메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 290-303

A functional comparison of productivity in even-aged and multiaged stands: A synthesis for Pinus ponderosa

Author keywords

Growing space efficiency; Growth efficiency; Leaf area index; Ponderosa pine; Selection silviculture; Uneven aged

Indexed keywords

PRODUCTIVITY;

EID: 33744989738     PISSN: 0015749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (78)
  • 4
    • 0010364935 scopus 로고
    • Production and financial comparisons of uneven-aged and even-aged management of loblolly pine
    • USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-42
    • BAKER, J.B. 1987. Production and financial comparisons of uneven-aged and even-aged management of loblolly pine. P. 267-273 in Proceedings of the 4th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-42.
    • (1987) Proceedings of the 4th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference , pp. 267-273
    • Baker, J.B.1
  • 5
    • 0034254163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants
    • BOND, B.J. 2000. Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants. Trends Plant Sci. 5:349-353.
    • (2000) Trends Plant Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 349-353
    • Bond, B.J.1
  • 6
    • 0033168656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stomatal behavior of four woody species in relation to leaf-specific hydraulic conductance and threshold water potential
    • BOND, B.J., AND K.L. KAVANAGH. 1999. Stomatal behavior of four woody species in relation to leaf-specific hydraulic conductance and threshold water potential. Tree Physiol. 19:503-510.
    • (1999) Tree Physiol. , vol.19 , pp. 503-510
    • Bond, B.J.1    Kavanagh, K.L.2
  • 7
    • 12644288255 scopus 로고
    • A fallacy in the theory of growing stock
    • BOURNE, R. 1951. A fallacy in the theory of growing stock. For. 24:6-18.
    • (1951) For. , vol.24 , pp. 6-18
    • Bourne, R.1
  • 8
    • 0031449134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific responses of planted seedlings to light availability in interior British Columbia: Survival growth, allometric patterns, and specific leaf area
    • CHEN, H.Y.H. 1997. Interspecific responses of planted seedlings to light availability in interior British Columbia: Survival growth, allometric patterns, and specific leaf area. Can. J. For. Res. 27:1383-1393.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 1383-1393
    • Chen, H.Y.H.1
  • 10
    • 0001654383 scopus 로고
    • Seed-source variation in water relations, gas exchange, and needle morphology of mature ponderosa pine trees
    • CREGG, B.M. 1993. Seed-source variation in water relations, gas exchange, and needle morphology of mature ponderosa pine trees. Can. J. For. Res. 23:749-755.
    • (1993) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 749-755
    • Cregg, B.M.1
  • 11
    • 0000577276 scopus 로고
    • Water relations of loblolly pine trees in southeastern Oklahoma following precommercial thinning
    • CREGG, B.M., T.C. HENNESSEY, AND P.M. DOUGHERTY. 1990. Water relations of loblolly pine trees in southeastern Oklahoma following precommercial thinning. Can. J. For. Res. 20:1508-1513.
    • (1990) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 1508-1513
    • Cregg, B.M.1    Hennessey, T.C.2    Dougherty, P.M.3
  • 12
    • 33744992154 scopus 로고
    • Growth and yield in uneven-aged stands
    • USDA For. Serv. Gen Tech. Rep. WO-24. 234 p
    • CURTIS, R.O. 1978. Growth and yield in uneven-aged stands. P. 186-201 in Uneven-aged silviculture & management in the United States. USDA For. Serv. Gen Tech. Rep. WO-24. 234 p.
    • (1978) Uneven-Aged Silviculture & Management in the United States , pp. 186-201
    • Curtis, R.O.1
  • 13
    • 0002701536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LOGS: A pioneering example of silvicultural research in coast Douglas-fir
    • CURTIS, R.O., D.D. MARSHALL, AND J.F. BELL. 1997. LOGS: A pioneering example of silvicultural research in coast Douglas-fir. J. For. 95(7): 19-25.
    • (1997) J. For. , vol.95 , Issue.7 , pp. 19-25
    • Curtis, R.O.1    Marshall, D.D.2    Bell, J.F.3
  • 14
    • 0022855364 scopus 로고
    • Water stress response after thinning Pinus contorta stands in Montana
    • DONNER, B.L., AND S.W. RUNNING. 1986. Water stress response after thinning Pinus contorta stands in Montana. For. Sci. 32:614-625.
    • (1986) For. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 614-625
    • Donner, B.L.1    Running, S.W.2
  • 16
    • 0030613978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining reference conditions for ecosystem management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests
    • FULÉ, P.Z., W.W. COVINGTON, AND M.M. MOORE. 1997. Determining reference conditions for ecosystem management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Ecol. Appl. 7:895-908.
    • (1997) Ecol. Appl. , vol.7 , pp. 895-908
    • Fulé, P.Z.1    Covington, W.W.2    Moore, M.M.3
  • 17
    • 0035076009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in physiological attributes of ponderosa pine from seedling to mature tree
    • GRULKE, N.B., AND W.A. RETZLAFF. 2001. Changes in physiological attributes of ponderosa pine from seedling to mature tree. Tree Physiol. 21:275-286.
    • (2001) Tree Physiol. , vol.21 , pp. 275-286
    • Grulke, N.B.1    Retzlaff, W.A.2
  • 18
    • 0010360954 scopus 로고
    • Yield comparisons from even-aged and uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf pine stands
    • GULDIN, J.M., AND J.B. BAKER. 1988. Yield comparisons from even-aged and uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf pine stands. South. J. Appl. For. 12:107-114.
    • (1988) South. J. Appl. For. , vol.12 , pp. 107-114
    • Guldin, J.M.1    Baker, J.B.2
  • 19
    • 0023471850 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the efficiency of even-aged and uneven-aged stand management
    • HAIGHT, R.G. 1987. Evaluating the efficiency of even-aged and uneven-aged stand management. For. Sci. 33:116-134.
    • (1987) For. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 116-134
    • Haight, R.G.1
  • 20
    • 0025225219 scopus 로고
    • Optimizing any-aged management of mixed-species stands. II. Effects of decision criteria
    • HAIGHT, R.G., AND R.A. MONSERUD. 1990. Optimizing any-aged management of mixed-species stands. II. Effects of decision criteria. For. Sci. 36:125-144.
    • (1990) For. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 125-144
    • Haight, R.G.1    Monserud, R.A.2
  • 21
    • 0036422735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative economic investigations of even-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems: A critical analysis of different methods
    • HANEWINKEL, M. 2002. Comparative economic investigations of even-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems: A critical analysis of different methods. For. 75:473-481.
    • (2002) For. , vol.75 , pp. 473-481
    • Hanewinkel, M.1
  • 22
    • 0002097748 scopus 로고
    • Initial shock and long-term stand development following thinning in a Douglas-fir plantation
    • HARRINGTON, C.A., AND D.L. REUKEMA. 1983. Initial shock and long-term stand development following thinning in a Douglas-fir plantation. For. Sci. 29:33-46.
    • (1983) For. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 33-46
    • Harrington, C.A.1    Reukema, D.L.2
  • 23
    • 0000312813 scopus 로고
    • A simulated comparison of yields for even- versus uneven-aged management of northern hardwood stands
    • HASSE, W.D., AND A.R. EK. 1981. A simulated comparison of yields for even- versus uneven-aged management of northern hardwood stands. J. Environ. Manage. 12:235-246.
    • (1981) J. Environ. Manage. , vol.12 , pp. 235-246
    • Hasse, W.D.1    Ek, A.R.2
  • 24
    • 0004092566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD. 210p
    • HELMS, J. A. 1998. The dictionary of forestry. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD. 210p.
    • (1998) The Dictionary of Forestry
    • Helms, J.A.1
  • 25
    • 33745010153 scopus 로고
    • Selecting silvicultural systems for timber
    • Baumgartner, D.M., and J.E. Lotan (eds.). Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Pullman, WA. 281 p
    • HELMS, J.A., AND J.E. LOTAN. 1988. Selecting silvicultural systems for timber. P. 221-225 in Ponderosa pine: The species and its management. Baumgartner, D.M., and J.E. Lotan (eds.). Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Pullman, WA. 281 p.
    • (1988) Ponderosa Pine: The Species and Its Management , pp. 221-225
    • Helms, J.A.1    Lotan, J.E.2
  • 26
    • 0033103254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that hydraulic conductance limits photosynthesis in old Pinus ponderosa trees
    • HUBBARD, R.M., B.J. BOND, AND M.G. RYAN. 1999. Evidence that hydraulic conductance limits photosynthesis in old Pinus ponderosa trees. Tree Physiol. 19:165-172.
    • (1999) Tree Physiol. , vol.19 , pp. 165-172
    • Hubbard, R.M.1    Bond, B.J.2    Ryan, M.G.3
  • 27
    • 0031859599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of ponderosa pine foliar physiology and insect resistance mechanisms by basal area treatments
    • KOLB, T.E., K.M. HOLMBERG, M.R. WAGNER, AND J.E. STONE. 1998. Regulation of ponderosa pine foliar physiology and insect resistance mechanisms by basal area treatments. Tree Physiol. 18:375-381.
    • (1998) Tree Physiol. , vol.18 , pp. 375-381
    • Kolb, T.E.1    Holmberg, K.M.2    Wagner, M.R.3    Stone, J.E.4
  • 28
    • 0032812776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaf area and tree increment dynamics of even-aged and multiaged lodgepole pine stands in Montana
    • KOLLENBERG, C.L., AND K.L. O'HARA. 1999. Leaf area and tree increment dynamics of even-aged and multiaged lodgepole pine stands in Montana. Can. J. For. Res. 29:687-695.
    • (1999) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 687-695
    • Kollenberg, C.L.1    O'Hara, K.L.2
  • 30
    • 0028165922 scopus 로고
    • Structure and yield of all-sized conifer-dominated stands on fertile sites
    • LÄHDE, E., O. LAIHO, Y. NOROKORPI, AND T. SAKSA. 1994a. Structure and yield of all-sized conifer-dominated stands on fertile sites. Ann. Sci. For. 51:97-109.
    • (1994) Ann. Sci. For. , vol.51 , pp. 97-109
    • Lähde, E.1    Laiho, O.2    Norokorpi, Y.3    Saksa, T.4
  • 31
    • 0028165924 scopus 로고
    • Structure and yield of all-sized and even-sized Scots pine-dominated stands
    • LÄHDE, E., O. LAIHO, Y. NOROKORPI, AND T. SAKSA. 1994b. Structure and yield of all-sized and even-sized Scots pine-dominated stands. Ann. Sci. For. 51:111-120.
    • (1994) Ann. Sci. For. , vol.51 , pp. 111-120
    • Lähde, E.1    Laiho, O.2    Norokorpi, Y.3    Saksa, T.4
  • 35
    • 0033827852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and diameter structure of a managed uneven-aged forest
    • LOEWENSTEIN, E.L., P.S. JOHNSON, AND H.E. GARRETT. 2000. Age and diameter structure of a managed uneven-aged forest. Can. J. For. Res. 30:1060-1070.
    • (2000) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 1060-1070
    • Loewenstein, E.L.1    Johnson, P.S.2    Garrett, H.E.3
  • 36
    • 0032409407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crown structure and growth efficiency of red spruce in uneven-aged, mixed-species stands in Maine
    • MAGUIRE, D.A., J.C. BRISSETTE, AND L. GU. 1998. Crown structure and growth efficiency of red spruce in uneven-aged, mixed-species stands in Maine. Can. J. For. Res. 28:1233-1240.
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 1233-1240
    • Maguire, D.A.1    Brissette, J.C.2    Gu, L.3
  • 37
    • 0037285329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foliage height influences specific leaf area of three conifer species
    • MARSHALL, J.D., AND R.A. MONSERUD. 2003. Foliage height influences specific leaf area of three conifer species. Can. J. For. Res. 33:164-170.
    • (2003) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.33 , pp. 164-170
    • Marshall, J.D.1    Monserud, R.A.2
  • 40
    • 0035722946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of stand structure on ecophysiological leaf characteristics of Pinus ponderosa in western Montana
    • NAGEL, L.M., AND K.L. O'HARA. 2001. The influence of stand structure on ecophysiological leaf characteristics of Pinus ponderosa in western Montana. Can. J. For. Res. 31:2173-2182.
    • (2001) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.31 , pp. 2173-2182
    • Nagel, L.M.1    O'Hara, K.L.2
  • 41
    • 0036587097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal fluctuations of gas exchange and water potential in different stand structures of Pinus ponderosa
    • NAGEL, L.M., AND K.L. O'HARA. 2002. Diurnal fluctuations of gas exchange and water potential in different stand structures of Pinus ponderosa. Trees: Structure and Function. 16:281-290.
    • (2002) Trees: Structure and Function , vol.16 , pp. 281-290
    • Nagel, L.M.1    O'Hara, K.L.2
  • 43
    • 0024258839 scopus 로고
    • Stand structure and growing space efficiency following thinning in an even-aged Douglas-fir stand
    • O'HARA, K.L. 1988. Stand structure and growing space efficiency following thinning in an even-aged Douglas-fir stand. Can. J. For. Res. 18:859-866.
    • (1988) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 859-866
    • O'Hara, K.L.1
  • 44
    • 0024943548 scopus 로고
    • Stand growing space efficiency in a Douglas-fir thinning trial
    • O'HARA, K.L. 1989. Stand growing space efficiency in a Douglas-fir thinning trial. For. 62:409-418.
    • (1989) For. , vol.62 , pp. 409-418
    • O'Hara, K.L.1
  • 45
    • 0030453310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and stocking-level relationships of multi-aged ponderosa pine stands
    • 34 p
    • O'HARA, K.L. 1996. Dynamics and stocking-level relationships of multi-aged ponderosa pine stands. For. Sci. 42(4, Suppl. 33). 34 p.
    • (1996) For. Sci. , vol.42 , Issue.4 SUPPL. 33
    • O'Hara, K.L.1
  • 46
    • 84896551598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silviculture for structural diversity: A new look at multiaged systems
    • O'HARA, K.L. 1998. Silviculture for structural diversity: A new look at multiaged systems. J. For. 96(7):4-10.
    • (1998) J. For. , vol.96 , Issue.7 , pp. 4-10
    • O'Hara, K.L.1
  • 47
    • 0036421595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The historical development of uneven-aged silviculture in North America
    • O'HARA, K.L. 2002. The historical development of uneven-aged silviculture in North America. For. 75:339-346.
    • (2002) For. , vol.75 , pp. 339-346
    • O'Hara, K.L.1
  • 48
    • 0032825411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth efficiency of Pinus radiata stand elements: Implications for stand growth modeling strategies
    • O'HARA, K.L., R.L. KNOWLES, M. DEAN, G.G. WEST, AND I. MCINNES. 1998. Growth efficiency of Pinus radiata stand elements: Implications for stand growth modeling strategies. N.Z.J. For. Sci. 28(3):373-388.
    • (1998) N.Z.J. For. Sci. , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-388
    • O'Hara, K.L.1    Knowles, R.L.2    Dean, M.3    West, G.G.4    McInnes, I.5
  • 49
    • 7744236409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiaged stocking model for Black Hills ponderosa pine
    • O'HARA, K.L., AND L.M. NAGEL. 2004. A multiaged stocking model for Black Hills ponderosa pine. West. J. Appl. For. 19:242-244.
    • (2004) West. J. Appl. For. , vol.19 , pp. 242-244
    • O'Hara, K.L.1    Nagel, L.M.2
  • 50
    • 0033553830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masam - A flexible stand density management model for meeting diverse structural objectives in multiaged stands
    • O'HARA, K.L., AND N.I. VALAPPIL. 1999. Masam-A flexible stand density management model for meeting diverse structural objectives in multiaged stands. For. Ecol. Manage. 118:57-71.
    • (1999) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.118 , pp. 57-71
    • O'Hara, K.L.1    Valappil, N.I.2
  • 52
    • 0026442962 scopus 로고
    • Competition for resources between understory vegetation and overstory Pinus ponderosa in northeastern Oregon
    • RIEGEL, G.M., R.F. MILLER, AND W.C. KRUEGER. 1992. Competition for resources between understory vegetation and overstory Pinus ponderosa in northeastern Oregon. Ecol. Applic. 2(1):71-85.
    • (1992) Ecol. Applic. , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-85
    • Riegel, G.M.1    Miller, R.F.2    Krueger, W.C.3
  • 53
    • 0000640962 scopus 로고
    • The effects of aboveground and belowground competition on understory species composition in a Pinus ponderosa forest
    • RIEGEL, G.M., R.F. MILLER, AND W.C. KRUEGER. 1995. The effects of aboveground and belowground competition on understory species composition in a Pinus ponderosa forest. For. Sci. 41(4):864-889.
    • (1995) For. Sci. , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 864-889
    • Riegel, G.M.1    Miller, R.F.2    Krueger, W.C.3
  • 55
    • 77956726671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related decline in forest productivity: Pattern and process
    • RYAN, M.G., D. BINKLEY, AND J.H. FOWNES. 1997. Age-related decline in forest productivity: Pattern and process. Adv. Ecol. Res. 27:213-262.
    • (1997) Adv. Ecol. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 213-262
    • Ryan, M.G.1    Binkley, D.2    Fownes, J.H.3
  • 57
    • 0030021428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of canopy net photosynthesis and transpiration in Quercus ilex L. under the influence of seasonal drought
    • SALA, A., AND J.D. TENHUNEN. 1996. Simulations of canopy net photosynthesis and transpiration in Quercus ilex L. under the influence of seasonal drought. Agric. For. Meteorol. 78:203-222.
    • (1996) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.78 , pp. 203-222
    • Sala, A.1    Tenhunen, J.D.2
  • 58
    • 0025954214 scopus 로고
    • Water potential in ponderosa pine stands of different growing-stock levels
    • SCHMID, J.M., S.A. MATA, R.K. WATKINS, AND M.R. KAUFMANN. 1991. Water potential in ponderosa pine stands of different growing-stock levels. Can. J. For. Res. 21:750-755.
    • (1991) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 750-755
    • Schmid, J.M.1    Mata, S.A.2    Watkins, R.K.3    Kaufmann, M.R.4
  • 59
    • 0036943196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of age on growth efficiency of Tsuga canadensis and Picea rubens trees in mixed-species, multiaged northern conifer stands
    • SEYMOUR, R.S., AND L.S. KENEFIC. 2002. Influence of age on growth efficiency of Tsuga canadensis and Picea rubens trees in mixed-species, multiaged northern conifer stands. Can. J. For. Res. 32:2032-2042.
    • (2002) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 2032-2042
    • Seymour, R.S.1    Kenefic, L.S.2
  • 61
    • 33744989386 scopus 로고
    • Economics of even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture and management in eastern hardwoods
    • USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-24
    • SMITH, H.C., AND P.S. DEBALD. 1978. Economics of even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture and management in eastern hardwoods. P. 125-141 in Uneven-aged silviculture & management in the United States. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-24.
    • (1978) Uneven-Aged Silviculture & Management in the United States , pp. 125-141
    • Smith, H.C.1    DeBald, P.S.2
  • 64
    • 84943757940 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic light capture and processing from cell to canopy
    • Smith W.K., and T.M. Hinckley (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • STENBERG, P., E.H. DELUCIA, A.W. SCHOETTLE, AND H. SMOLANDER. 1995. Photosynthetic light capture and processing from cell to canopy. P. 3-38 in Resource physiology of conifers, Smith W.K., and T.M. Hinckley (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (1995) Resource Physiology of Conifers , pp. 3-38
    • Stenberg, P.1    DeLucia, E.H.2    Schoettle, A.W.3    Smolander, H.4
  • 65
    • 84943765160 scopus 로고
    • External and internal factors regulating photosynthesis
    • Smith W.K., and T.M. Hinckley (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • TESKEY, R.O., D.W. SHERIFF, D.Y. HOLLINGER, AND R.B. THOMAS. 1995. External and internal factors regulating photosynthesis. P. 105-140 in Resource physiology of conifers, Smith W.K., and T.M. Hinckley (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (1995) Resource Physiology of Conifers , pp. 105-140
    • Teskey, R.O.1    Sheriff, D.W.2    Hollinger, D.Y.3    Thomas, R.B.4
  • 67
    • 0001445385 scopus 로고
    • Estimating forest growth and efficiency in relation to canopy leaf area
    • WARING, R.H. 1983. Estimating forest growth and efficiency in relation to canopy leaf area. Adv. Ecol. Res. 13:327-354.
    • (1983) Adv. Ecol. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 327-354
    • Waring, R.H.1
  • 68
    • 0035007059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water availability and carbon isotope discrimination in conifers
    • WARREN, C.R., J.F. MCGRATH, AND M.A. ADAMS. 2001. Water availability and carbon isotope discrimination in conifers. Oecologia 127:468-475.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.127 , pp. 468-475
    • Warren, C.R.1    McGrath, J.F.2    Adams, M.A.3
  • 69
    • 12644258430 scopus 로고
    • Tree patterns in central Oregon ponderosa pine forests
    • WEST, N.B. 1969. Tree patterns in central Oregon ponderosa pine forests. Am. Mid. Nat. 81:584-590.
    • (1969) Am. Mid. Nat. , vol.81 , pp. 584-590
    • West, N.B.1
  • 70
    • 0000345297 scopus 로고
    • Presettlement regeneration patterns in a southwestern ponderosa pine stand
    • WHITE, A.S. 1985. Presettlement regeneration patterns in a southwestern ponderosa pine stand. Ecology 66:589-594.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 589-594
    • White, A.S.1
  • 71
    • 0000554218 scopus 로고
    • Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and resistance to water uptake in a Pinus sylvestris spacing experiment
    • WHITEHEAD, D., P.O. JARVIS, AND R.H. WARING. 1984. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and resistance to water uptake in a Pinus sylvestris spacing experiment. Can. J. For. Res. 14:692-700.
    • (1984) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 692-700
    • Whitehead, D.1    Jarvis, P.O.2    Waring, R.H.3
  • 72
    • 0035068181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a simulation model and ecosystem flux data to examine carbon-water interactions in ponderosa pine
    • WILLIAMS, M., B.E. LAW, P.M. ANTHONI, AND M.H. UNSWORTH. 2001. Use of a simulation model and ecosystem flux data to examine carbon-water interactions in ponderosa pine. Tree Physiol. 21:287-298.
    • (2001) Tree Physiol. , vol.21 , pp. 287-298
    • Williams, M.1    Law, B.E.2    Anthoni, P.M.3    Unsworth, M.H.4
  • 73
    • 33745001568 scopus 로고
    • Growth and yield models for ponderosa pine: Review and opinion
    • Baumgartner, D.M. and J.E. Lotan (eds.). Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Pullman, WA. 281 p
    • WYKOFF, W.R. 1988. Growth and yield models for ponderosa pine: Review and opinion. P. 247-251 in Ponderosa pine: The species and its management, Baumgartner, D.M. and J.E. Lotan (eds.). Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Pullman, WA. 281 p.
    • (1988) Ponderosa Pine: The Species and Its Management , pp. 247-251
    • Wykoff, W.R.1
  • 75
    • 0038721269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge effects in mixed conifer group selection openings tree height response to resource gradients
    • YORK, R.A., J.J. BATTLES, AND R.C. HEALD. 2003. Edge effects in mixed conifer group selection openings tree height response to resource gradients. For. Ecol. Manage. 179:107-121.
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.179 , pp. 107-121
    • York, R.A.1    Battles, J.J.2    Heald, R.C.3
  • 76
    • 2942717077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group selection management in conifer forests: Relationships between opening size and tree growth
    • YORK, R.A., R.C. HEALD, J.J. BATTLES, AND J.D. YORK. 2004. Group selection management in conifer forests: Relationships between opening size and tree growth. Can. J. For. Res. 34:630-641.
    • (2004) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 630-641
    • York, R.A.1    Heald, R.C.2    Battles, J.J.3    York, J.D.4
  • 77
    • 4444232102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand structure in eastside old-growth ponderosa pine forests of Oregon and northern California
    • YOUNGBLOOD, A., T. MAX, AND K. COE. 2004. Stand structure in eastside old-growth ponderosa pine forests of Oregon and northern California. For. Ecol. Manage. 199:191-217.
    • (2004) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.199 , pp. 191-217
    • Youngblood, A.1    Max, T.2    Coe, K.3
  • 78
    • 0030883462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotopic composition, gas exchange, and growth of three populations of ponderosa pine differing in drought tolerance
    • ZHANG, J.W., A. FENG, B.M. CREGG, AND C.M. SCHUMANN. 1997. Carbon isotopic composition, gas exchange, and growth of three populations of ponderosa pine differing in drought tolerance. Tree Physiol. 17:461-466.
    • (1997) Tree Physiol. , vol.17 , pp. 461-466
    • Zhang, J.W.1    Feng, A.2    Cregg, B.M.3    Schumann, C.M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.