and glial activation following hypoxia-ischemia in the immature brain. Magn Reson Med 2011, 66:839-845.
47. Wendland MF, Faustino J, West T, et al. Early diffusion-weighted MRI as a predictor of caspase-3 activation after hypoxic-ischemic insult in neonatal rodents. Stroke 2008, 39:1862-1868.
48. Boichot C, Mejean N, Gouyon JB, et al. Biphasic time course of brain water ADC observed during the first month of life in term neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia is indicative of poor outcome at 3 years. Magn Reson Imaging 2011, 29:194-201.
49. Khachaturian MH, Arsenault J, Ekstrom LB, et al. Focal reversible deactivation of cerebral metabolism affects water diffusion. Magn Reson Med 2008, 60:1178-1189.
50. Wintermark P, Hansen A, Soul J, et al. Early versus late MRI in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2011, 96:F36-F44.
51. Thoresen M, Penrice J, Lorek A, et al. Mild hypothermia after severe transient hypoxia-ischemia ameliorates delayed cerebral energy failure in the newborn piglet. Pediatr Res 1995, 37:667-670.
52. Laptook A, Corbett R, Sterett R, et al. Modest hypothermia provides partial neuroprotection for ischemic neonatal brain. Pediatr Res 1994, 35:436-442.
53. Lutz NW, Kuesel AC, Hull WE A 1H-NMR method for determining temperature in cell culture perfusion systems. Magn Reson Med 1993, 29:113-118.
54. Rutherford M, Ramenghi LA, Edwards AD, et al. Assessment of brain tissue injury after moderate hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a nested substudy of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:39-45.
55. Massaro A, Rais-Bahrami K, Chang T, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Pediatr 2010, 157:499-501.
56. Boardman JP, Ganesan V, Rutherford MA, et al. Magnetic resonance image correlates of hemiparesis after neonatal and childhood middle cerebral artery stroke. Pediatrics 2005, 115:321-326.
57. Golomb MR Outcomes of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2009, 14:318-322.
58. de Vries LS, van Der GJ, van Haastert IC, Groenendaal F Prediction of outcome in new-born infants with arterial ischaemic stroke using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropediatrics 2005, 36:12-20.
59. Seghier ML, Lazeyras F, Zimine S, et al. Combination of event-related fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging in an infant with perinatal stroke. Neuroimage 2004, 21:463-472.
60. Seghier ML, Lazeyras F, Zimine S, et al. Visual recovery after perinatal stroke evidenced by functional and diffusion MRI: case report. BMC Neurol 2005, 5:17.
61. Ghazi-Birry HS, Brown WR, Moody DM, et al. Human germinal matrix: venous origin of hemorrhage and vascular characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997, 18:219-229.
62. Gould SJ, Howard S, Hope PL, Reynolds EO Periventricular intraparenchymal cerebral haemorrhage in preterm infants: the role of venous infarction. J Pathol 1987, 151:197-202.
63. Deguchi K, Oguchi K, Takashima S Characteristic neuropathology of leukomalacia in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatr Neurol 1997, 16:296-300.
64. Deguchi K, Oguchi K, Matsuura N, et al. Periventricular leukomalacia: relation to gestational age and axonal injury. Pediatr Neurol 1999, 20:370-374.
65. Hirayama A, Okoshi Y, Hachiya Y, et al. Early immunohistochemical detection of axonal damage and glial activation in extremely immature brains with periventricular leukomalacia. Clin Neuropathol 2001, 20:87-91.
66. Takashima S, Tanaka K Development of cerebrovascular architecture and its relationship to periventricular leukomalacia. Arch Neurol 1978, 35:11-16.
67. Taylor HG, Minich N, Bangert B, et al. Long-term neuropsychological outcomes of very low birth weight: associations with early risks for periventricular brain insults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004, 10:987-1004.
68. Back SA, Han BH, Luo NL, et al. Selective vulnerability of late oligodendrocyte progenitors to hypoxia ischemia. J Neurosci 2002, 22:455-463.
69. Haynes RL, Folkerth RD, Keefe RJ, et al. Nitrosative and oxidative injury to premyelinating oligodendrocytes in periventricular leukomalacia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2003, 62:441-450.
70. McQuillen PS, Sheldon RA, Shatz CJ, Ferriero DM Selective vulnerability of subplate neurons after early neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. J Neurosci 2003, 23:3308-3315.
71. Dammann O, Kuban KC, Leviton A Perinatal infection, fetal inflammatory response, white matter damage, and cognitive limitations in children born preterm. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2002, 8:46-50.
72. Lodygensky GA, West T, Stump M, et al. In vivo MRI analysis of an inflammatory injury in the developing brain. Brain Behav Immun 2010, 24:759-767.
73. Shah DK, Doyle LW, Anderson PJ, et al. Adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants with postnatal sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging at term. J Pediatr 2008, 153:170-175.
74. Marin-Padilla M Developmental neuropathology and impact of perinatal brain damage. II: white matter lesions of the neocortex. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1997, 56:219-235.
75. Folkerth RD, Trachtenberg FL, Haynes RL Oxidative injury in the cerebral cortex and subplate neurons in periventricular leukomalacia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2008, 67:677-686.
76. Gressens P, Richelme C, Kadhim HJ, et al. The germinative zone produces the most cortical astrocytes after neuronal migration in the developing mammalian brain. Biol Neonate 1992, 61:4-24.
77. Haynes RL, Billiards SS, Borenstein NS, et al. Diffuse axonal injury in periventricular leukomalacia as determined by apoptotic marker fraction. Pediatr Res 2008, 63:656-661.
78. Volpe JJ Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances. Lancet Neurol 2009, 8:110-124.
79. Volpe J Subplate neurons-missing link in brain injury of the premature infant?. Pediatrics 1996, 97:112-113.
80. Leviton A, Paneth N White matter damage in preterm newborns-an epidemiologic perspective. Early Hum Dev 1990, 24:1-22.
81. DeVries L, Eken P, Dubowitz L The spectrum of leukomalacia using cranial ultrasound. Behav Brain Res 1992, 49:1-6.
82. Childs AM, Cornette L, Ramenghi LA, et al. Magnetic resonance and cranial ultrasound characteristics of periventricular white matter abnormalities in newborn infants. Clin Radiol 2001, 56:647-655.
83. DeVries L, Eken P, Groenendaal F, et al. Correlation between the degree of periventricular leukomalacia diagnosed using cranial ultrasound and MRI later in infancy in children with cerebral palsy. Neuropediatrics 1993, 24:263-268.
84. Inder TE, Anderson NJ, Spencer C, et al. White matter injury in the premature infant: a comparison between serial cranial sonographic and MR findings at term. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003, 24:805-809.
85. Maalouf EF, Duggan PJ, Counsell SJ, et al. Comparison of findings on cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in preterm infants. Pediatrics 2001, 107:719-727.
86. Rijn AM, Groenendaal F, Beek FJ, et al. Parenchymal brain injury in the preterm infant: comparison of cranial ultrasound, MRI and neurodevelopmental outcome. Neuropediatrics 2001, 32:80-89.
87. Huppi PS Advances in postnatal neuroimaging: relevance to pathogenesis and treatment of brain injury. Clin Perinatol 2002, 29:827-856.
88. Maalouf EF, Duggan PJ, Rutherford MA, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in a cohort of extremely preterm infants8. J Pediatr 1999, 135:351-357.
89. Aida N, Nishimura G, Hachiya Y, et al. MR Imaging of perinatal brain damage: Comparison of clinical outcome with initial and follow-up findings. Am. J Neuroradiol 1998, 19:1909-1921.
90. de Vries LS, Groenendaal F, van Haastert IC, et al. Asymmetrical myelination of the posterior limb of the internal capsule in infants with periventricular haemorrhagic infarction: an early predictor of hemiplegia. Neuropediatrics 1999, 30:314-319.
91. Schouman-Claeys E, Henry-Feugeas MC, Roset F, et al. Periventricular leukomalacia: correlation between MR imaging and autopsy findings during the first 2 months of life. Radiology 1993, 189:59-64.
92. Counsell SJ, Allsop JM, Harrison MC, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain in preterm infants with focal and diffuse white matter abnormality. Pediatrics 2003, 112:1-7.
93. Dyet LE, Kennea N, Counsell SJ, et al. Natural history of brain lesions in extremely preterm infants studied with serial magnetic resonance imaging from birth and neurodevelopmental assessment. Pediatrics 2006, 118:536-548.
94. Inder TE, Huppi PS, Zientara GP, et al. Early detection of periventricular leukomalacia by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging techniques. J Pediatr 1999, 134:631-634.
95. Hüppi P, Murphy B, Maier S, et al. Microstructural brain development after perinatal cerebral white matter injury assessed by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatrics 2001, 107:455-460.
96. Miller SP, Vigneron DB, Henry RG, et al. Serial quantitative diffusion tensor MRI of the premature brain: development in newborns with and without injury. J Magn Reson Imaging 2002, 16:621-632.
97. Counsell SJ, Shen Y, Boardman JP, et al. Axial and radial diffusivity in preterm infants who have diffuse white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age. Pediatrics 2006, 117:376-386.
98. Mazumdar A, Mukherjee P, Miller JH, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of acute corticospinal tract injury preceding Wallerian degeneration in the maturing human brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003, 24:1057-1066.
99. Groenendaal F, van de Grond J, Eken P, et al. Early cerebral proton MRS and neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with cystic leukomalacia. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997, 39:373-379.
100. Robertson N, Kuint J, Counsell T, et al. Characterization of cerebral white matter damage in the preterm infant using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000, 20:1446-1456.
101. Pellerin L, Pellegri G, Martin J, Magistretti P Expression of monocarboxylate transporter mRNAs in mouse brain: support for a distinct role of lactate as an energy substrate for the neonatal vs. the adult brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998, 95:3990-3995.
102. Hüppi P, Warfield S, Kikinis R, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of brain development in premature and mature newborns. Ann Neurol 1998, 43:224-235.
103. Inder TE, Warfield SK, Wang H, et al. Abnormal cerebral structure is present at term in premature infants4. Pediatrics 2005, 115:286-294.
104. Gui L, Lisowski R, Faundez T, et al. Biomedical imaging: from nano to macro. Presented at the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Automatic Segmentation of Newborn Brain MRI Using Mathematical Morphology. March 30 to April 2, 2011.
105. Prastawa M, Gilmore JH, Lin W, Gerig G Automatic segmentation of MR images of the developing newborn brain. Med Image Anal 2005, 9:457-466.
106. Inder T, Hüppi P, Warfield S, et al. Periventricular white matter injury in the premature infant is associated with a reduction in cerebral cortical gray matter volume at term. Ann Neurol 1999, 46:755-760.
107. Zacharia A, Zimine S, Lovblad KO, et al. Early assessment of brain maturation by MR imaging segmentation in neonates and premature infants. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006, 27:972-977.
108. Mewes AU, Huppi PS, Als H, et al. Regional brain development in serial magnetic resonance imaging of low-risk preterm infants. Pediatrics 2006, 118:23-33.
109. Limperopoulos C, Soul JS, Gauvreau K, et al. Late gestation cerebellar growth is rapid and impeded by premature birth1. Pediatrics 2005, 115:688-695.
110. Limperopoulos C, Soul JS, Haidar H, et al. Impaired trophic interactions between the cerebellum and the cerebrum among preterm infants. Pediatrics 2005, 116:844-850.
111. Lodygensky GA, Rademaker K, Zimine S, et al. Structural and functional brain development after hydrocortisone treatment for neonatal chronic lung disease. Pediatrics 2005, 116:1-7.
112. Martinussen M, Fischl B, Larsson HB, et al. Cerebral cortex thickness in 15-year-old adolescents with low birth weight measured by an automated MRI-based method. Brain 2005, 128:2588-2596.
113. Isaacs EB, Edmonds CJ, Chong WK, et al. Brain morphometry and IQ measurements in preterm children. Brain 2004, 127:2595-2607.
114. Gimenez M, Junque C, Vendrell P, et al. Abnormal orbitofrontal development due to prematurity. Neurology 2006, 67:1818-1822.
115. Kesler SR, Reiss AL, Vohr B, et al. Brain volume reductions within multiple cognitive systems in male preterm children at age twelve. J Pediatr 2008, 152:513-520.
116. Ment LR, Kesler S, Vohr B, et al. Longitudinal brain volume changes in preterm and term control subjects during late childhood and adolescence. Pediatrics 2009, 123:503-511.
117. Soria-Pastor S, Gimenez M, Narberhaus A, et al. Patterns of cerebral white matter damage and cognitive impairment in adolescents born very preterm. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008, 26:647-654.
118. Dubois J, Benders M, Borradori-Tolsa C, et al. Primary cortical folding in the human newborn: an early marker of later functional development. Brain 2008, 131:2028-2041.
119. Dubois J, Benders M, Cachia A, et al. Mapping the early cortical folding process in the preterm newborn brain. Cereb Cortex 2007, 18:1444-1454.
120. Hill J, Dierker D, Neil J, et al. A surface-based analysis of hemispheric asymmetries and folding of cerebral cortex in term-born human infants. J Neurosci 2010, 30:2268-2276.
121. Hill J, Inder T, Neil J, et al. Similar patterns of cortical expansion during human development and evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107:13135-13140.
122. Lodygensky GA, Vasung L, Sizonenko SV, Huppi PS Neuroimaging of cortical development and brain connectivity in human newborns and animal models. J Anat 2010, 217:418-428.
123. Ment LR, Hirtz D, Huppi PS Imaging biomarkers of outcome in the developing preterm brain. Lancet Neurol 2009, 8:1042-1055.