Immunomodulatory role of Emblica officinalis in arsenic induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in thymocytes of mice

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Singh, Manish K ^a   Yadav, Suraj S ^a   Gupta, Vineeta ^a   Khattri, Sanjay ^a  

^a KING GEORGE'S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Arsenic; Emblica officinalis; Oxidative stress; Thymocytes

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC; CASPASE 3; CATALASE; CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE; EMBLICA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT; GLUTATHIONE; LIPOCORTIN 5; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; IMMUNOLOGIC FACTOR; PLANT EXTRACT;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CELL CYCLE G1 PHASE; CELL VIABILITY; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA DAMAGE; EMBLICA OFFICINALIS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FLUID INTAKE; FOOD INTAKE; IC 50; IMMUNOMODULATION; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MALE; MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION; MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; THYMOCYTE; ANIMAL; BAGG ALBINO MOUSE; CELL CULTURE; CELL SURVIVAL; CHEMISTRY; CYTOLOGY; DRUG EFFECT; GENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; THYMUS;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; ARSENIC; CASPASE 3; CELL SURVIVAL; CELLS, CULTURED; IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED BALB C; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA; PLANT EXTRACTS; THYMOCYTES; THYMUS GLAND;

EID: 84880954801     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726882     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-193     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Das AK, Bag S, Sahu R, Dua TK, Sinha MK, Gangopadhyay M, et al. Protective effect of Corchorus olitorius leaves on sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in experimental rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010, 48:326-335. 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.020, 19852998.
2. Flora SJS. Arsenic-induced oxidative stress and its reversibility. Free Rad Biol Med 2011, 51:257-281. 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.008, 21554949.
3. Chaineau E, Binet S, Pol D, Chatellier G, Meininger V. Embryotoxic effects of sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate on mouse embryos in culture. Teratology 1990, 41:105-112. 10.1002/tera.1420410111, 2305370.
4. Chiou HY, Huang WI, Su C, Chang SF, Hsu YH, Chen CJ. Dose response relationship between prevalence of cerebrovascular disease and ingested inorganic arsenic. Stroke 1997, 28:1717-1723. 10.1161/01.STR.28.9.1717, 9303014.
5. Rodriguez VM, Carrizales L, Jimenez-Capdeville MF, Dufour L, Giordano M. The effects of sodium arsenite exposure on behavioral parameters in the rat. Brain Res Bull 2001, 55:301-308. 10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00477-4, 11470331.
6. WHO Arsenic and arsenic compounds. Inter-organization programme for the sound management of chemicals. 2nd ed. Environmental health criteria 224 2001, Geneva: World Health Organization, WHO.
7. Del Razo LM, Garcia-Vargas GG, Garcia-Salcedo J, Sanmiguel MF, Rivera M, Hernandez MC, Cebrian ME. Arsenic levels in cooked food and assessment of adult dietary intake of arsenic in the Region Lagunera, Mexico. Food Chem Toxicol 2002, 40:1423-1431. 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00074-1, 12387304.
8. Rahman M. Arsenic and contamination of drinking water in Bangladesh: a public health perspective. J Health Popul Nutr 2002, 20:193-197.
9. Kapaj S, Peterson H, Liber K, Bhattacharya P. Human health effects from chronic arsenic poisoning-a review. J. Environ. Sci Health 2006, 41:2399-2428.
10. Andrew AS, Jewell DA, Mason RA, Whitfield ML, Moore JH, Karagas MR. Drinking-water arsenic exposure modulates gene expression in human lymphocytes from a U.S. population. Environ Health Perspect 2008, 116:524-531. 10.1289/ehp.10861, 2290973, 18414638.
11. Bolt AM, Byrd RM, Klimecki WT. Autophagy is the predominant process induced by arsenite in human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010, 244:366-373. 10.1016/j.taap.2010.01.019, 2849852, 20153345.
12. Bolt AM, Douglas RM, Klimecki WT. Arsenite exposure in human lymphoblastoid cell lines induces autophagy and coordinated induction of lysosomal genes. Toxicol Lett 2010, 30:153-159.
13. Banerjee N, Nandy S, Kearns JK, Bandyopadhyay AK, Das JK, Majumdez P, Basu S, Banerjee S, Sau TJ, States JC, Giri AK. Polymorphisms in the TNF-and alpha; and IL10-gene promoters and risk of arsenic-induced skin lesions and other non-dermatological health effects. Toxicol Sci 2011, Feb 25. [Epub ahead of print].
14. Raqib R, Ahmed S, Sultana R, Wagatsuma Y, Mondal D, Hoque AM, Nermell B, Yunus M, Roy S, Persson LA, Arifeen SE, Moore S, Vahter M. Effects of in utero arsenic exposure on child immunity and morbidity in rural Bangladesh. Toxicol Lett 2009, 185:197-202. 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.001, 19167470.
15. Moore SE, Prentice AM, Wagatsuma Y, Fulford AJ, Collinson AC, Raqib R, Vahter M, Persson LA, Arifeen SE. Early-life nutritional and environmental determinants of thymic size in infants born in rural Bangladesh. Acta Paediatr 2009, 98:1168-1175. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01292.x, 2721967, 19432828.
16. Escobar J, Varela-Nallar L, Coddou C, Nelson P, Maisey K, Valdes D, Aspee A, Espinosa V, Rozas C, Montoya M, Mandiola C, Rodríguez FE, Acuna-Castillo C, Escobar A, Fernández R, Diaz H, Sandoval M, Imarai M, Rios M. Oxidative damage in lymphocytes of copper smelter workers correlated to higher levels of excreted arsenic. Mediators Inflamm 2010, 2010:403830. 3022209, 21253489.
17. Ahmed S, Mahabbat-e Khoda S, Rekha RS, Gardner RM, Ameer SS, Moore S, Ekstrom EC, Vahter M, Raqib R. Arsenic-associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune disruption in human placenta and cord blood. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:258-264. 3040615, 20940111.
18. Rahman M, Axelson O. Diabetes-mellitus and aqrsenic exposer-a second look at case controldata from a Swedish copper smelter. Occup Environ Med 1995, 52:773-774. 10.1136/oem.52.11.773, 1128360, 8535499.
19. Kitchin KT. Recent advances in arsenic carcinogenesis: modes of action, animals model system, and methylated arsenic metabolites. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001, 172:249-261. 10.1006/taap.2001.9157, 11312654.
20. Stepnik M, Stanczyk M, Arkusz J, Lewinska D. Assessment of apoptosis in thymocytes and splenocytes from mice exposed to arsenate in drinking water: cytotoxic effects of arsenate on the cells in vitro. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2005, 40:369-84. 10.1081/ESE-200045629, 15717782.
21. Sharma A, Sharma MK, Kumar M. Modulatory role of Emblica officinalis fruit extract against arsenic induced oxidative stress in swiss albino mice. Chemico-Biol Interaction 2009, 180:20-30.
22. Schaumloffel N, Gebel T. Heterogeneity of the DNA damage provoked by antimony and arsenic. Mutagenesis 1998, 13:281-286. 10.1093/mutage/13.3.281, 9643588.
23. Mukherjee S, Roy M, Dey S, Bhattacharya RK. A mechanistic approach for modulation of arsenic toxicity in human lymphocytes by curcumin, an active constituent of medicinal herb Curcuma longa Linn. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr 2007, 41:32-42. 10.3164/jcbn.2007005, 2274986, 18392098.
24. Ramirez P, Del Razo LM, Gutierrez-Ruiz MC, Gonsebatt ME. Arsenite induces DNA-protein crosslinks and cytokeratin expression in the WRL-68 human hepatic cell line. Carcinogenesis 2000, 21:701-706. 10.1093/carcin/21.4.701, 10753206.
25. Li D, Morimoto K, Takeshita T, Lu Y. Formamidopyrimidine- DNA glycosylase enhances arsenic-induced DNA strand breaks in PHA-stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes. Environ Health Perspect 2001, 109:523-526. 1240575, 11544157.
26. Abernathy CO, Liu YP, Longfellow D, Aposhian HV, Fowler B, Goyer R, Menzer R, Rossman T, Thompson C, Walkes M. Arsenic: health effects, mechanisms of actions and research issues. Environ Health Perspect 1999, 107:593-597. 10.1289/ehp.99107593, 1566656, 10379007.
27. Basu A, Mahata J, Gupta S, Giri AK. Genetic toxicology of a paradoxical human carcinogen, arsenic: a review. Mutat Res 2001, 488:171-194. 10.1016/S1383-5742(01)00056-4, 11344043.
28. Yadav RS, Sankhwar ML, Shukla RK, Chandra R, Pant AB, Islam F, Khanna VK. Attenuation of arsenic neurotoxicity by curcumin in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009, 240:367-376. 10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.017, 19631675.
29. Yadav RS, Sankhwar ML, Shukla RK, Chandravanshi LP, Ansari RW, Shukla PK, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Neuroprotective efficacy of curcumin in arsenic induced cholinergic dysfunctions in rats. Neurotoxicology 2011, 32:760-768. 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.07.004, 21839772.
30. Sai Ram M, Neetu D, Yogesh B, Anju B, Dipti P, Pauline T, Sharma SK, Sarada SK, Ilavazhagan G, Kumar D, Selvamurthy W. Cyto-protectiveand immunomodulating properties of Amla (Emblica officinalis) on lymphocytes: an in-vitro study. J Ethnopharmacol 2002, 81:5-10. 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00421-4, 12020921.
31. Khandelwal S, Shukla LJ, Shanker R. Modulation of acute Cadmium toxicity by by Emblica officinalis fruit in rat. Exp Bio 2002, 40:564-570.
32. Poltanov EA, Shikov AN, Dorman HJD, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarov VG, Tikhonov VP, et al. Chemical and antioxidant evaluation of Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn., syn. Phyllanthus emblica L.) supplements. J Phytotherapy Res 2009, 23:1309-1315.
33. Sreeramulu D, Raghunath M. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of roots, tubers and vegetables commonly consumed in India. Food Res Int 2009, 43:1017-1020.
34. Adams LS, Seeram NP, Aggarwal BB, Takada YS, Heber D. Pomegranate juice, total pomegranate ellagitannins, and punicalagin suppress inflammatory cell signaling in colon cancer cells. J Agri Food Chem 2006, 54:980-985.
35. Institoris L, Siroki O, Undeger U, Basaran N, Desi I. Immunotoxicological investigation in rats dosed repeatedly with combinations of cypermethrin, As (III), and Hg(II). Toxicology 2002, 172:59-67. 10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00589-3, 11844615.
36. El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, Radwan FM. Ameliorating effect of curcumin on sodium arsenite-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in different rat organs. Food Chem Toxicol 2009, 47:249-254. 10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.013, 19049818.
37. Liu X, Cui C, Zhao M, et al. Identification of phenolics in the fruit of emblica (Phyllanthus emblica L.) and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2008, 109:909-915.
38. Luo W, Zhao M, Yang B, Shen G, Rao G. Idntification of bioactive compounds in Phllenthus emblica L. fruit and their free radical scavenging activities. Food Chem 2009, 114:499-504.
39. Yang B, Zhao MM, Prasad KN, Jiang GX, Jiang YM. Effect of methylation on the structure and radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit pericarp. Food Chem 2010, 118:364-368.
40. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 1988, 65:55-63.
41. Ohkawa H, Osishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxide in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979, 251:351-358.
42. Moron MS, Depierre JW, Mannervik B. Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 1979, 582:67-78. 10.1016/0304-4165(79)90289-7, 760819.
43. Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in auto oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 1974, 47:469-474. 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x, 4215654.
44. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, Volume 105 1984, 121-126. Packer L, Academic Press, New York.
45. Pathak N, Khandelwal S. Immunomodulatory role of piperine in cadmium induced thymic atrophy and spleenomegaly in mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2009, 28:52-60. 10.1016/j.etap.2009.02.003, 21783982.
46. Paglia DE, Valentine WM. Studies on the qualitative and quantitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 1967, 70:158-169.
47. Bai J, Rodriquez AM, Melendez JA, Cederbaum AI. Over expression of catalase in Cytosolic or mitochondrial compartment protects HepG2 cells against oxidative injury. J Biochem 1999, 274:26217-24.
48. Darzynkiewicz Z, Juan G, Li X, Gorczca W, Murakami T, Traganos F. Cytometry in cells necrobiology: analysis of apoptosis and accidental cell death (necrosis). Cytometry 1997, 27:1-20. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19970101)27:1<1::AID-CYTO2>3.0.CO;2-L, 9000580.
49. Vermes I, Haanen C, Steffens-Nakken H, Recutelings-Perger C. Anovel assay for apoptosis, flow cytometric detetion of phosphatidy/serine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein-labeled Annexin V. J Immunol method 1995, 184:39-44.
50. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951, 193:263-275.
51. Gupta R, Flora SJ. Effect of Centella asiatica on arsenic induced oxidative stress and metal distribution in rats. J Applied Toxicol 2006, 26:213-222.
52. Banerjee N, Banerjee M, Ganguly S, Bandyopadhyay S, Das JK, Bandyopadhay A, Chatterjee M, Giri AK. Arsenic-induced mitochondrial instability leading to programmed cell death in the exposed individuals. Toxicology 2008, 246:101-111. 10.1016/j.tox.2007.12.029, 18304716.
53. Majumdar S, Karmakar S, Maiti A, Choudhury M, Ghosh A, Das AS, Mitra C. Arsenic-induced hepatic mitochondrial toxicity in rats and its amelioration by dietary phosphate. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2011, 31:107-118. 10.1016/j.etap.2010.09.011, 21787675.
54. Maeda H, Hori S, Nishitoh H, Ichijo H, Ogawa O, Kakehi Y, Kakizuka A. Tumor growth inhibition by arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the orthotopic metastasis model of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2001, 61:5432-5440.
55. Hossain K, Akhand AA, Kato M, Du J, Takeda K, Wu J, Takeuchi K, Liu W, Suzuki H, Nakashima I. Arsenite induces apoptosis of murine T lymphocytes through membrane raft-linked signaling for activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase. J Immunol 2000, 165:4290-4297.
56. Martin-Chouly C, Morzadec C, Bonvalet M, Galibert MD, Fardel O, Vernhet L. Inorganic arsenic alters expression of immune and stress response genes in activated primary human T lymphocytes. Mol Immunol 2011, 48:956-965. 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.01.005, 21281968.
57. Bustamante J, Dock L, Vahter M, Fowler B, Orrenius S. The semiconductor elements arsenic and indium induce apoptosis in rat thymocytes. Toxicology 1997, 118:129-136. 10.1016/S0300-483X(96)03607-4, 9129167.
58. Flora SJS, Bhatt K, Mehta A. Arsenic moiety in gallium arsenide is responsible for neurona apoptosis and behavioral alterations in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009, 240:236-244. 10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.013, 19460394.
59. Schulz H, Nagymajtényi L, Institoris L, Papp A, Siroki O. A study on behavioral, neurotoxicological, and immunotoxicological effects of sub-chronic arsenic treatment in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2002, 65:1181-1193. 10.1080/152873902760125390, 12167215.
60. Karim MR, Haque A, Islam K, Ali N, Salam KA, Saud ZA, Hossain E, Fajol A, Akhand AA, Himeno S, Hossain K. Protective effects of the dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on sodium arsenite-induced biochemical perturbation in mice. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2010, 36:82-88.
61. Ferreira M, Matos RC, Oliveira H, Nunes B, Pereira MD. Impairment of mice spermatogenesis by sodium arsenite. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011, Apr 13. [Epub ahead of print].
62. Yildirim A, Oktay M, Bulaloulu V. The antioxidant activity of the leaves of Cydonia vulgaris. Turkish J Med Sci 2001, 31:23-27.
63. Dash DK, Yeligar VC, Nayak SS, Ghosh T, Rajalingam D, Sengupta P, Maiti BC, Maity T. Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn.) R.Br. on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Trop J Pharmaceu Res 2007, 6:755-765.
64. Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Paramahamsa M, Varadacharyulu NC. Amelioration of alcohol-induced oxidative stress by Emblica officinalis (amla) in rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010, 47:20-25.
65. Kumar MR, Reddy AG, Anjaneyulu Y, Reddy GD. Oxidative stress induced by lead and antioxidant potential of certain adaptogens in poultry. Toxicol Int 2010, 17:45-48. 10.4103/0971-6580.72668, 2997453, 21170243.
66. Haque R, Bin-Hafeez B, Ahmad I, Parvez S, Pandey S, Raisuddin S. Protective effects of Emblica officinalis Gaertn in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2001, 20:643-650. 10.1191/096032701718890568, 11936579.
67. Srikumar R, Parthasarathy NJ, Manikandan S, Narayanan GS, Sheeladevi R. Effect of Triphala on oxidative stress and on cell-mediated immune response against noise stress in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 1996, 283:67-74.
68. Bhattacharya A, Chatterjee A, Ghosal S, Bhattacharya SK. Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principle of Emblica officinalis (Amla). Indian J Exp Biol 1999, 37:676-680.
69. Bandyopadhyay SK, Pakrashi SC, Pakrashi A. The role of antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on prevention from indomethacin induced gastric ulcer. J Ethnopharmacol 2000, 70:171-176. 10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00146-4, 10771207.
70. Roy AK, Dhir H, Sharma A. Modification of metal-induced micronuclei formation in mouse bone marrow erythrocytes by Phyllanthus fruit extract and ascorbic acid. Toxicol Lett 1992, 62:9-17. 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90072-R, 1509511.