Modeling how surface nitrogen fixation influences subsurface nutrient patterns in the North Atlantic

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 118, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 2520-2534

  Yoshikawa, Chisato ^a   Coles, Victoria J ^b   Hood, Raleigh R ^b   Capone, Douglas G ^c   Yoshida, Naohiro ^a  

^a Tokyo Institute of Technology ^*  (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

nitrogen fixation; North Atlantic; nutrient patterns

Indexed keywords

ADVECTION; NUTRIENTS; OCEANOGRAPHY;

DIRECT MEASUREMENT; HORIZONTAL ADVECTION; ISOPYCNAL SURFACES; NORTH ATLANTIC; REMINERALIZATION; SUBSURFACE WATERS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS;

NITROGEN FIXATION;

ADVECTION; BOUNDARY CURRENT; FLOW MODELING; NITROGEN FIXATION; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; OPTIMIZATION; SUBTERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH);

EID: 84880745817     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.20165     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Abell, J., S. Emerson, and, P. Renaud, (2000), Distributions of TOP, TON, and TOC in the North Pacific subtropical gyre: Implications for nutrient supply in the surface ocean and remineralization in the upper thermocline, J. Mar. Res., 58, 203-222. (Pubitemid 30649232)
2. Aminot, A., and, R. Kërouel, (2004), Dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the N-E Atlantic and the N-W Mediterranean with particular reference to non-refractory fractions and degradation, Deep Sea Res. I, 51, 1975-1999. (Pubitemid 39527220)
3. Anderson, R. F., and, G. M. Henderson, (2005), GEOTRACES A global study of the marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes, Oceanography, 18, 76-79.
4. Benitez-Nelson, C. R., L. O. Madden, R. M. Styles, R. C. Thunell, and, Y. Astor, (2007), Inorganic and organic sinking particulate phosphorus fluxes across the oxic/anoxic water column of Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Mar. Chem., 105, 90-100. (Pubitemid 46670599)
5. Bleck, R., (2002), An oceanic general circulation model framed in hybrid isopycnic-cartesian coordinates, Ocean Model., 4, 55-88. (Pubitemid 38453971)
6. Capone, D. G., J. P. Zehr, H. W. Paerl, B. Bergman, and, E. J. Carpenter, (1997), Trichodesmium: a globally significant marine cyanobacterium, Science, 276, 1221-1229.
7. Capone, D. G., J. A. Burns, J. P. Montoya, A. F. Michaels, A. Subramaniam, and, E. J. Carpenter, (2005), Nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium spp.: An important source of new nitrogen to the tropical North Atlantic Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB2024, doi: 10.1029/2004GB002331. (Pubitemid 41576423)
8. Carder, K. L., R. G. Steward, G. R. Harvey, and, P. B. Ortner, (1989), Marine humic and fulvic acids: their effects on remote sensing of ocean chlorophyll, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 68-81.
9. Carpenter, E. J., (1983), Nitrogen fixation by marine Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) in the world's oceans, in Nitrogen in the Marine Environment, edited by, E. Carpenter, and, D. G. Capone, pp. 65-103, Academic, San Diego, Calif.
10. Carpenter, E. J., and, C. C. Price, (1977), Nitrogen fixation, distribution, and production of Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) spp. in the western Sargasso and Caribbean Seas, Limnol. Oceanogr., 22 (1), 60-72.
11. Castro, C. G., M. Nieto-Cid, X. A. Álvarez-Salgado, and, F. F. Pérez, (2006), Local remineralization patterns in the mesopelagic zone of the Eastern North Atlantic, off the NW Iberian Peninsula, Deep-Sea Res. I, 53, 1925-1940. (Pubitemid 44779274)
12. Chassignet, E. P., L. T. Smith, G. R. Halliwell, and, R. Bleck, (2003), North Atlantic simulation with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM): Impact of the vertical coordinate choice, reference density, and thermobaricity, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 2504-2526. (Pubitemid 38122805)
13. Christian, J. R., M. A. Verschell, R. Murtugudde, A. J. Busalacchi, and, C. R. McClain, (2002), Biogeochemical modeling of the tropical Pacific Ocean. II: Iron biogeochemistry, Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 545-565. (Pubitemid 34045585)
14. Clark, L. L., E. D. Ingall, and, R. Benner, (1998), Marine phosphorus is selectively remineralized, Nature, 393, 426-426.
15. -1 vs the concept of homeostasis in the fixed-nitrogen inventory, Biogeosci., 4, 233-253. (Pubitemid 46724313)
16. Codispoti, L., J. A. Brandes, J. Christensen, A. Devol, S. Naqvi, H. W. Paerl, and, T. Yoshinari, (2001), The oceanic fixed nitrogen and nitrous oxide budgets: Moving targets as we enter the anthropocene?, Sci. Marina (Barcelona), 65 (suppl. 2), 85-105. (Pubitemid 33102466)
17. Coles, V. J., and, R. R. Hood, (2007), Modeling the impact of iron and phosphorus limitations on nitrogen fixation in the Atlantic Ocean, Biogeoscienced, 4, 455-497.
18. Coles, V. J., R. R. Hood, M. Pascual, and, D. G. Capone, (2004), Modeling the effects of Trichodesmium and nitrogen fixation in the Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C06007, doi: 10.1029/2002JC001754. (Pubitemid 39174559)
19. Conkright, M. E., S. Levitus, and, T. P. Boyer, (1994), World Ocean Atlas 1994, Volume 1: Nutrients. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 1. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD.
20. Del Vecchio, R., and, A. Subramaniam, (2004), Influence of the Amazon River on the surface optical properties of the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C11001, doi: 10.1029/2004JC002503.
21. DeMaster, D. J., and, R. C. Aller, (2001), Biogeochemical Processes on the Amazon Shelf: Changes in Dissolved and Particulate Fluxes During River/Ocean Mixing, in Biogeochemistry of Major World Rivers, edited by, E. T. Degens, S. Kempe, and, J. E. Richey, pp 323-347, Wiley, New York.
22. Deutsch, C., J. L. Sarmiento, D. M. Sigman, N. Gruber, and, J. P. Dunne, (2007), Spatial coupling of nitrogen inputs and losses in the ocean, Nature, 445, doi: 10.1038/nature05392. (Pubitemid 46095715)
23. Duce, R. A., et al. (1991), The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 5, 193-259.
24. Falcón, L. I., E. J. Carpenter, F. Cipriano, B. Bergman, and, D. G. Capone, (2004), N2 fixation by unicellular bacterioplankton from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans: Phylogeny and in situ rates, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70, 765-770. (Pubitemid 38568197)
25. Faul, K. L., A. Paytan, and, M. L. Delaney, (2005), Phosphorus distribution in sinking organic particulate matter, Mar. Chem., 97, 307-333. (Pubitemid 41572653)
26. Fung, I. Y., S. K. Meyn, I. Tegen, S. C. Doney, J. G. John, and, J. K. B. Bishop, (2000), Iron supply and demand in the upper ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cyc., 14, 281-295.
27. Gouretski, V. V., and, K. P. Koltermann, (2004), WOCE Global Hydrographic Climatology, Berichte., 24, 6-34.
28. Gruber, N., (2008), The marine nitrogen cycle: Overview of distributions and processes, in Nitrogen in the Marine Environment, 2nd ed., edited by, E. J. Carpenter, et al., Elsevier, Amsterdam.
29. Gruber, N., and, J. L. Sarmiento, (1997), Global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation and denitrification, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 11, 235-266.
30. Gruber, N., and, J. L. Sarmiento, (2002), Large scale biogeochemical-physical interactions in elemental cycles, in: The Sea, edited by:, A. R. Robinson, J. J. McCarthy, B. J. Rothschild, pp. 337-399, John Wiley, New York.
31. Halliwell, G. R., (2004), Evaluation of vertical coordinate and vertical mixing algorithms in the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), Ocean Model., 7, 285-322. (Pubitemid 38571142)
32. Hansell, D. A., N. R. Bates, and, D. B. Olson, (2004), Excess nitrate and nitrogen fixation in the Subtropical North Atlantic, Mar. Chem., 84, 243-265. (Pubitemid 38065677)
33. Hansell, D. A., D. B. Olson, F. Dentener, and, L. M. Zamora, (2007), Assessment of excess nitrate development in the subtropical North Atlantic, Mar. Chem., doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.06.005. (Pubitemid 47248072)
34. Hood, R. R., A. F. Michaels, and, D. G. Capone, (2000), Answers sought to the enigma of marine nitrogen fixation, EOS, 81 (133), 138-139.
35. Hood, R. R., N. R. Bates, D. G. Capone, and, D. B. Olson, (2001), Modeling the effect of nitrogen fixation on carbon and nitrogen fluxes at BATS, Deep-Sea Res. II, 48, 1609-1648. (Pubitemid 32434569)
36. Hood, R. R., V. J. Coles, and, D. G. Capone, (2004), Modeling the distribution of Trichodesmium and nitrogen fixation in the Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C06006, doi: 10.1029/2002JC001753. (Pubitemid 39174558)
37. Hu, C., E. T. Montgomery, R. W. Schmitt, and, F. E. Muller-Karger, (2004), The dispersal of the Amazon and Orinoco River water in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean Sea: observation from space and S-PALACE floats, Deep-Sea Res. II, 51, 1151-71. (Pubitemid 39526917)
38. Kallberg, P., P. Berrisford, B. Hoskins, A. Simmons, S. Uppala, S. Lamy-Thepaut, and, R. Hine, (2005), ERA-40 Atlas, 1-191.
39. Karl, D., R. Letelier, D. V. Hebel, D. F. Bird, and, C. D. Winn, (1992), Trichodesmium blooms and new nitrogen in the North Pacific gyre, in Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and Other Diazotrophs, edited by, E. Carpenter, D. G. Capone, and, J. G. Reuter, pp. 219-237, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
40. Knapp, A. N., P. J. DiFiore, C. Deutsch, D. M. Sigman, and, F. Lipschultz, (2008), Nitrate isotopic composition between Bermuda and Puerto Rico Implications for N2 fixation in the Atlantic Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB3014.
41. Krauk, J., J. Sohm, J. Montoya, T. A. Villareal, and, D. G. Capone, (2006), Plasticity and limits on N:P ratios in Trichodesmium spp.: A comparative study between field and cultured populations, Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 42, 243-253.
42. Landolfi, A., A. Oschlies, and, R. Sanders, (2008), Organic nutrients and excess nitrogen in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, Biogeosciences, 5, 1199-1213.
43. Lee, K., (2001), Global net community production estimated from the annual cycle of surface water total dissolved inorganic carbon, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1287-1297. (Pubitemid 32824606)
44. Lenes, J. M., B. P. Darrow, C. Cattrall, C. A. Heil, M. Callahan, J. M. Prospero, D. E. Bates, K. A. Fanning, and, J. J. Walsh, (2001), Iron fertilization and the Trichodesmium response on the West Florida shelf, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1261-1277. (Pubitemid 32824604)
45. Levitus, S., and, T. P. Boyer, (1994), World Ocean Atlas 1994, Vol. 4, Temperature, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4, U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD.
46. Levitus, S., R. Burgett, and, T. P. Boyer, (1994), World Ocean Atlas 1994, Vol. 3, Salinity, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD.
47. Luo, C., N. Mahowald, and, J. del Corral, (2003), Sensitivity study of meteorological parameters on mineral aerosol mobilization, transport and distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D12), 4447, doi: 10.1029/2003JD0003483.
48. Mahaffey, C., (2003), Biogeochemical signals for the supply of nitrogen to phytoplankton in the Atlantic Ocean, PhD thesis 332 pp., Univ. of Liverpool., at Liverpool, UK.
49. Mahowald, N., C. Luo, J. del Corral, and, C. Zender, (2003), Interannual variability in atmospheric mineral aerosols from a 22-year model simulations and observational data, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D12), 4352, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002821.
50. Mather, R. L., S. E. Reynolds, G. A. Wolff, R. G. Williams, S. Torres-Valdes, E. M. S. Woodward, A. Landolfi, X. Pan, R. Sanders, and, E. P. Achterberg, (2008), Phosphorus cycling in the North and South Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyres, Nat. Geosci., 1 (7), 439-443.
51. Meador, T. B., L. I. Aluwihare, and, C. Mahaffey, (2007), Isotopic heterogeneity and cycling of organic nitrogen in the oligotrophic ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 934-947. (Pubitemid 46827144)
52. Mills, M. M., C. Ridame, M. Davey, J. La Roche, and, R. J. Geider, (2004), Iron and phosphorus co-limit nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic, Nature, 429, 292-294. (Pubitemid 38684813)
53. Monteiro, F. M., M. J. Follows, and, S. Dutkiewicz, (2010), Distribution of diverse nitrogen fixers in the global ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 24, GB3017, doi: 10.1029/2009GB003731.
54. 2-fixation rate and diazotroph activity in the Tropical Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 4, 369-376. (Pubitemid 46986255)
55. Moore, C. M., et al. (2009), Large-scale distribution of Atlantic nitrogen fixation controlled by iron supply, Nat. Geosci., doi: 10.1038/Ngeo667.
56. Moore, J. K., S. C. Doney, D. M. Glover, and, I. Y. Fung, (2002), Iron cycling and nutrient-limitation patterns in surface waters of the World Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 463-507. (Pubitemid 34045583)
57. Mulholland, M. R., P. W. Bernhardt, C. A. Heil, D. A. Bronk, and, J. M. O'Neil, (2006), Nitrogen fixation and release of fixed nitrogen by Trichodesmium spp. in the Gulf of Mexico, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51 (4), 1762-1776. (Pubitemid 44185728)
58. 2 fixation by Trichodesmium spp. at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS), Deep-Sea Res., 48, 1583-1608. (Pubitemid 32434568)
59. Palter, J. B., M. S. Lozier, and, R. T. Barber, (2005), The effect of advection on the nutrient reservoir in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, Nature, 437, 687-692. (Pubitemid 41486532)
60. Palter, J. B., M. S. Lozier, J. L. Sarmiento, and, R. G. Williams, (2011), The supply of excess phosphate across the Gulf Stream and the maintenance of subtropical nitrogen fixation, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 25 (4), GB4007.
61. Paytan, A., B. Cade-Menun, K. McLaughlin, and, K. L. Faul, (2003), Selective phosphorus regeneration of sinking marine particles: evidence from 31P-NMR, Marine Chemistry, 82, 55-70. (Pubitemid 36715006)
62. Paytan, A., and, K. McLaughlin,. (2007), The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle, Chem. Rev., 107, 563-576. (Pubitemid 46381033)
63. Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum, and, F. A. Richard, (1963), The influence of organisms on the composition of seawater, in The Sea, edited by, M. N. Hill, pp. 27-77, Interscience, New York.
64. Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S. A., A. B. Kustka, C. J. Gobler, D. A. Hutchins, M. Yang, K. Lwiza, J. Burns, D. G. Capone, J. A. Raven, and, E. J. Carpenter, (2001), Phosphorus limitation of nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium in the central Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 411, 66-69. (Pubitemid 32428189)
65. Shaffer, G., (1996), Biogeochemical cycling in the global ocean 2. New production, Redfield ratios, and remineralization in the organic pump, J. Geophys. Res., 101 (C2), 3723-3745.
66. Siegel, D. A., and, W. G. Deuser, (1997), Trajectories of sinking particles in the Sargasso Sea: modeling of statistical funnels above deepocean sediment traps, Deep-Sea Res., 44, 1519-1541. (Pubitemid 27493003)
67. Staal, M., S. L. Hekkert, G. J. Brummer, M. Veldhuis, C. Sikkens, S. Persijn, and, L. J. Stal, (2007), Nitrogen fixation along a north-south transect in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52 (4), 1305-1316. (Pubitemid 47121545)
68. Subramaniam A., et al. (2008), Amazon River enhances diazotrophy and carbon sequestration in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105, 10,460-10,465.
69. Tortell, P. D., M. M. Maldonado, J. Granger, and, N. M. Price, (1999), Marine bacteria and biogeochemical cycling of iron in the oceans, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 29, 1-11. (Pubitemid 29189167)
70. Tyrrell, T., E. Marañón, A. Poulton, A. R. Bowie, D. S. Harbour, and, E. M. S. Woodward, (2003), Large-scale latitudinal distribution of Trichodesmium spp. in the Atlantic Ocean, J. Plankton Res., 25, 405-416. (Pubitemid 36453366)
71. Vargo, G. A., et al. (2004), Four Karenia brevis blooms: A comparative analysis, In: Proceedings of the Xth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, K. A. Steidinger, J. Landsberg, C. R. Tomas, and G. A. Vargo (eds.). Pp. 14-16, FL. Fish Wildlif. Conser. Comm. And Intergov. Oceanogr. Comm. Of UNESCO.
72. Vidal, M., C. M. Duarte, and, S. Agusti, (1999), Dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus pools and fluxes in the central Atlantic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 106-115. (Pubitemid 29077772)
73. Voss, M., P. Croot, K. Lochte, M. Mills, and, I. Peeken, (2004), Patterns of nitrogen fixation along 10N in the tropical Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L23S09, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020127.
74. Vrede, K., M. Heldal, S. Norland, and, G. Bratbak, (2002), Elemental composition (C, N, P) and cell volume of exponentially growing and nutrient-limited bacterioplankton, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68 (6), 2965-2971. (Pubitemid 34602020)
75. White, A. E., Y. H. Spitz, D. M. Karl, and, R. M. Letelier, (2006), Flexible elemental stoichiometry in Trichodesmium spp. and its ecological implications, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 1777-1790. (Pubitemid 44185729)
76. Yamamoto-Kawai, M., E. Carmack, and, F. McLaughlin, (2006), Nitrogen balance and Arctic throughflow, Nature, 443 (7107), 43-43.
77. Zamora, L. M., A. Landolfi, A. Oschlies, D. A. Hansell, H. Dietze, and, F. Dentener, (2010), Atmospheric deposition of nutrients and excess N formation in the North Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 7, 777-793.