Seeds of distrust: Conflict in Uganda

Journal of Economic Growth

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 217-252

  Rohner, Dominic ^a   Thoenig, Mathias ^a   Zilibotti, Fabrizio ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Acholi; Afrobarometer; Causal effects of conflict; Civil war; Ethnic conflict; Identity; Satellite light; Trust; Uganda

Indexed keywords

EID: 84881614016     PISSN: 13814338     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10887-013-9093-1     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. ACLED. (2011). Armed Conflict Location and Event Data. Dataset, www. acleddata. com.
2. Afrobarometer. (2000). Round 1 Afrobarometer Survey in Uganda. Dataset, www. afrobarometer. org.
3. Afrobarometer. (2008). Round 4 Afrobarometer Survey in Uganda. Dataset, www. afrobarometer. org.
4. Akresh, R., & de Walque, D. (2010). Armed Conflict and Schooling: Evidence from the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Mimeo, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
5. Alesina, A., & La Ferrara, E. (2000). Participation in heterogeneous communities. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115, 847-904.
6. Alesina, A., & La Ferrara, E. (2002). Who trusts others? Journal of Public Economics, 85, 207-234.
7. Algan, Y., & Cahuc, P. (2010). Inherited trust and growth. American Economic Review, 100, 2060-2092.
8. Altonji, J., Elder, T., & Taber, C. (2005). Selection on observed and unobserved variables: Assessing the effectiveness of catholic schools. Journal of Political Economy, 113, 151-184.
9. Angrist, J., & Pischke, j. (2009). Mostly harmless econometrics: An empiricist's companion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10. Ashraf, Q., & Galor, O. (2011). Cultural diversity, geographical isolation, and the origin of the wealth of nations. Mimeo, Williams College and Brown University.
11. Ashraf, Q., & Galor, O. (2013). The 'out of Africa' hypothesis, human genetic diversity, and comparative economic development. American Economic Review, 103, 1-46.
12. Balcells, L. (2012). The consequences of victimization on political identities: Evidence from Spain. Politics and Society, 40, 309-345.
13. Barenbaum, J., Ruchkin, V., & Schwab-Stone, M. (2004). The psychological aspects of children exposed to war: Practice and policy initiatives. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 41-62.
14. Bellows, J., & Miguel, E. (2009). War and local collective action in Sierra Leone. Journal of Public Economics, 93, 1144-1157.
15. Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2011). The logic of political violence. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126, 1411-1445.
16. Besley, T., & Reynal-Querol, M. (2012). The legacy of historical conflict: Evidence from Africa. Mimeo, London School of Economics.
17. Blattman, C. (2009). From violence to voting: War and political participation in Uganda. American Political Science Review, 103, 231-247.
18. Blattman, C., & Annan, J. (2010). The consequences of child soldiering. Review of Economics and Statistics, 92, 882-898.
19. Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2004). Persistent parochialism: Trust and exclusion in ethnic networks. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 55, 1-23.
20. Bozzoli, C., Brueck, T., & Muhumuza, T. (2011). Does war influence individual expectations? Economic Letters, 113, 288-291.
21. Bun, M., & de Haan, M. (2010). Weak instruments and the first stage F-statistic in IV models with a nonscalar error covariance structure. Mimeo, University of Amsterdam.
22. Caselli, F., & Coleman II, W. J. (2013). On the theory of ethnic conflict. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11, 161-192.
23. Cassar, A., Grosjean, P., & Whitt, S. (2013) Legacies of violence: Trust and market development. Journal of Economic Growth (forthcoming).
24. Choi, J.-K., & Bowles, S. (2007). The coevolution of parochial altruism and war. Science, 318, 636-640.
25. Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2004). Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic Papers, 56, 563-595.
26. Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., & Rohner, D. (2009). Beyond greed and grievance: Feasibility and civil war. Oxford Economic Papers, 61, 1-27.
27. Collier, P., & Rohner, D. (2008). Democracy, development, and conflict. Journal of the European Economic Association, 6, 531-540.
28. Deininger, K. (2003). Causes and consequences of civil strife: Micro-level evidence from Uganda. Oxford Economic Papers, 55, 579-606.
29. DellaVigna, S., Enikolopov, R., Mironova, V., Petrova, M., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2011). Unintended media effects in a conflict environment: Serbian radio and Croatian nationalism. NBER Working Paper No. 16989.
30. De Luca, G., & Verpoorten, M. (2011). From vice to virtue? Civil war and social capital in Uganda. HiCN Working Paper 111, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
31. Derluyn, I., Broekaert, E., Schuyten, G., & De Temmerman, E. (2004). Post-traumatic stress in former Ugandan child soldiers. Lancet, 363, 861-863.
32. Doepke, M., & Zilibotti, F. (2013). Culture, entrepreneurship and growth. In P. Aghion & S. Duralauf (Eds.), Handbook of economic growth (Vol. 2). North Holland (forthcoming).
33. Dolan, C. (2009). Social torture: The case of Northern Uganda, 1986-2006. New York: Berghahn Books.
34. Dyregrov, A., Gupta, L., Gjestad, R., & Mukanoheli, E. (2000). Trauma exposure and psychological reactions to genocide among Rwandan children. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 3-21.
35. Eichengreen, B. (2008). The European Economy since 1945: Coordinated capitalism and beyond. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
36. Esteban, J., Massimo, M., & Dominic, R. (2011). Strategic mass killings. Mimeo, IAE, Columbia University and University of Zurich.
37. Esteban, J., Mayoral, L., & Ray, D. (2012). Ethnicity and conflict: An empirical study. American Economic Review, 102, 1310-1342.
38. Esteban, J., & Ray, D. (2011). Linking conflict to inequality and polarization. American Economic Review, 101, 1345-1374.
39. Fafchamps, M. (2000). Ethnicity and credit in African manufacturing. Journal of Development Economics, 61, 205-235.
40. Fearon, J., Humphreys, M., & Weinstein, J. (2009). Can development aid contribute to social cohesion after civil war? Evidence from a field experiment in post-conflict Liberia. American Economic Review, 99, 287-291.
41. Fearon, J., & Laitin, D. (2003). Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war. American Political Science Review, 97, 75-90.
42. Fehr, E. (2009). On the economics and biology of trust. Journal of the European Economic Association, 7, 235-266.
43. Fiala, N. (2013). Economic consequences of forced displacement. Mimeo, German Institute for Economic Research (DIW).
44. Finnström, S. (2008). Living with bad surroundings: War, history, and everyday moments in Northern Uganda. Durham: Duke University Press.
45. Fisman, R. (2003). Ethnic ties and the provision of credit: Relationship-level evidence from African firms. Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy 3, Article 4.
46. Fryer, R., & Levitt, S. (2004). The causes and consequences of distinctively black names. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119, 767-805.
47. Gilligan, M., Benjamin, P., & Cyrus, S. (2010). Civil war and social capital: Behavioral-game evidence from Nepal. Mimeo, NYU and Columbia University.
48. Giuliano, P., & Spilimbergo, A. (2009). Growing up in a recession: Beliefs and the macroeconomy. NBER Working Paper 15321.
49. Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., & Zingales, L. (2006). Does culture affect economic outcomes? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20, 23-48.
50. Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., & Zingales, L. (2009). Cultural biases and economic exchange. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124, 1095-1131.
51. Henderson, V., Storeygard, A., & Weil, D. (2012). Measuring economic growth from outer space. American Economic Review, 102, 994-1028.
52. Hodler, R., & Raschky, P. (2011). Foreign aid and enlightened leaders. Mimeo, Study Center Gerzensee and Monash University.
53. Horowitz, D. (2000). Ethnic groups in conflict (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
54. Humphreys, M., & Weinstein, J. (2007). Demobilization and reintegration. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51, 531-567.
55. Leon, G. (2012). Civil conflict and human capital accumulation: The long term effects of political violence in Peru. Journal of Human Resources, 47, 991-1022.
56. Lewis, M. P. (Ed.). (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (16th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. Online version for Languages of Uganda. http://www. ethnologue. com/show_country. asp?name=UG.
57. Médecins sans frontières. (2004). Life in Northern Uganda: All shades of grief and fear. Report.
58. Michalopoulos, S., & Papaioannou, E. (2013). Pre-colonial ethnic institutions and contemporary African development. Econometrica, 81, 113-152.
59. Miguel, E., Saiegh, S., & Satyanath, S. (2011). Civil war exposure and violence. Economics and Politics, 23, 59-73.
60. Montalvo, J., & Reynal-Querol, M. (2005). Ethnic polarization, potential conflict, and civil wars. American Economic Review, 95, 796-816.
61. Murdock, G. P. (1967). Ethnographic atlas. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
62. Nannyonjo, J. (2005). Conflicts, poverty and human development in Northern Uganda. The Round Table, 94, 473-488.
63. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2010). Version 4: DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Time Series. Dataset, http://www. ngdc. noaa. gov/dmsp/downloadV4composites. html#AXP.
64. Neu, J. (2002). Restoring relations between Uganda and Sudan: The Carter Center process Conciliation Resources. http://www. c-r. org/our-work/accord/northern-uganda/carter-center. php.
65. Nunn, N., & Wantchekon, L. (2011). The slave trade and the origins of mistrust in Africa. American Economic Review, 101, 3221-3325.
66. Osafo-Kwaako, P., & Robinson, J. (2013). Political centralization in pre-colonial Africa. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41, 6-21.
67. Posner, D. (2004). The political salience of cultural difference: Why Chewas and Tumbukas are allies in Zambia and adversaries in Malawi. American Political Science Review, 98, 529-545.
68. Rohner, D. (2011). Reputation, group structure and social tensions. Journal of Development Economics, 96, 188-199.
69. Rohner, D., Thoenig, M., & Zilibotti, F. (2012). Seeds of distrust: Conflict in Uganda. CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP8741.
70. Rohner, D., Thoenig, M., & Zilibotti, F. (2013). War signals: A theory of trade, trust and conflict. Review of Economic Studies (forthcoming).
71. Shemyakina, G. (2011). The effect of armed conflict on accumulation of schooling: Results from Tajikistan. Journal of Development Economics, 95, 186-200.
72. Sobel, J. (2002). Can we trust social capital? Journal of Economic Literature, XL, 139-154.
73. Strömberg, D. (2004). Radio's impact on public spending. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119, 189-221.
74. Swee, E. L. (2008). On war and Schooling attainment: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mimeo, University of Toronto.
75. Tilly, C. (1975). The formation of national states in Western Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
76. Ugandan Bureau of Statistics. (2002). Census 2002. Dataset, http://www. ubos. org.
77. UN. (2009). United Nations' Peace Building and Recovery Assistance Programme For Northern Uganda 2009-2011 (UNPRAP). Report.
78. UNHCR. (2006). Annual Statistic Report on Uganda. Dataset (obtained by direct correspondence).
79. UNHCR. (2010). Statistical Online Population Database. Dataset, www. unhcr. org.
80. UNOCHA. (2002). Pushing the envelope: Moving beyond 'protected villages' in Northern Uganda. Report.
81. Vargas Hill, R., Bernard T., & Dewina, R. (2008). Cooperative behaviour in rural Uganda: Evidence from the Uganda National Household Survey 2005. International Food Policy Research Institute Background Paper.
82. Voors, M., Nillesen, E., Verwimp, P., Bulte, E., & Lensink, R. (2012). Violent conflict and behavior: A field experiment in Burundi. American Economic Review, 102, 941-964.
83. Weidmann, N. B., Rød, J. K., & Cederman, L.-E. (2010). Representing ethnic groups in space: A new dataset. Journal of Peace Research, 47, 491-499.
84. Whitt, S., & Rick, W. (2007). The dictator game, fairness and ethnicity in postwar Bosnia. American Journal of Political Science, 51, 655-668.
85. Women's Commission. (2001). Against all odds: Surviving the war on adolescents. Research study, http://www. womenscommission. org/.
86. World Values Survey. (2009). World Values Survey. Dataset, http://www. worldvaluessurvey. org/index_html.
87. Yanagizawa-Drott, D. (2012). Propaganda and conflict: Theory and evidence from the Rwandan genocide. CID Working Paper 257, Harvard University.