메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 15, 2013, Pages 5467-5492

Evaluation of precipitation simulated by seven SCMs against the ARM observations at the SGP site

Author keywords

Model comparison; Model evaluation performance; Single column models

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAMS; HIGHER FREQUENCIES; MODEL COMPARISON; MODEL EVALUATION/PERFORMANCE; MOISTURE ADVECTION; SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS; SURFACE PRECIPITATION;

EID: 84881231167     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00263.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0037243627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program
    • Ackerman, T. P., and G. M. Stokes, 2003: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. Phys. Today, 56, 39-44.
    • (2003) Phys. Today , vol.56 , pp. 39-44
    • Ackerman, T.P.1    Stokes, G.M.2
  • 2
    • 0001241791 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I
    • Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 674-701
    • Arakawa, A.1    Schubert, W.H.2
  • 3
    • 13844292722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of the diurnal cycle of convective precipitation over land in a global model
    • Bechtold, P., and Coauthors, 2004: The simulation of the diurnal cycle of convective precipitation over land in a global model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 3119-3137.
    • (2004) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.130 , pp. 3119-3137
    • Bechtold, P.1
  • 4
    • 1642582401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of diurnal cycle of con-vective precipitation over Amazonia using a single column model
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002264
    • Betts, A. K., and C. Jakob, 2002: Study of diurnal cycle of con-vective precipitation over Amazonia using a single column model. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4732, doi:10.1029/2002JD002264.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4732
    • Betts, A.K.1    Jakob, C.2
  • 5
    • 67650512618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new moist turbulence parameterization in the Community Atmosphere Model
    • Bretherton, C. S., and S. Park, 2009: A new moist turbulence parameterization in the Community Atmosphere Model. J. Climate, 22, 3422-3448.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 3422-3448
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Park, S.2
  • 6
    • 7744229398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description and 1D results
    • Bretherton, C. S.,J.R. McCaa, and H. Grenier, 2004a:A new parameterization for shallow cumulus convection and its application to marine subtropical cloud-topped boundary layers. Part I: Description and 1D results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 864-882.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 864-882
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    McCaa, J.R.2    Grenier, H.3
  • 7
    • 2042486382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between water vapor path and precipitation over the tropical oceans
    • Bretherton, C. S., M. E. Peters, and L. E. Back, 2004b: Relationships between water vapor path and precipitation over the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 17, 1517-1528.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 1517-1528
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Peters, M.E.2    Back, L.E.3
  • 8
    • 33646451521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation characteristics in eighteen coupled climate models
    • Dai, A., 2006: Precipitation characteristics in eighteen coupled climate models. J. Climate, 19, 4605-4630.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 4605-4630
    • Dai, A.1
  • 9
    • 1842740306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal cycle and its depiction in the Community Climate System Model
    • Dai, A., and K. E. Trenberth, 2004: The diurnal cycle and its depiction in the Community Climate System Model. J. Climate, 17, 930-951.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 930-95
    • Dai, A.1    Trenberth, K.E.2
  • 10
    • 0000200471 scopus 로고
    • Efficient cumulus parameterization for long-term climate studies: The GISS scheme
    • Del Genio, A. D., and M. Yao, 1993: Efficient cumulus parameterization for long-term climate studies: The GISS scheme. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models, Meteor. Monogr., No. 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 181-184.
    • (1993) The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models , pp. 181-184
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Yao, M.2
  • 11
    • 84881255089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should today's SCMs convectatthe SGP? FASTER Breakout, ASR Science Team Meeting, Arlington, VA, Department of Energy, 11 pp
    • 11 pp. Available online at
    • Del Genio, A. D, and A. Wolf, 2012: Should today's SCMs convectatthe SGP? FASTER Breakout, ASR Science Team Meeting, Arlington, VA, Department of Energy, 11 pp. [Available online at http://asr.science.energy.gov/meetings/stm/2012/presentations/delgeniofaster.pdf.]
    • (2012)
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Wolf, A.2
  • 12
    • 0029751999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models
    • Del Genio, A. D, M.-S. Yao, W. Kovari, and K. K.-W. Lo, 1996: A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models. J. Climate, 9, 270-304.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 270-304
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Yao, M.-S.2    Kovari, W.3    Lo, K.K.-W.4
  • 13
    • 25844503623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulus micro-physics and climate sensitivity
    • Del Genio, A. D, W. Kovari, M.-S. Yao, and J. Jonas, 2005: Cumulus micro-physics and climate sensitivity. J. Climate, 18, 2376-2387.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 2376-2387
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Kovari, W.2    Yao, M.-S.3    Jonas, J.4
  • 14
    • 35348932768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate? Geophys
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL030525
    • Del Genio, A. D, M.-S. Yao, and J. Jonas, 2007: Will moist convection be stronger in a warmer climate? Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16703, doi:10.1029/2007GL030525.
    • (2007) Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Yao, M.-S.2    Jonas, J.3
  • 15
    • 84867681996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of mesoscale organization in WRF simulations of convection during TWP-ICE
    • Del Genio, A. D, J. Wu, and Y. Chen, 2012: Characteristics of mesoscale organization in WRF simulations of convection during TWP-ICE. J. Climate, 25, 5666-5688.
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 5666-5688
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Wu, J.2    Chen, Y.3
  • 16
    • 0001278001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cumulus parameterization including mass fluxes, convective vertical velocities, and mesoscale effects: Thermodynamic and hydrological aspects in a general circulation model
    • Donner, L. J., C. J. Seman, R. S. Hemiler, and S. Fan, 2001: A cumulus parameterization including mass fluxes, convective vertical velocities, and mesoscale effects: Thermodynamic and hydrological aspects in a general circulation model. J. Climate, 14, 3444-3463.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 3444-3463
    • Donner, L.J.1    Seman, C.J.2    Hemiler, R.S.3    Fan, S.4
  • 17
    • 79955044421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamical core, physical parame-terizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3
    • Donner, L. J., and Coauthors, 2011: The dynamical core, physical parame-terizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3. J. Climate, 24, 3484-3519.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 3484-3519
    • Donner, L.J.1
  • 18
    • 0006461436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the Great Plains low-level jet and associated clouds by general circulation models
    • Ghan, S. J., X. Bian, and L. Corsetti, 1996: Simulation of the Great Plains low-level jet and associated clouds by general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1388-1408.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 1388-1408
    • Ghan, S.J.1    Bian, X.2    Corsetti, L.3
  • 19
    • 0033393366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of three different modeling strategies for evaluating cloud and radiation parameterizations
    • Ghan, S. J., L. R. Leung, and J. McCaa, 1999: A comparison of three different modeling strategies for evaluating cloud and radiation parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1967-1984.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 1967-1984
    • Ghan, S.J.1    Leung, L.R.2    McCaa, J.3
  • 20
    • 0033759773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intercomparison of single column model simulations of summertime midlatitude continental convection
    • Ghan, S. J., and Coauthors, 2000: An intercomparison of single column model simulations of summertime midlatitude continental convection. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2091-2124.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 2091-2124
    • Ghan, S.J.1
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0028193574 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM2)
    • Hack, J. J., 1994: Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM2). J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D3), 5551-5568.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 D3 , pp. 5551-5568
    • Hack, J.J.1
  • 23
    • 0034037915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of solution uncertainties in single-column modeling frameworks
    • Hack, J. J., and J. A. Pedretti, 2000: Assessment of solution uncertainties in single-column modeling frameworks. J. Climate, 13, 352-365.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 352-365
    • Hack, J.J.1    Pedretti, J.A.2
  • 24
    • 67650535975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of forecasted southeast Pacific stratocumulus in the NCAR, GFDL, and ECMWF models
    • Hannay, C., and Coauthors, 2009: Evaluation of forecasted southeast Pacific stratocumulus in the NCAR, GFDL, and ECMWF models. J. Climate, 22, 2871-2889.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 2871-2889
    • Hannay, C.1
  • 25
    • 0027881517 scopus 로고
    • Local versus nonlocal boundary layer diffusion in a global climate model
    • Holtslag, A. A. M., and B. A. Boville, 1993: Local versus nonlocal boundary layer diffusion in a global climate model. J. Climate, 6, 1825-1842.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1825-1842
    • Holtslag, A.A.M.1    Boville, B.A.2
  • 27
    • 84881241258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a single column model at the southern Great Plains climate research facility
    • Ph. D. dissertation, University of North Dakota
    • Kennedy, A. D., 2011: Evaluation of a single column model at the southern Great Plains climate research facility. Ph. D. dissertation, University of North Dakota, 149 pp.
    • (2011) , vol.149
    • Kennedy, A.D.1
  • 28
    • 77954527388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the NASA GISS single column model simulated clouds using combined surface and satellite observations
    • Kennedy, A. D., and Coauthors, 2010: Evaluation of the NASA GISS single column model simulated clouds using combined surface and satellite observations. J. Climate, 23, 5175-5192.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.23 , pp. 5175-5192
    • Kennedy, A.D.1
  • 29
    • 80053164427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparisonof MERRA and NARR reanalyses with the DOE ARM SGP data
    • Kennedy, A. D., X. Dong, B. Xi, S. Xie, Y. Zhang, and J. Chen, 2011: A comparisonof MERRA and NARR reanalyses with the DOE ARM SGP data. J. Climate, 24, 4541-4557.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 4541-4557
    • Kennedy, A.D.1    Dong, X.2    Xi, B.3    Xie, S.4    Zhang, Y.5    Chen, J.6
  • 30
    • 34247593446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved prediction of boundary layer clouds
    • Köhler, M., 2005: Improved prediction of boundary layer clouds. ECMWF Newsletter, No. 104, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, 18-22.
    • (2005) ECMWF Newsletter , pp. 18-22
    • Köhler, M.1
  • 31
    • 84881241916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal cycle in NASA's Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)
    • 20th Conf. Climate Variability and Change, New Orleans, LA,. Available online at
    • Lee, M.-I., and S. D. Schubert, 2008: The diurnal cycle in NASA's Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). Preprints, 20th Conf. Climate Variability and Change, New Orleans, LA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P3.7. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/88Annual/techprogram/paper_134706.htm.]
    • (2008) Preprints , pp. 7
    • Lee, M.-I.1    Schubert, S.D.2
  • 32
    • 33847624714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the warm-season diurnal cycle over the continental United States and northern Mexico in general circulation models
    • Lee, M.-I, and Coauthors, 2007: An analysis of the warm-season diurnal cycle over the continental United States and northern Mexico in general circulation models. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 344-366.
    • (2007) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.8 , pp. 344-366
    • Lee, M.-I.1
  • 33
    • 41649095536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of convection triggers in the simulationof the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the United States Great Plains in a general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD008984
    • Lee, M.-I, and Coauthors, 2008: Role of convection triggers in the simulationof the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the United States Great Plains in a general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02111, doi:10.1029/2007JD008984.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Lee, M.-I.1
  • 34
    • 35448994853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The double-ITCZ problem in IPCC AR4 coupled GCMs: Ocean-atmosphere feedback analysis
    • Lin, J.-L., 2007: The double-ITCZ problem in IPCC AR4 coupled GCMs: Ocean-atmosphere feedback analysis. J. Climate, 20, 4497-4525.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 4497-4525
    • Lin, J.-L.1
  • 35
    • 84875027662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of surface flux parameterization with long-term ARM observations
    • Liu, G., Y. Liu, and S. Endo, 2013: Evaluation of surface flux parameterization with long-term ARM observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 773-797.
    • (2013) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.141 , pp. 773-797
    • Liu, G.1    Liu, Y.2    Endo, S.3
  • 37
    • 0027065988 scopus 로고
    • Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models
    • Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 978-1002
    • Moorthi, S.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 38
    • 42549146824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM3). Part I: Description and numerical tests
    • Morrison, H., and A. Gettelman, 2008: A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM3). Part I: Description and numerical tests. J. Climate, 21, 3845-3862.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 3845-3862
    • Morrison, H.1    Gettelman, A.2
  • 39
    • 56649113912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of convection on ENSO: From a delayed oscillator to a series of events
    • Neale, R. B., J. H. Richter, and M. Jochum, 2008: The impact of convection on ENSO: From a delayed oscillator to a series of events. J. Climate, 21, 5904-5924.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 5904-5924
    • Neale, R.B.1    Richter, J.H.2    Jochum, M.3
  • 40
    • 84864858063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous single-column model evaluation at a permanent meteorological supersite
    • Neggers, R. A. J., A. P. Siebesma, and T. Heus, 2012: Continuous single-column model evaluation at a permanent meteorological supersite. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 1389-1400.
    • (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.93 , pp. 1389-1400
    • Neggers, R.A.J.1    Siebesma, A.P.2    Heus, T.3
  • 41
    • 67650512617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The University of Washington shallow convection and moist turbulence schemes and their impact on climate simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model
    • Park, S., and C. S. Bretherton, 2009: The University of Washington shallow convection and moist turbulence schemes and their impact on climate simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model. J. Climate, 22, 3449-3469.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 3449-3469
    • Park, S.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 42
    • 0000188971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative methods for specification of observed forcing in single-column models and cloud system models
    • Randall, D., and D. G. Cripe, 1999: Alternative methods for specification of observed forcing in single-column models and cloud system models. J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D20), 24 527-24 545.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 D20 , Issue.24 , pp. 527-524
    • Randall, D.1    Cripe, D.G.2
  • 43
    • 0037692715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confronting models with data: The GEWEX Cloud Systems Study
    • Randall, D., and Coauthors, 2003: Confronting models with data: The GEWEX Cloud Systems Study. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 455-469.
    • (2003) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.84 , pp. 455-469
    • Randall, D.1
  • 44
    • 1542607870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations
    • Rasch, P. J., and J. E. Kristjansson, 1998: A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations. J. Climate, 11, 1587-1614.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 1587-1614
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Kristjansson, J.E.2
  • 45
    • 0031416166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physical based scheme for the treatment of stratiform clouds and precipitation in large-scale models. I: Description and evaluation of the microphysical processes
    • Rotstayn, L. D., 1997: A physical based scheme for the treatment of stratiform clouds and precipitation in large-scale models. I: Description and evaluation of the microphysical processes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1227-1282.
    • (1997) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 1227-1282
    • Rotstayn, L.D.1
  • 46
    • 33644680703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present-day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: Comparison to in situ, satellite, and reanalysis data
    • Coauthors
    • Schmidt, G. A., and Coauthors, 2006: Present-day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: Comparison to in situ, satellite, and reanalysis data. J. Climate, 19, 153-192.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 153-192
    • Schmidt, G.A.1
  • 47
    • 0028668067 scopus 로고
    • The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program: Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation testbed
    • Stokes, G. M., and S. E. Schwartz, 1994: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program: Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation testbed. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1201-1221.
    • (1994) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 1201-1221
    • Stokes, G.M.1    Schwartz, S.E.2
  • 49
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 1779-1800
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 50
    • 0027799811 scopus 로고
    • Representation of clouds in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke, M., 1993: Representation of clouds in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3040-3061.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 3040-3061
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 51
    • 84862569322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observationally based evaluation of NWP reanalyses in modeling cloud properties over the southern Great Plains
    • doi:10.1029/2011JD016971
    • Wu, W., Y. Liu, and A. K. Betts, 2012: Observationally based evaluation of NWP reanalyses in modeling cloud properties over the southern Great Plains. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D12202, doi:10.1029/2011JD016971.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117
    • Wu, W.1    Liu, Y.2    Betts, A.K.3
  • 52
    • 0033790060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the convection trigger function on single-column model simulations
    • Xie, S., and M. Zhang, 2000: Impact of the convection trigger function on single-column model simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 105 (D11), 14983-14996.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.D11 , pp. 14983-14996
    • Xie, S.1    Zhang, M.2
  • 53
    • 18444417109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison and evaluation of cumulus parameterizations under summertime midlatitude continental conditions
    • Coauthors
    • Xie, S., and Coauthors, 2002: Intercomparison and evaluation of cumulus parameterizations under summertime midlatitude continental conditions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 1095-1135.
    • (2002) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.128 , pp. 1095-1135
    • Xie, S.1
  • 54
    • 2642536915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing long-term single-column model/cloud system-resolving model forcing data using numerical weather prediction products constrained by surface and top of atmosphere observations
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD004045
    • Xie, S., R. T. Cederwall, and M. Zhang, 2004: Developing long-term single-column model/cloud system-resolving model forcing data using numerical weather prediction products constrained by surface and top of atmosphere observations. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D01104, doi:10.1029/2003JD004045.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Xie, S.1    Cederwall, R.T.2    Zhang, M.3
  • 55
    • 25844483659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of midlatitude frontal clouds by single-column and cloud-resolving models during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement March 2000 cloud intensive operational period
    • Coauthors doi:10.1029/2004JD005119
    • Xie, S., and Coauthors, 2005: Simulations of midlatitude frontal clouds by single-column and cloud-resolving models during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement March 2000 cloud intensive operational period. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15S03, doi:10.1029/2004JD005119.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Xie, S.1
  • 56
    • 78649961596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud and more: ARM climate modeling best estimate data
    • Coauthors
    • Xie, S., and Coauthors, 2010: Cloud and more: ARM climate modeling best estimate data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 13-20.
    • (2010) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.91 , pp. 13-20
    • Xie, S.1
  • 57
    • 1642617939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of tropospheric and boundary layer forcing in the diurnal cycle of convection in the U
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL018554
    • Zhang, G. J., 2003: Roles of tropospheric and boundary layer forcing in the diurnal cycle of convection in the U.S. southern Great Plains. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2281, doi:10.1029/2003GL018554.
    • (2003) S. southern Great Plains. Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 2281
    • Zhang, G.J.1
  • 58
    • 39549095502 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Center general circulation model
    • Zhang, G. J., and N. A. McFarlane, 1995: Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Center general circulation model. Atmos.-Ocean, 33, 407-446.
    • (1995) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.33 , pp. 407-446
    • Zhang, G.J.1    McFarlane, N.A.2
  • 59
    • 0346639253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modified formulation of fractional stratiform condensation rate in the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model (CAM2)
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002523
    • Zhang, M., W. Lin, C. S. Bretherton, J. J. Hack, and P. J. Rasch, 2003: A modified formulation of fractional stratiform condensation rate in the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model (CAM2). J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4035, doi:10.1029/2002JD002523.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4035
    • Zhang, M.1    Lin, W.2    Bretherton, C.S.3    Hack, J.J.4    Rasch, P.J.5
  • 60
    • 75749091697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of global hurricane climatology, interannual variability, and response to global warming using a 50-km resolution GCM
    • Zhao, M., I. M. Held, S.-J. Lin, and G. A. Vecchi, 2009: Simulations of global hurricane climatology, interannual variability, and response to global warming using a 50-km resolution GCM. J. Climate, 22, 6653-6678.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 6653-6678
    • Zhao, M.1    Held, I.M.2    Lin, S.-J.3    Vecchi, G.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.