Modeling the effect of nitrogen fixation on carbon and nitrogen fluxes at BATS

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 48, Issue 8-9, 2001, Pages 1609-1648

  Hood, Raleigh R ^a   Bates, Nicholas R ^b   Capone, Douglas G ^c   Olson, Donald B ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE   (United States)

^b BERMUDA INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES   (Bermuda)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; CARBON; CLIMATE CHANGE;

GEOCHEMICAL ESTIMATES;

NITROGEN FIXATION;

ANNUAL VARIATION; CARBON FLUX; MODELING; NITROGEN FIXATION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS;

ATLANTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0035041549     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00160-0     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Altabet, M.A., 1988. Variations in nitrogen and isotopic composition between sinking and suspended particles: implications for nitrogen cycling and particle transformation in the open ocean. Deep-Sea Research 35, 535-554.
2. Antia, N.J., Harrison, P.J., Oliveira, L., 1991. The role of dissolved organic nitrogen in phytoplankton nutrition, cell biology and ecology. Phycologia 30, 1-89.
3. 2 and biogeochemical properties in the Western North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Deep-Sea Research II 48, 1507-1528.
4. Bates, N.R., Michaels, A.F., Knap, A.H., 1996. Seasonal and interannual variability of oceanic carbon dioxide species at the US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Deep-Sea Research 43, 347-383.
5. 2 on diel to seasonal timescales in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 15567-15585.
6. Bishop, J.K., Rossow, W.B., 1991. Spatial and temporal variability of global surface solar irradiance. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 16398-16858.
7. Brewer, P.G., Goldman, J.C., 1976. Alkalinity changes generated by phytoplankton growth. Limnology and Oceanography 21, 108-117.
8. Bronk, D.A., Gilbert, P.M., Ward, B.B., 1994. Nitrogen uptake, dissolved organic nitrogen release, and new production. Science 265, 1843-1846.
9. Buesseler, K.O., 1992. Do upper-ocean sediment traps provide an accurate record of particle flux? Nature 353, 420-423.
10. Cambella, A.D., Antia, N.J., Harrison, P.J., 1984. The utilization of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds as nutrients by eukaryotic microalgae: a multidisciplinary perspective. Part 1. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology 10, 317-391.
11. Capone, D.G., Carpenter, 1982. Nitrogen fixation in the marine environment. Science, 217, 1140-1142.
12. Capone, D.G., Ferrier, M.D., Carpenter, E.J., 1994. Amino acid cycling in colonies of the planktonic marine cyanobacterium. Trichodesmium thiebautii. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 3989-3995.
13. Capone, D.G., Zehr, J.P., Pearl, H.W., Bergman, B., Carpenter, E.J., 1997. Trichodesmium, a globally significant marine cyanobacterium. Science 276, 1221-1229.
14. Carlson, C.A., Ducklow, H.W., 1996. Growth of bacterioplankton and consumption of dissolved organic carbon in the Sargasso Sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 10, 69-85.
15. Carlson, C.A., Ducklow, H.W., Michaels, A.F., 1994. Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Nature 371, 405-408.
16. Carpenter, E.J., 1983. Physiology and ecology of marine planktonic Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium). Marine Biology Letters 4, 69-85.
17. Carpenter, E.J., Capone, D.G., 1992. Nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium blooms. In: Carpenter, E.J., Capone, D.G., Reuter, J.G. (Eds.), Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and other Diazotrophs. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 211-217.
18. Carpenter, E.J., Capone, D.G., 1997. Biogeochemical tracers of the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Deep-Sea Research 44, 27-38.
19. Carpenter, E.J., McCarthy, J.J., 1975. Nitrogen fixation and uptake of combined nitrogenous nutrients by Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) thiebautii in the western Sargasso Sea. Limnology and Oceanography 20, 389-401.
20. Carpenter, E.J., O'Neil, J.M., Dawson, R., Capone, D.G., Siddiqui, P.J.A., Roenneberg, T., Bergman, B., 1993. The tropical diazotrophic phytoplankter Trichodesmium: biological characteristics of two common species. Marine Ecology Progress Series 95, 295-304.
21. Carpenter, E.J., Price, C., 1977. Nitrogen fixation, distribution, and production of Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) spp. in the western Sargasso and Caribbean Seas. Limnology and Oceanography 22, 60-72.
22. Carpenter, E.J., Romans, K., 1991. Major role of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium in nutrient cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean. Science 254, 1356-1358.
23. Codispoti, L.A., 1989. Phosphorous vs. nitrogen limitation of new and export production. In: Berger, W.H., Smetacek, V.S., Wefer, G. (Eds.), Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past. Wiley, New York, pp. 377-394.
24. del Giorgio, P.A., Cole, J.J., 1998. Bacterial growth efficiency in natural aquatic systems. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 29, 503-541.
25. Devassy, V.P., Bhattathiri, P.M.A., Quasim, S.Z., 1978. Trichodesmium phenomenon. Indian Journal of Marine Science 7, 168-186.
26. Dickson, A.G., Millero, F.J., 1987. A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in sea water. Deep-Sea Research 34, 1733-1743.
27. Dobson, F.W., Smith, S.D., 1988. Bulk models of solar radiation at sea. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 144, 165-182.
28. Doney, S.C., 1996. A synoptic atmospheric surface forcing data set and physical upper ocean model for the US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study site. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 25615-25634.
29. Eppley, R.W., 1972. Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea. Fisheries Bulletin 70, 1063-1085.
30. Falkowski, P.G., 1997. Evolution of the nitrogen cycle and its influence on the biological sequestration of CO2 in the ocean. Nature 387, 272-275.
31. Fasham, J.J.R., Ducklow, H.W., McKelvie, S.M., 1990. A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer. Journal of Marine Research 48, 591-639.
32. Fung, I.Y., Harrison, D.E., Lacis, A.A., 1984. On the variability of the net longwave radiation at the ocean surface. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 22, 177-193.
33. Gruber, N., Keeling, C.D., Stocker, T.F., 1998. Carbon-13 constraints on the seasonal inorganic carbon budget at the BATS site in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research 45, 673-717.
34. Gruber, N., Sarmiento, J.L., 1997. Global patterns in marine nitrogen fixation and denitrification. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 11, 235-266.
35. Gilbert, P.M., Bronk, D.A., 1994. Release of dissolved organic nitrogen by marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria. Trichodesmium spp. Applied and Environmental microbiology 60, 3996-4000.
36. Halpert, M.S., Bell, G.D., 1997. Climate assessment for 1996. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 78, S1-S49.
37. Hansell, D.A., Carlson, C.A., 2001. Biogeochemistry of total organic carbon and nitrogen in the Sargasso Sea: control by convective overturn. Deep-Sea Research II 48, 1649-1667.
38. Hansell, D.A., Feely, R.A. Atmospheric intertropical convergences impact surface ocean carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, submitted for publication.
39. Hansson, I., 1973. A new set of acidity constants for carbonic acid and boric acid in sea water. Deep-Sea Research 36, 1635-1654.
40. Heinbokel, J.F., 1978. Studies on the functional role of tintinnids in the Southern California Bight. I. Grazing and growth rates in laboratory cultures. Marine Biology 47, 177-189.
41. Hood, R.R., Michaels, A.F., Capone, D.G., 2000. Answers sought to the enigma of marine nitrogen fixation. EOS 81, 138-139.
42. Hurrel, J.W., 1995. Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: regional temperatures and precipitation. Science 269, 676-679.
43. Jenkins, W.J., 1988. Nitrate flux into the euphotic zone near Bermuda. Nature 331, 521-523.
44. Karl, D.M., Letelier, R., Hebel, D.V., Bird, D.F., Winn, C.D., 1992. Trichodesmium blooms and new nitrogen in the North Pacific gyre. In: Carpenter, E.J., Capone, D.G., Reuter, J.G. (Eds.), Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and other Diazotrophs. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 219-237.
45. Karl, D.M., Letelier, R., Hebel, D., Tupas, L., Dore, J., Christian, J., Winn, C., 1995. Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991-92 El Nino. Nature 373, 230-234.
46. Karl, D., Letelier, R., Tupas, L., Dore, J., Christian, J., Hebel, D., 1997. The role of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature 388, 533-538.
47. Kirk, J.T.O., 1994. Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems, 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 509pp.
48. Knap, A.H., Michaels, A.F., Dow, R.L., Johnson, R.J., Gundersen, K., Sorensen, J.C., Close, A.R., Howse, F.A., Hammer, M., Bates, N., Doyle, A., Waterhouse, T., 1993. BATS Methods Manual, Version 3. US JGOFS Planning Office, Woods Hole, MA.
49. Large, W.G., Pond, S., 1982. Sensible and latent heat flux measurements over the ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography 12, 464-482.
50. Ledwell, J.R., Watson, A.J., Law, C.S., 1998. Mixing of a tracer in the pycnocline. Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 21,499-21,529.
51. Letelier, R., 1994. Studies on the ecology of Trichodesmium spp. (Cyanophyceae) in the Central North Pacific Gyre. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Hawaii.
52. Letelier, R.M., Karl, D.M., 1996. Role of Trichodesmium spp. in the productivity of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 133, 263-273.
53. Letelier, R.M., Karl, D.M., 1998. Trichodesmium spp. physiology and nutrient fluxes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 15, 265-276.
54. Lipschultz, F., Owens, N.J.P., 1996. An assessment of nitrogen fixation as a source of nitrogen to the North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeochemistry 35, 261-274.
55. Mague, T.H., Mague, F.C., Holm-Hansen, O., 1977. Physiology and chemical composition of nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton in the central North Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology 41, 213-227.
56. Maloney, C.L., Field, J.G., 1991. The size-based dynamics of plankton food webs. I. A simulation model of carbon and nitrogen flows. Journal of Plankton Research 13, 1003-1038.
57. Marchai, O., Monfray, P., Bates, N.R., 1996. Spring-summer imbalance in dissolved inorganic carbon in the mixed layer of the Northwestern Sargasso Sea. Tellus 48, 115-134.
58. McCreary J.P., Jr., Kohler, K.E., Hood, R.R., Olson, D.B., 1996. A four-component ecosystem model of biological activity in the Arabian Sea. Progress in Oceanography 37, 193-240.
59. McGillicuddy, D.J., Robinson, A.R., 1997. Eddy induced nutrient supply and new production in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research 44, 1427-1499.
60. McGillicuddy, D.J., Robinson, A.R., Siegel, D.A., Jannasch, H.W., Johnson, R.J., Dickey, T.D., McNeil, J., Michaels, A.F., Knap, A.H., 1998. Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea. Nature 394, 263-266.
61. Mehrbach, C., Culberson, C.H., Hawley, J.E., Pytkowicz, R.M., 1973. Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in sea water at atmospheric pressure. Limnology and Oceanography 18, 897-907.
62. Michaels, A.F., Bates, N.R., Buesseler, K.O., Carlson, C.A., Knap, A.H., 1994. Carbon-cycle imbalances in the Sargasso Sea. Nature 372, 537-540.
63. Michaels, A.F., Knap, A.H., 1996. Overview of the US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study and the Hydrostation S program. Deep-Sea Research 43, 157-198.
64. Michaels, A.F., Oison, D., Sarmiento, J.L., Ammerman, J.W., Fanning, K., Jahnke, R., Knap, A.H., Lipschultz, F., Prospere, J.M., 1996. Inputs, losses and transformations of nitrogen and phosphorous in the pelagic North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeochemistry 35, 181-226.
65. Millero, F.J., 1979. The thermodynamics of the carbonate system in sea water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 43, 1651-1661.
66. Montoya, J.P., Carpenter, E.J., Capone, D.G., Diazotroph control of nitrogen isotope abundances in the oligotrophic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, submitted for publication.
67. Mulholland, M.R., Capone, D.G., 1999. Nitrogen fixation, uptake and metabolism in natural and cultured populations of Trichodesmium spp. Marine Ecology Progress Series 188, 33-49.
68. O'Neil, J.M., Roman, M.R., 1994. Ingestion of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. by pelagic harpacticoid copepods Macrosetella, Miracia, and Oculosetella. Hydrobiologia 292/293, 235-240.
69. 2 fixation by Trichodesmium at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series (BATS) site. Deep-Sea Research II 48, 1583-1608.
70. Parsons, T.R., Takahashi, M., Hargrave, B., 1984. Biological Oceanographic Processes. Pergamon Press, Ontario, Canada, 330pp.
71. Platt, T., Gallegos, C.L., Harrison, W.G., 1980. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in natural assemblages of marine phytoplankton. Journal of Marine Research 38, 687-701.
72. Press, W.H., Teukolsky, S.A., Vetterling, W.T., Flannery, B.P., 1992. Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN: the Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
73. Price, J.F., Weller, R.A., Pinkel, R., 1986. Diurnal cycling: observations and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling, and wind mixing. Journal of Geophysical Research 91, 8411-8427.
74. Redfield, A.C., Ketchum, B.H., Richards, F.A., 1963. The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water. In: Hill, M.N. (Ed.), The Sea, Vol. 2. Interscience Publications, New York, pp. 26-77.
75. Romans, K.M., Carpenter, E.J., 1994. Buoyancy regulation in the colonial diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium tenue: ultrastructure and storage of carbohydrate, polyphosphate and nitrogen. Journal of Phycology 30, 935-942.
76. Sambrotto, R.N., Savidge, G., Robinson, C., Boyd, P., Takahashi, T., Karl, D.M., Langdon, C., Chipman, D., Marra, J., Codispoti, L., 1993. Elevated consumption of carbon relative to nitrogen in the surface ocean. Nature 363, 248-250.
77. Sarmiento, J.L., Armstrong, R.A., 1997. US JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project Implementation Plan. The Role of Oceanic Processes in the Global Carbon Cycle. AOS Program, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, P.O. Box CN710.
78. Sharp, J.H., 1983. The distributions of inorganic nitrogen and dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen in the sea. In: Carpenter, E.J., Capone, D.G. (Eds.), Nitrogen in the Marine Environment. Academic Press Inc, New York, pp. 1-35.
79. Siegel, D.A., McGillicuddy, D.J., Fields, E.A., 1999. Mesoscale eddies, satellite altimetry and new production in the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 104, 13359-13379.
80. Smolarkiewicz, P.K., 1983. A simple positive definite advection scheme with small implicit diffusion. Monthly Weather Review 111, 479-486.
81. Tans, P.P., Fung, I.Y., Takahashi, T., 1990. Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget. Science 247, 1431-1438.
82. Tyrrell, T., 1999. The relative influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on oceanic primary production. Nature 400, 525-531.
83. UNESCO, 1987. Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide system in sea water. Technical Papers in Marine Science, 51, UNESCO, Paris, France.
84. Verity, P.G., 1985. Grazing, respiration, excretion and growth rates of tintinnids. Limnology and Oceanography 30, 1268-1282.
85. Vidal, M., Duarte, C.M., Agusti, S., 1999. Dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorous pools and fluxes in the central Atlantic Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 44, 106-115.
86. Villareal, T.A., Carpenter, E.J., 1990. Diel buoyancy regulation in the marine diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium thiebautii. Limnology and Oceanography 35, 1832-1837.
87. Walsby, A.E., 1992. The gas vesicles and buoyancy of Trichodesmium. In: Carpenter, E.J., Rueter, D.G. (Eds.), Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and other Diazotrophs. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 141-161.
88. Wanninkhof, R., 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 7373-7382.
89. Weiss, R., 1974. Carbon dioxide in water and sea water -the solubility of a non-ideal gas. Marine Chemistry 2, 203-215.
90. Wheeler, P.A., Kirchman, D.L., 1986. Utilization of inorganic and organic nitrogen by bacteria in marine systems. Limnology and Oceanography 31, 998-1009.