The effect of advection on the nutrient reservoir in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre

Nature

Volumn 437, Issue 7059, 2005, Pages 687-692

  Palter, Jaime B ^a   Lozier, M Susan ^a   Barber, Richard T ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MARINE BIOLOGY; NATURAL CONVECTION;

CONVECTIVE MIXING; GYRES; NUTRIENT RESERVOIRS; SUNLIT SURFACE LAYERS;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

WATER; CHLOROPHYLL; NITRATE; SEA WATER;

ADVECTION; GYRE; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; OCEANIC CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL REGION;

ADVECTION; ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); NUTRIENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODUCTIVITY; SEA; WINTER; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CHEMISTRY; DIFFUSION; FOOD CHAIN; KINETICS; METABOLISM; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRESSURE; SEASON; TEMPERATURE; TIME; TROPIC CLIMATE; WATER FLOW;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); OCEANIC REGIONS; WORLD;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; CHLOROPHYLL; DIFFUSION; FOOD CHAIN; KINETICS; NITRATES; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRESSURE; SEASONS; SEAWATER; TEMPERATURE; TIME FACTORS; TROPICAL CLIMATE; WATER MOVEMENTS;

EID: 26944465424     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature03969     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Mann, K. H. & Lazier, J. R. N. Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems (Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1996).
2. Lewis, M. R., Harrison, W. G., Oakey, N. S., Hebert, D. & Platt, T. Vertical nitrate fluxes in the oligotrophic ocean. Science 234, 870-873 (1986).
3. Menzel, D. W. & Ryther, J. H. Annual variations in primary productivity of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Deep-Sea Res. I 7, 282-288 (1961).
4. Gruber, N., Keeling, C. D. & Bates, N. R. Interannual variability in the North Atlantic Ocean carbon sink. Science 298, 2374-2378 (2002).
5. Lewis, M. R., Kuring, N. & Yentsch, C. Global patterns of ocean transparency: Implications for the new production of the open ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 93, 6847-6856 (1988).
6. McGillicuddy, D. J. & Robinson, A. R. Eddy-induced nutrient supply and new production in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. I 44, 1427-1450 (1997).
7. Oschlies, A. & Garcon, V. Eddy-induced enhancement of primary production in a model of the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 394, 266-269 (1998).
8. Sarmiento, J. L., Gruber, N., Brzezinski, M. A. & Dunne, J. P. High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity. Nature 427, 56-60 (2004).
9. Talley, L. D. & Raymer, M. E. Eighteen Degree Water variability. J. Mar. Res. 40 (suppl.), 757-775 (1982).
10. McCartney, M. S. The subtropical recirculation of Mode Waters. J. Mar. Res. 40, 427-464 (1982).
11. Worthington, L. V. On the North Atlantic Circulation (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1976).
12. Siegel, D. A., Doney, S. C. & Yoder, J. A. The North Atlantic spring phytoplankton bloom and Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis. Science 296, 730-733 (2002).
13. Pelegrí, J. L. & Csanady, G. T. Nutrient transport and mixing in the Gulf Stream. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 2577-2583 (1991).
14. Joyce, T., Deser, C. & Spall, M. A. The relation between decadal variability of subtropical mode water and the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Clim. 13, 2550-2569 (2000).
15. Talley, L. D. North Atlantic circulation and variability, reviewed for the CNLS conference. Physica D 98, 625-646 (1996).
16. Dickson, R., Lazier, J., Meincke, J., Rhines, P. & Swift, J. Long-term coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr. 38, 241-295 (1996).
17. McClain, C. R., Signorini, S. R. & Christian, J. R. Subtropical gyre variability observed by ocean-colour satellites. Deep-sea Res. II 51, 281-301 (2004).
18. Williams, R. G. & Follows, M. J. The Ekman transfer of nutrients and maintenance of new production over the North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res. I 45, 461-489 (1998).
19. McGillicuddy, D. J. et al. Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea. Nature 419, 263-266 (1998).
20. Fratantoni, D. M. North Atlantic surface circulation during the 1990's observed with satellite-tracked drifters. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 22067-22093 (2001).
21. Wilson, C. & Adamec, D. A global view of bio-physical coupling from SeaWIFS and TOPEX satellite data, 1997-2001. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, doi:10.1029/2001GL014063 (2002).
22. Bahamón, N., Velasquez, Z. & Cruzado, A. Chlorophyll a and nitrogen flux in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. I 50, 1189-1203 (2003).
23. Fitzwater, S., Knauer, G. A. & Martin, J. H. Metal contamination and its effect on primary production measurements. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27, 544-551 (1982).
24. Barber, R. T. et al. Primary productivity and its regulation in the Arabian Sea during 1995. Deep-Sea Res. II 48, 1127-1172 (2001).
25. Trenberth, K. E., Olsen, J. G. & Large, W. G. A Global Ocean Wind Stress Climatology Based on ECMWF Analyses (Tech. Note NCAR/TN-338 + STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, 1989).
26. Kara, A. B., Rochford, P. A. & Hurlburt, H. E. Mixed layer depth variability over the global ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/ 2000JC000736 (2003).
27. Lozier, M. S., Owens, W. B. & Curry, R. G. The climatology of the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr. 36, 1-44 (1995).
28. Takahashi, T., Broecker, W. S. & Langer, S. Redfield ratio based on chemical data from isopycnal surfaces. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 6907-6924 (1985).
29. Walker, S. J., Weiss, R. F. & Salameh, P. K. Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and carbon tetrachloride. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 14285-14296 (2000).
30. Warner, M. J. & Weiss, R. F. Solubilities of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Res. I 32, 1485-1497 (1985).
31. Ledwell, J. R., Watson, A. J. & Law, C. S. Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from an open-ocean tracer-release experiment. Nature 364, 701-703 (1993).
32. Jenkins, W. J. Oxygen utilization rates in North Atlantic subtropical gyre and primary production in oligotrophic systems. Nature 300, 246-248 (1982).