Precancerous colorectal lesions (Review)

International Journal of Oncology

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 973-984

  Conteduca, Vincenza ^a   Sansonno, Domenico ^b   Russi, Sabino ^b   Dammacco, Franco ^b  

^a DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL ONCOLOGY   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Adenoma; Colorectal cancer; Intestinal polyps; Malignant transformation; Precancerous lesions; Tumor prevention

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; BETA CAROTENE; CALCIUM; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; FOLIC ACID; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PROTEIN P53; SELENIUM; SEX HORMONE; SOMATOMEDIN; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN; VITAMIN D;

ADENOMATOUS POLYP; BARIUM ENEMA; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER RISK; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER STEM CELL; CARCINOGENESIS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; COLON ADENOMA; COLON POLYPOSIS; COLON RESECTION; COLONOSCOPY; COLORECTAL ADENOMA; COLORECTAL CANCER; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; COLORECTAL TUMOR; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC COLONOGRAPHY; CPG ISLAND; EARLY CANCER; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ENTERITIS; FAMILIAL COLON POLYPOSIS; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC DISORDER; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE CORRELATION; HEREDITARY NONPOLYPOSIS COLORECTAL CANCER; HETEROZYGOSITY LOSS; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INVASIVE CARCINOMA; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; METASTASIS; OBESITY; PEUTZ JEGHERS SYNDROME; POLYPECTOMY; PRECANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCTOCOLECTOMY; RECTUM ADENOMA; REVIEW; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE; ULCERATIVE COLITIS;

ADENOMA; ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMANS; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES; PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME; PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84882318210     PISSN: 10196439     EISSN: 17912423     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2041     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. American Cancer Society: Colorectal Cancer Facts & Figures 2011-2013. American Cancer Society Inc., Atlanta, GA, 2011.
2. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 61: 69-90, 2011.
3. Conteduca V, Sansonno D, Ingravallo G, Marangi S, Russi S, Lauletta G and Dammacco F: Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer: an overview. Int J Oncol 41: 414-424, 2012.
4. Conteduca V, Sansonno D, Lauletta G, Russi S, Ingravallo G and Dammacco F: H. pylori infection and gastric cancer: state of the art (Review). Int J Oncol 42: 5-18, 2013.
5. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Colorectal Cancer screening, 2013.
6. Levine JS and Ahnen DJ: Adenomatous polyps of the colon. N Engl J Med 355: 2551-2557, 2006.
7. Leggett B and Whitehall V: Role of the serrated pathway in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 138: 2088-2100, 2010.
8. Fujita K, Yamamoto H, Matsumoto T, et al: Sessile serrated adenoma with early neoplastic progression: a clinicopathologic and molecular study: Am J Surg Pathol 35: 295-304, 2011.
9. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Fletcher RH, et al: Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after polypectomy: a consensus update by the US Multi Society Task Force on colorectal cancer and the American Cancer Society. Gastroenterology 130: 1872-1885, 2006.
10. Martínez ME, Baron JA, Lieberman DA, et al: A pooled analysis of advanced colorectal neoplasia diagnoses after colonoscopic polypectomy. Gastroenterology 136: 832-841, 2009.
11. Rizzo A, Pallone F, Monteleone G, et al: Intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer: a double-edged sword? World J Gastroenterol 17: 3092-3100, 2011.
12. Butterworth AS, Higgins JP and Pharoah P: Relative and absolute risk of colorectal cancer for individuals with a family history: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 42: 216-227, 2006.
13. Jasperson KW, Tuohy TM, Neklason DW, et al: Hereditary and familial colon cancer. Gastroenterology 138: 2044-2058, 2010.
14. Lynch HT and de la Chapelle A: Hereditary colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 348: 919-932, 2003.
15. Stoffel E, Mukherjee B, Raymond VM, et al: Calculation of risk of colorectal and endometrial cancer among patients with Lynch syndrome. Gastroenterology 137: 1621-1627, 2009.
16. Galiatsatos P and Foulkes WD: Familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Gastroenterol 101: 385-398, 2006.
17. Lubbe SJ, Di Bernardo MC, Chandler IP, et al: Clinical implications of the colorectal cancer risk associated with MUTYH mutation. J Clin Oncol 27: 3975-3980, 2009.
18. McGarrity TJ and Amos C: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: clinicopathology and molecular alterations. Cell Mol Life Sci 63: 2135-2144, 2006.
19. Brosens LA, van Hattem A, Hylind LM, et al: Risk of colorectal cancer in juvenile polyposis. Gut 56: 965-967, 2007.
20. Boparai KS, Mathus-Vliegen EM, Koornstra JJ, et al: Increased colorectal cancer risk during follow-up in patients with hyperplastic polyposis syndrome: a multicentre cohort study. Gut 59: 1098-1100, 2010.
21. Alexander DD, Weed DL, Cushing CA, et al: Meta-analysis of prospective studies of red meat consumption and colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 20: 293-307, 2011.
22. Park JY, Mitrou PN, Dahm CC, et al: Baseline alcohol consumption, type of alcoholic beverage and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk study. Cancer Epidemiol 33: 347-354, 2009.
23. Kant P and Hull MA: Excess body weight and obesity-the link with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 8: 224-238, 2011.
24. Giouleme O, Diamantidis MD and Katsaros MG: Is diabetes a causal agent for colorectal cancer? Pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 17: 444-448, 2011.
25. Jin P, Lu XJ, Sheng JQ, et al: Estrogen stimulates the expression of mismatch repair gene hMLH1 in colonic epithelial cells. Cancer Prev Res 3: 910-916, 2010.
26. Ullman TA and Itzkowitz SH: Intestinal inflammation and cancer. Gastroenterology 140: 1807-1816, 2011.
27. Gallimore AM and Godkin A: Epithelial barriers, microbiota, and colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 368: 3, 2013.
28. Markowitz SD and Bertagnolli MM: Molecular basis of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 361: 2449-2460, 2009.
29. Pino MS and Chung DC: The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer. Gastroenterology 138: 2059-2072, 2010.
30. Hewish M, Lord CJ, Martin SA, et al: Mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer in the era of personalized treatment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 7: 197-208, 2010.
31. Ligtenberg MJ, Kuiper RD, Chan TL, et al: Heritable somatic methylation and inactivation of MSH2 in families with Lynch syndrome due to deletion of the 3' exons of TACSTD1. Nat Genet 41: 112-117, 2009.
32. Pritchard CC and Grady WM: Colorectal cancer molecular biology moves into clinical practice. Gut 60: 116-129, 2011.
33. Weisenberger DJ, Siegmund KD, Campan M, et al: CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 38: 787-793, 2006.
34. Hinoue T, Weisenberger DJ, Pan F, et al: Analysis of the association between CIMP and BRAF in colorectal cancer by DNA methylation profiling. PLoS One 4: e8357, 2009.
35. Powell S, Zilz N, Beazer-Barclay Y, et al: APC mutations occur early during colorectal tumorigenesis. Nature 359: 235-237, 1992.
36. Cottrell S, Bicknell D, Kaklamanis L, et al: Molecular analysis of APC mutations in familial adenomatous polyposis and sporadic colon carcinomas. Lancet 340: 626-630, 1992.
37. Nieuwenhuis MH and Vasen HF: Correlations between mutation site in APC and phenotype of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): a review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 61: 153-161, 2007.
38. Rennert G, Almog R, Tomsho LP, et al: Colorectal polyps in carriers of the APC I1307K polymorphism. Dis Colon Rectum 48: 2317-2321, 2005.
39. Kim YS and Deng G: Epigenetic changes (aberrant DNA methylation) in colorectal neoplasia. Gut Liver 1: 1-11, 2007.
40. Goss KH and Groden J: Biology of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor. J Clin Oncol 18: 1967-1979, 2000.
41. Greenhough A, Smartt HJ, Moore AE, et al: The COX-2/PGE2 pathway: key roles in the hallmarks of cancer and adaptation to the tumour microenvironment. Carcinogenesis 30: 377-386, 2009.
42. Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, et al: Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med 319: 525-532, 1988.
43. Todaro M, Francipane MG, Medema JP, et al: Colon cancer stem cells: promise of targeted therapy. Gastroenterology 138: 2151-2162, 2010.
44. Zeki SS, Graham TA and Wright NA: Stem cells and their implications for colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 8: 90-100, 2011.
45. Rabeneck L, Paszat LF, Saskin R, et al: Association between colonoscopy rates and colorectal cancer mortality. Am J Gastroenterol 105: 1627-1632, 2010.
46. Levin B, Lieberman DA, McFarland B, et al: Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. Gastroenterology 134: 1570-1595, 2008.
47. Johnson CD, Chen MH, Toledano AY, et al: Accuracy of CT colonography for detection of large adenomas and cancers. N Engl J Med 359: 1207-1217, 2008.
48. Laghi A, Iafrate F, Rengo M, et al: Colorectal cancer screening: The role of CT colonography. World J Gastroenterol 16: 3987-3994, 2010.
49. Pickhardt PJ and Kim DH: Performance of CT colonography for detecting small, diminutive, and flat polyps. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 20: 209-226, 2010.
50. Atkin WS, Edwards R, Kralj-Hans I, et al: Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 375: 1624-1633, 2010.
51. Hewitson P, Glasziou P, Watson E, et al: Cochrane systematic review of colorectal cancer screening using the fecal occult blood test (hemoccult): an update. Am J Gastroenterol 103: 1541-1549, 2008.
52. Vasen HF, Watson P, Mecklin JP, et al: New clinical criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome) proposed by the International Collaborative group on HNPCC. Gastroenterology 116: 1453-1456, 1999.
53. Umar A, Boland CR, Terdiman JP, et al: Revised Bethesda guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability. J Natl Cancer Inst 96: 261-268, 2004.
54. Berg AO, Armstrong K, Botkin J, et al: Recommendations from the EGAPP Working Group: genetic testing strategies in newly diagnosed individuals with colorectal cancer aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from Lynch syndrome in relatives. Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention (EGAPP) Working Group. Genet Med 11: 35-41, 2009.
55. Beggs AD, Latchford AR, Vasen HF, et al: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a systematic review and recommendations for management. Gut 59: 975-986, 2010.
56. Brosens LA, Langeveld D and van Hattem WA: Juvenile polyposis syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 17: 4839-4844, 2011.
57. Imperiale TF , Ransohoff DF , Itzkowitz SH, et al: Fecal DNA versus fecal occult blood for colorectal-cancer screening in an average-risk population. N Engl J Med 351: 2704-2714, 2004.
58. Ahlquist DA: Next-generation stool DNA testing: expanding the scope. Gastroenterology 136: 2068-2073, 2009.
59. Ahlquist DA, Sargent DJ, Loprinzi CL, et al: Stool DNA and occult blood testing for screen detection of colorectal neoplasia. Ann Intern Med 149: 441-450, 2008.
60. Van Gossum A Munoz-Navas M, Fernandez-Urien I, et al: Capsule endoscopy versus colonoscopy for the detection of polyps and cancer. N Engl J Med 361: 264-270, 2009.
61. Brenner H, MD, Chang-Claude J, Seiler CM, et al: Protection from colorectal cancer after colonoscopy. A population-based, case-control study. Ann Intern Med 154: 22-30, 2011.
62. Ferrara F, Luigiano C, Ghersi S, et al: Efficacy, safety and outcomes of 'inject and cut' endoscopic mucosal resection for large sessile and flat colorectal polyps. Digestion 82: 213-220, 2010.
63. Kirkegaard H, Johnsen NF, Christensen J, et al: Association of adherence to lifestyle recommendations and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective Danish cohort study. BMJ 341: c5504, 2010.
64. Manson JE, Mayne ST and Clinton SK: Vitamin D and prevention of cancer-ready for prime time? N Engl J Med 364: 1385-1387, 2011.
65. Park Y, Spiegelman D, Hunter DJ, et al: Intakes of vitamins A, C, and E and use of multiple vitamin supplements and risk of colon cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. Cancer Causes Control 21: 1745-1757, 2010.
66. Kennedy DA, Stern SJ, Moretti M, et al: Folate intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 35: 2-10, 2011.
67. Chan AT: Aspirin and familial adenomatous polyposis: coming full circle. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 4: 623-627, 2011.
68. Cole BF, Logan RF, Halabi S, et al: Aspirin for chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas: meta-analysis of the randomised trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 101: 256-266, 2009.
69. Tsujii M: Search for novel target molecules for the effective treatment or prevention of colorectal cancer. Digestion 85: 99-102, 2012.
70. Rothwell PM, Wilson M, Elwin CE, et al: Long-term effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 20-year follow-up of five randomised trials. Lancet 376: 1741-1750, 2010.
71. Long MD, Martin CF, Galanko JA, et al: Hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptive use and distal large bowel cancer: a population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 105: 1843-1850, 2010.
72. Baron JA: Statins and the colorectum: hope for chemoprevention? Cancer Prev Res 3: 573-575, 2010.
73. Chan AT and Giovannucci EL: Primary prevention of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 138: 2029-2043, 2010.
74. Chu E: An update on the current and emerging targeted agents in metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 11: 1-13, 2012.
75. Parry S, Win AK, Parry B, et al: Metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: the advantage of more extensive colon surgery. Gut 60: 950-957, 2011.
76. Obermair A, Youlden DR, Young JP, et al: Risk of endometrial cancer for women diagnosed with HNPCC-related colorectal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 127: 2678-2684, 2010.
77. Arber N, Spicak J, Rácz I, et al: Five-year analysis of the prevention of colorectal sporadic adenomatous polyps trial. Am J Gastroenterol 106: 1135-1346, 2011.
78. Bolocan A, Ion D, Stoian RV, et al: MAP syndrome (MYH associated polyposis) colorectal cancer, etiopathological connections. J Med Life 4: 109-111, 2011.