메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 153-162

Substituted cathinone products: A new trend in "bath salts" and other designer stimulant drug use

Author keywords

Bath salts; Cathinone; Designer drug; Mephedrone; Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV); Review

Indexed keywords

4' METHYLMETHCATHINONE; AMPHETAMINE; CATHINONE; COCAINE; DIAZEPAM; DOMESTIC CHEMICAL; LORAZEPAM; METHYLENEDIOXYPYROVALERONE; METHYLONE; MIDAZOLAM; PSYCHOSTIMULANT AGENT; SODIUM CHLORIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ALKALOID; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; DESIGNER DRUG; INORGANIC SALT;

EID: 84881006291     PISSN: 19320620     EISSN: 19353227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e31829084b7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 84887948700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed December 28, 2012
    • Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. ACMD report on the consideration of the cathinones. 2010. Available at: http://www.homeoffice. gov. uk/acmd1/acmd-cathinodes-report-2010. Accessed December 28, 2012.
    • (2010)
  • 2
    • 84887917256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • February 28, Accessed April 3, 2013
    • American Association of Poison Control Centers. Bath Salts Data. February 28, 2013. Available at: https://aapcc.s3.amazonaws.com/files/library/Bath- Salts-Data-for-Website-2.282013.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2013.
    • (2013)
  • 3
    • 81955166874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paranoid psychosis induced by consumption of methylenedioxypyrovalerone: Two cases
    • Antonowicz JL, Metzger AK, Ramanujam SL. Paranoid psychosis induced by consumption of methylenedioxypyrovalerone: two cases. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2011;33(6):640.e5-640.e6.
    • (2011) Gen Hosp Psychiatry , vol.33 , Issue.6
    • Antonowicz, J.L.1    Metzger, A.K.2    Ramanujam, S.L.3
  • 4
    • 84858335179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue
    • Baumann MH, Ayestas M A Jr, Partilla JS, et al. The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012;37(5):1192-1203.
    • (2012) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 1192-1203
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Ayestas Jr., M.A.2    Partilla, J.S.3
  • 5
    • 84873742824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Powerful cocaine-like actions of 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a principal constituent of psychoactive 'bath salts' products
    • Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Lehner KR, et al. Powerful cocaine-like actions of 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a principal constituent of psychoactive 'bath salts' products. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013;38(4):552-62.
    • (2013) Neuropsychopharmacology. , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 552-562
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Partilla, J.S.2    Lehner, K.R.3
  • 6
    • 84887916546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • January 17, Accessed December 28, 2012
    • BBC News. Selkirk man Greg Alexander died after mephedrone 'bomb.' January 17, 2012. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/ukscotland- south-scotland-16592023. Accessed December 28, 2012.
    • (2012) Selkirk Man Greg Alexander Died After Mephedrone 'bomb'
  • 7
    • 78649828433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is ecstasy an "empathogen"? Effects of +/-3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on prosocial feelings and identification of emotional states in others
    • Bedi G, Hyman D, De Wit H. Is ecstasy an "empathogen"? Effects of +/-3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on prosocial feelings and identification of emotional states in others. Biol Psychiatry 2010;68(12):1134-1140.
    • (2010) Biol Psychiatry , vol.68 , Issue.12 , pp. 1134-1140
    • Bedi, G.1    Hyman, D.2    De Wit, H.3
  • 8
    • 84860488942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of "bath salts" containing 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
    • Borek HA, Holstege CP. Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of "bath salts" containing 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Ann Emerg Med 2012;60(1):103-105.
    • (2012) Ann Emerg Med , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-105
    • Borek, H.A.1    Holstege, C.P.2
  • 9
    • 77956642096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses of second-generation 'legal highs' in the UK: Initial findings
    • Brandt SD, Sumnall HR, Measham F, et al. Analyses of second-generation 'legal highs' in the UK: initial findings. Drug Test Anal 2010;2(8):377-382.
    • (2010) Drug Test Anal , vol.2 , Issue.8 , pp. 377-382
    • Brandt, S.D.1    Sumnall, H.R.2    Measham, F.3
  • 10
    • 78650932261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th annual report
    • Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena L R Jr et al. 2009 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010;48(10):979-1178.
    • (2009) Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010 , vol.48 , Issue.10 , pp. 979-1178
    • Bronstein, A.C.1    Spyker, D.A.2    Cantilena Jr., L.R.3
  • 11
    • 84875206459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bath salts components mephedrone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) act synergistically at the human dopamine transporter
    • Cameron KN, Kolanos R, Solis E, et al. Bath salts components mephedrone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) act synergistically at the human dopamine transporter. Br J Pharmacol. 2013;168(7):1750-7.
    • (2013) Br J Pharmacol. , vol.168 , Issue.7 , pp. 1750-1757
    • Cameron, K.N.1    Kolanos, R.2    Solis, E.3
  • 13
    • 84866014473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of amphetamines: An update
    • Carvalho M, Carmo H, Costa VM, et al. Toxicity of amphetamines: an update. Arch Toxicol 2012;86(8):1167-1231.
    • (2012) Arch Toxicol , vol.86 , Issue.8 , pp. 1167-1231
    • Carvalho, M.1    Carmo, H.2    Costa, V.M.3
  • 14
    • 79957635109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency department visits after use of a drug sold as "bath salts"-Michigan, November 13, 2010-March 31, 2011
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency department visits after use of a drug sold as "bath salts"-Michigan, November 13, 2010-March 31, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011;60(19):624-627.
    • (2011) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.60 , Issue.19 , pp. 624-627
  • 15
    • 84859628524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cathinones: Chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new class of designer drugs of abuse marketed as "bath salts" or "plant food"
    • Coppola M, Mondola R. Synthetic cathinones: chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new class of designer drugs of abuse marketed as "bath salts" or "plant food." Toxicol Lett 2012;211(2):144-149.
    • (2012) Toxicol Lett , vol.211 , Issue.2 , pp. 144-149
    • Coppola, M.1    Mondola, R.2
  • 16
    • 0242467093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of khat: A review
    • Cox G, Rampes H. Adverse effects of khat: a review. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2003;9:456-463.
    • (2003) Adv Psychiatr Treat , vol.9 , pp. 456-463
    • Cox, G.1    Rampes, H.2
  • 17
    • 0032856963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of plasma membrane monoamine transporters by beta-ketoamphetamines
    • Cozzi NV, Sievert MK, Shulgin AT, et al. Inhibition of plasma membrane monoamine transporters by beta-ketoamphetamines. Eur J Pharmacol 1999;381(1):63-69.
    • (1999) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.381 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-69
    • Cozzi, N.V.1    Sievert, M.K.2    Shulgin, A.T.3
  • 18
    • 0031415190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cathinone: An investigation of several N-alkyl and methylenedioxy- substituted analogs
    • Dec.
    • Dal Cason TA, Young R, Glennon RA. Cathinone: an investigation of several N-alkyl and methylenedioxy-substituted analogs. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1997 Dec; 58(4):1109-16.
    • (1997) Pharmacol Biochem Behav. , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 1109-1116
    • Dal Cason, T.A.1    Young, R.2    Glennon, R.A.3
  • 19
    • 78649371984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone use and associated adverse effects in school and college/university students before the UK legislation change
    • Dargan PI, Albert S, Wood DM. Mephedrone use and associated adverse effects in school and college/university students before the UK legislation change. QJM 2010;103(11):875-879.
    • (2010) QJM , vol.103 , Issue.11 , pp. 875-879
    • Dargan, P.I.1    Albert, S.2    Wood, D.M.3
  • 20
    • 77954263486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purchasing 'legal highs' on the Internet-is there consistency in what you get?
    • Davies S, Wood DM, Smith G, et al. Purchasing 'legal highs' on the Internet-is there consistency in what you get? QJM 2010;103(7):489-493.
    • (2010) QJM , vol.103 , Issue.7 , pp. 489-493
    • Davies, S.1    Wood, D.M.2    Smith, G.3
  • 21
    • 84855799010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The untold truth about "bath salt" highs: A case series demonstrating local tissue injury
    • Dorairaj JJ, Healy C, McMenamin M, et al. The untold truth about "bath salt" highs: a case series demonstrating local tissue injury. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012;65(2):e37-e41.
    • (2012) J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg , vol.65 , Issue.2
    • Dorairaj, J.J.1    Healy, C.2    McMenamin, M.3
  • 25
    • 84887878307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Enforcement Agency, Office of Forensic Sciences. Notice of intent: Schedules of controlled substances: Temporary placement of three synthetic cathinones into schedule I
    • Accessed December 28, 2012
    • Drug Enforcement Agency, Office of Forensic Sciences. Notice of intent: schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic cathinones into schedule I. Microgram Bull 2011c; 44(9):57-66. Available at: http://www.justice.gov/dea/pr/micrograms/2011/mg0911.pdf. Accessed December 28, 2012.
    • (2011) Microgram Bull , vol.44 , Issue.9 , pp. 57-66
  • 26
    • 0032748330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of psychostimulants and related agents on dopaminergic and serotonergic transporter function
    • Fleckenstein AE, Haughey HM, Metzger RR, et al. Differential effects of psychostimulants and related agents on dopaminergic and serotonergic transporter function. Eur J Pharmacol 1999;382(1):45-49.
    • (1999) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.382 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-49
    • Fleckenstein, A.E.1    Haughey, H.M.2    Metzger, R.R.3
  • 27
    • 84857626061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and subjective effects of mephedrone and factors influencing use of a 'new legal high'
    • Freeman TP, Morgan CJ, Vaughn-Jones J, et al. Cognitive and subjective effects of mephedrone and factors influencing use of a 'new legal high'. Addiction 2012;107(4):792-800.
    • (2012) Addiction , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 792-800
    • Freeman, T.P.1    Morgan, C.J.2    Vaughn-Jones, J.3
  • 28
    • 78650729627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry determination of mephedrone in drug seizures after derivatization with 2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl chloroformate
    • Frison G, Gregio M, Zamengo L, et al. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry determination of mephedrone in drug seizures after derivatization with 2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl chloroformate. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2011;25(2):387-390.
    • (2011) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 387-390
    • Frison, G.1    Gregio, M.2    Zamengo, L.3
  • 29
    • 84887859596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed April 3, 2013
    • Google Trends (2013a). Available at: http://www.google.com/trends/ explore#q=mephedrone Accessed April 3, 2013.
    • (2013)
  • 30
    • 84887925267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed April 3, 2013
    • Google Trends (2013b). Available at: http://www.google.com/trends/ explore#q=bath%20salts Accessed April 3, 2013.
    • (2013)
  • 31
    • 84862768861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spice" and "K2" herbal highs: A case series and review illustrating the pharmacological and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use
    • Gunderson EW, Haughey HM, Ait-Daoud N, et al. "Spice" and "K2" herbal highs: a case series and review illustrating the pharmacological and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use. Am J Addict 2012;21(4):320-326.
    • (2012) Am J Addict , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 320-326
    • Gunderson, E.W.1    Haughey, H.M.2    Ait-Daoud, N.3
  • 32
    • 38649104884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological complications of psychiatric drugs: Clinical features and management
    • Haddad PM, Dursun SM. Neurological complications of psychiatric drugs: clinical features and management. Hum Psychopharmacol 2008;23:15-26.
    • (2008) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.23 , pp. 15-26
    • Haddad, P.M.1    Dursun, S.M.2
  • 33
    • 80053917044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical toxicology of newer recreational drugs
    • Hill SL, Thomas SH. Clinical toxicology of newer recreational drugs. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2011;49(8):705-719.
    • (2011) Clin Toxicol (Phila) , vol.49 , Issue.8 , pp. 705-719
    • Hill, S.L.1    Thomas, S.H.2
  • 34
    • 84887863190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlanta, GA: Medscape Medical News, Accessed December 28, 2012
    • Hitt E. Synthetic Cannabinoid Use Common Among Pot Smokers. Atlanta, GA: Medscape Medical News, 2012. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/ 762817. Accessed December 28, 2012.
    • (2012) Synthetic Cannabinoid use Common Among Pot Smokers
    • Hitt, E.1
  • 35
    • 84867841572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of D-methamphetamine, 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone, and 4-methylmethcathinone on wheel activity in rats
    • Huang PK, Aarde SM, Angrish D, et al. Contrasting effects of D-methamphetamine, 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3, 4- methylenedioxypyrovalerone, and 4-methylmethcathinone on wheel activity in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012;126(1):168-175.
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.126 , Issue.1 , pp. 168-175
    • Huang, P.K.1    Aarde, S.M.2    Angrish, D.3
  • 36
    • 0032423156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of an instruction on the stimulus effects of drugs in humans
    • Johanson CE, Preston K. The influence of an instruction on the stimulus effects of drugs in humans. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;6(4):427-432.
    • (1998) Exp Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 427-432
    • Johanson, C.E.1    Preston, K.2
  • 38
    • 33746882802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of the recently encountered designer drug, methylone, in humans and rats
    • Kamata HT, Shima N, Zaitsu K, et al. Metabolism of the recently encountered designer drug, methylone, in humans and rats. Xenobiotica 2006;36(8):709-723.
    • (2006) Xenobiotica , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 709-723
    • Kamata, H.T.1    Shima, N.2    Zaitsu, K.3
  • 39
    • 80054792045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats
    • Kehr J, Ichinose F, Yoshitake S, et al. Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats. Br J Pharmacol 2011;164(8):1949-1958.
    • (2011) Br J Pharmacol , vol.164 , Issue.8 , pp. 1949-1958
    • Kehr, J.1    Ichinose, F.2    Yoshitake, S.3
  • 40
    • 79960634938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cathinone derivatives: A review of their chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology
    • Kelly JP. Cathinone derivatives: a review of their chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Drug Test Anal 2011;3(7-8):439-453.
    • (2011) Drug Test Anal , vol.3 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 439-453
    • Kelly, J.P.1
  • 41
    • 79960631787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief history of'new psychoactive substances'
    • King LA, Kicman AT. A brief history of'new psychoactive substances'. Drug Test Anal 2011;3(7-8):401-403.
    • (2011) Drug Test Anal , vol.3 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 401-403
    • King, L.A.1    Kicman, A.T.2
  • 42
    • 0032006542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of expectancies on subjective responses to oral delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol
    • Kirk JM, Doty P, De Wit H. Effects of expectancies on subjective responses to oral delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1998;59(2):287-293.
    • (1998) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 287-293
    • Kirk, J.M.1    Doty, P.2    De Wit, H.3
  • 43
    • 84857566237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intranasal methamphetamine and D-amphetamine self-administration by humans
    • Kirkpatrick MG, Gunderson EW, Johanson CE, et al. Comparison of intranasal methamphetamine and D-amphetamine self-administration by humans. Addiction 2012a; 107(4):783-791.
    • (2012) Addiction , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 783-791
    • Kirkpatrick, M.G.1    Gunderson, E.W.2    Johanson, C.E.3
  • 44
    • 84856684640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A direct comparison of the behavioral and physiological effects of methamphetamine and 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans
    • Kirkpatrick MG, Gunderson EW, Perez AY, et al. A direct comparison of the behavioral and physiological effects of methamphetamine and 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012b; 219(1):109-122.
    • (2012) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.219 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-122
    • Kirkpatrick, M.G.1    Gunderson, E.W.2    Perez, A.Y.3
  • 45
    • 79959534958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New designer drug of abuse: 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Findings from apprehended drivers in Finland
    • Kriikku P, Wilhelm L, Schwarz O, et al. New designer drug of abuse: 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Findings from apprehended drivers in Finland. Forensic Sci Int 2011;210(1-3):195-200.
    • (2011) Forensic Sci Int , vol.210 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 195-200
    • Kriikku, P.1    Wilhelm, L.2    Schwarz, O.3
  • 46
    • 84860262370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of mephedrone chronic abuse through hair analysis using GC/MS
    • Martin M, Muller JF, Turner K, et al. Evidence of mephedrone chronic abuse through hair analysis using GC/MS. Forensic Sci Int 2012;218(1-3):44-48.
    • (2012) Forensic Sci Int , vol.218 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 44-48
    • Martin, M.1    Muller, J.F.2    Turner, K.3
  • 47
    • 84867232376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of synthetic cathinones contained in "bath salts" on motor behavior and a functional observational battery in mice
    • Marusich JA, Grant KR, Blough BE, et al. Effects of synthetic cathinones contained in "bath salts" on motor behavior and a functional observational battery in mice. Neurotoxicology 2012;33(5):1305-1313.
    • (2012) Neurotoxicology , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 1305-1313
    • Marusich, J.A.1    Grant, K.R.2    Blough, B.E.3
  • 48
    • 84887908869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs disguised as bath salts send users to ERs
    • Published December 23, 2010. Accessed December 28, 2012
    • McConnaughey J. Drugs disguised as bath salts send users to ERs. WAFB. Available at: http://www.msnbc.msn. com/id/40797021/ns/healthaddictions. Published December 23, 2010. Accessed December 28, 2012.
    • WAFB
    • McConnaughey, J.1
  • 49
    • 77953475735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-keto amphetamines: Studies on the metabolism of the designer drug mephedrone and toxicological detection of mephedrone, butylone, and methylone in urine using gas chromatographymass spectrometry
    • Meyer MR, Wilhelm J, Peters FT, et al. Beta-keto amphetamines: studies on the metabolism of the designer drug mephedrone and toxicological detection of mephedrone, butylone, and methylone in urine using gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010;397(3):1225-1233.
    • (2010) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.397 , Issue.3 , pp. 1225-1233
    • Meyer, M.R.1    Wilhelm, J.2    Peters, F.T.3
  • 50
    • 84860488943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin syndrome associated with MDPV use: A case report
    • Mugele J, Nanagas KA, Tormoehlen LM. Serotonin syndrome associated with MDPV use: a case report. Ann Emerg Med 2012;60(1):100-102.
    • (2012) Ann Emerg Med , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 100-102
    • Mugele, J.1    Nanagas, K.A.2    Tormoehlen, L.M.3
  • 51
    • 33847113912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain
    • Nagai F, Nonaka R, Satoh Hisashi Kamimura K. The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 2007;559(2-3):132-137.
    • (2007) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.559 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 132-137
    • Nagai, F.1    Nonaka, R.2    Satoh Hisashi Kamimura, K.3
  • 52
    • 79953198986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urine analysis of 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone in opioid-dependent patients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Apr.
    • Ojanpera IA, Heikman PK, Rasanen IJ. Urine analysis of 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone in opioid-dependent patients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit. 2011 Apr; 33(2):257-63.
    • (2011) Ther Drug Monit. , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-263
    • Ojanpera, I.A.1    Heikman, P.K.2    Rasanen, I.J.3
  • 54
    • 77957223512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, England: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 2009a, Accessed December 28, 2012
    • Psychonaut Web Mapping Research Group. Mephedrone Report. London, England: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 2009a. Available at: http://www.psychonautproject.eu/documents/reports/Mephedrone.pdf. Accessed December 28, 2012.
    • Mephedrone Report
  • 55
    • 84875526553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, England: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 2009b. June 8, Accessed December 28, 2012
    • Psychonaut WebMapping Research Group. MDPV Report. London, England: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 2009b. June 8, 2010. Available at: http://www.psychonautproject.eu/documents/reports/MDPV.pdf. Accessed December 28, 2012.
    • (2010) MDPV Report
  • 56
    • 0035218082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin
    • Rothman RB, Baumann MH, Dersch CM, et al. Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. Synapse 2001;39(1):32-41.
    • (2001) Synapse , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-41
    • Rothman, R.B.1    Baumann, M.H.2    Dersch, C.M.3
  • 57
    • 84855710359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis due to 'bath salts' injection
    • Russo R, Marks N, Morris K, et al. Life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis due to 'bath salts' injection. Orthopedics 2012;35(1):e124-e127.
    • (2012) Orthopedics , vol.35 , Issue.1
    • Russo, R.1    Marks, N.2    Morris, K.3
  • 58
    • 79953647218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone; 'meow meow'): Chemical, pharmacological and clinical issues
    • Schifano F, Albanese A, Fergus S, et al. Mephedrone (4- methylmethcathinone; 'meow meow'): chemical, pharmacological and clinical issues. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011;214(3):593-602.
    • (2011) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.214 , Issue.3 , pp. 593-602
    • Schifano, F.1    Albanese, A.2    Fergus, S.3
  • 59
    • 79551628856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Legal highs" on the net-evaluation of UK-based Websites, products and product information
    • Schmidt MM, Sharma A, Schifano F, et al. "Legal highs" on the net-evaluation of UK-based Websites, products and product information. Forensic Sci Int 2011;206(1-3):92-97.
    • (2011) Forensic Sci Int , vol.206 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 92-97
    • Schmidt, M.M.1    Sharma, A.2    Schifano, F.3
  • 60
  • 61
    • 79953041526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylone and monoamine transporters: Correlation with toxicity
    • Sogawa C, Sogawa N, Ohyama K, et al. Methylone and monoamine transporters: correlation with toxicity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2011;9(1):58-62.
    • (2011) Curr Neuropharmacol , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-62
    • Sogawa, C.1    Sogawa, N.2    Ohyama, K.3
  • 62
    • 80051712042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of "bath salts" and "legal highs" (synthetic cathinones) in the United States
    • Spiller HA, Ryan ML, Weston RG, et al. Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of "bath salts" and "legal highs" (synthetic cathinones) in the United States. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2011;49(6):499-505.
    • (2011) Clin Toxicol (Phila) , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 499-505
    • Spiller, H.A.1    Ryan, M.L.2    Weston, R.G.3
  • 63
    • 81955164869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute psychotic sequelae of "bath salts"
    • Striebel JM, Pierre JM. Acute psychotic sequelae of "bath salts." Schizophr Res 2011;133(1-3):259-260.
    • (2011) Schizophr Res , vol.133 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 259-260
    • Striebel, J.M.1    Pierre, J.M.2
  • 64
    • 84887955662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 33. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2009.
    • (2009) Treatment of Stimulant use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series , Issue.33
  • 65
    • 84887947935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. The NSDUH Report: Trends in Adolescent Substance Use and Perception of Risk from Substance Use. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2013.
    • (2013) The NSDUH Report: Trends in Adolescent Substance use and Perception of Risk from Substance use
  • 66
    • 53249151936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of designer drugs detected in the products purchased in fiscal year 2006
    • Uchiyama N, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Kawahara N, et al. Analysis of designer drugs detected in the products purchased in fiscal year 2006. Yakugaku Zasshi 2008;128(10):1499-1505.
    • (2008) Yakugaku Zasshi , vol.128 , Issue.10 , pp. 1499-1505
    • Uchiyama, N.1    Kikura-Hanajiri, R.2    Kawahara, N.3
  • 67
    • 77955843865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNODC, New York: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). UNODC, World Drug Report-2009. New York: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2009.
    • (2009) UNODC, World Drug Report-2009
  • 69
    • 84873988901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the behavioral and cardiovascular effects of mephedrone with other drugs of abuse in rats
    • Varner KJ, Daigle K, Weed PF, et al. Comparison of the behavioral and cardiovascular effects of mephedrone with other drugs of abuse in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013;225(3):675-85.
    • (2013) Psychopharmacology (Berl). , vol.225 , Issue.3 , pp. 675-685
    • Varner, K.J.1    Daigle, K.2    Weed, P.F.3
  • 70
    • 0346848760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expectation enhances the regional brain metabolic and the reinforcing effects of stimulants in cocaine abusers
    • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Ma Y, et al. Expectation enhances the regional brain metabolic and the reinforcing effects of stimulants in cocaine abusers. J Neurosci 2003;23(36):11461-11468.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , Issue.36 , pp. 11461-11468
    • Volkow, N.D.1    Wang, G.J.2    Ma, Y.3
  • 71
    • 33751249319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the relative reinforcing strength of (+/-)-3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its isomers in rhesus monkeys: Comparison to (+)-methamphetamine
    • Wang Z, Woolverton WL. Estimating the relative reinforcing strength of (+/-)-3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its isomers in rhesus monkeys: comparison to (+)-methamphetamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007;189(4):483-488.
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.189 , Issue.4 , pp. 483-488
    • Wang, Z.1    Woolverton, W.L.2
  • 72
    • 84870679291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry-the 2011 experience
    • on behalf of the Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry Investigators
    • Wiegand TJ, Wax PM, Schwartz T, et al.; on behalf of the Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry Investigators. The Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry-the 2011 experience. J Med Toxicol 2012;8(4):360-377.
    • (2012) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 360-377
    • Wiegand, T.J.1    Wax, P.M.2    Schwartz, T.3
  • 73
    • 77950362496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What should be done about mephedrone?
    • Winstock AR, Marsden J, Mitcheson L. What should be done about mephedrone? BMJ 2010a; 340: c1605.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Marsden, J.2    Mitcheson, L.3
  • 74
    • 78149303571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone: Still available and twice the price
    • Winstock A, Mitcheson L, Marsden J. Mephedrone: still available and twice the price. Lancet 2010b; 376(9752):1537.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , Issue.9752 , pp. 1537
    • Winstock, A.1    Mitcheson, L.2    Marsden, J.3
  • 75
    • 78650015521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone, new kid for the chop?
    • Winstock AR, Mitcheson LR, Deluca P, et al. Mephedrone, new kid for the chop? Addiction 2011a; 106(1):154-161.
    • (2011) Addiction , vol.106 , Issue.1 , pp. 154-161
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Mitcheson, L.R.2    Deluca, P.3
  • 76
    • 79960603129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone: Use, subjective effects and health risks
    • Winstock AR, Mitcheson LR, Ramsey J, et al. Mephedrone: use, subjective effects and health risks. Addiction 2011b; 106(11):1991-1996.
    • (2011) Addiction , vol.106 , Issue.11 , pp. 1991-1996
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Mitcheson, L.R.2    Ramsey, J.3
  • 77
    • 78650470484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case series of individuals with analytically confirmed acute mephedrone toxicity
    • Wood DM, Davies S, Greene SL, et al. Case series of individuals with analytically confirmed acute mephedrone toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010;48(9):924-927.
    • (2010) Clin Toxicol (Phila) , vol.48 , Issue.9 , pp. 924-927
    • Wood, D.M.1    Davies, S.2    Greene, S.L.3
  • 78
    • 78650726892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pattern of toxicity associated with the novel synthetic cathinone mephedrone
    • Wood DM, Greene SL, Dargan PI. Clinical pattern of toxicity associated with the novel synthetic cathinone mephedrone. Emerg Med J 2011;28(4):280-282.
    • (2011) Emerg Med J , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 280-282
    • Wood, D.M.1    Greene, S.L.2    Dargan, P.I.3
  • 79
    • 84865628130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, 4MMC) and D-methamphetamine improve visuospatial associative memory, but not spatial working memory, in rhesus macaques
    • Wright M J Jr, Vandewater SA, Angrish D, et al. Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, 4MMC) and D-methamphetamine improve visuospatial associative memory, but not spatial working memory, in rhesus macaques. Br J Pharmacol 2012;167(6):1342-1352.
    • (2012) Br J Pharmacol , vol.167 , Issue.6 , pp. 1342-1352
    • Wright Jr., M.J.1    Vandewater, S.A.2    Angrish, D.3
  • 80
    • 84875944766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation due to "bath salts" resulting in fatalities, with laboratory confirmation
    • Young AC, Schwarz ES, Velez LI, et al. Two cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation due to "bath salts" resulting in fatalities, with laboratory confirmation. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(2):445.
    • (2013) Am J Emerg Med. , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 445
    • Young, A.C.1    Schwarz, E.S.2    Velez, L.I.3
  • 81
    • 79955465394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of illicit drugs in seized materials: Role of sampling and analysis in estimation of measurement uncertainty
    • Zamengo L, Frison G, Gregio M, et al. Determination of illicit drugs in seized materials: role of sampling and analysis in estimation of measurement uncertainty. Forensic Sci Int 2011;208(1-3):108-123.
    • (2011) Forensic Sci Int , vol.208 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 108-123
    • Zamengo, L.1    Frison, G.2    Gregio, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.