Report of the JDS/JCA joint committee on diabetes and cancer

Journal of the Japan Diabetes Society

Volumn 56, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 374-390

  Kasuga, M ^a   Ueki, K ^a   Tajima, N ^a   Noda, M ^a   Ohashi, K ^a   Noto, H ^a   Goto, A ^a   Ogawa, W ^a   Sakai, R ^a   Tsugane, S ^a   Hamajima, N ^a   Nakagama, H ^a   Tajima, K ^a   Miyazono, K ^a   Imai, K ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880566141     PISSN: 0021437X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13340-013-0121-3     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Vigneri P, Frasca F, Sciacca L, Pandini G, Vigneri R (2009) Diabetes and cancer. Endocrine-Related Cancer 16:1103-1123
2. Kasper JS, Giovannucci E (2006) A meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus and the risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:2056-2062
3. Stevens RJ, Roddam AW, Beral V (2007) Pancreatic cancer in type 1 and young-onset diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 96: 507-509
4. Bonovas S. Filioussi K, Tsantes A (2004) Diabetes mellitus and risk of prostate cancer a meta-analysis. Diabetologia 47:1071-1078
5. Everhart J, Wright D (1995) Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. A meta-analysis. JAMA 273:1605-1609
6. Friberg E, Orsini N, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A (2007) Diabetes mellitus and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia 50:1365-1374
7. Huxley R, Ansary-Moghaddam A, de Gonzalez AB, Barzi F, Woodward M (2005) Type-II diabetes and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Br J Cancer 92:2076-2083
8. Larsson SC, Orsini N. Wolk A (2005) Diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:1679-1687
9. Larsson SC, Orsini N, Brismar K, Wolk A (2006) Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a metaanalysis. Diabetologia 49:2819-2823
10. Larsson SC, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A (2007) Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 121:856-862
11. Mitri J, Castillo J, Pittas AG (2008) Diabetes and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Diabetes Care 31:2391-2397
12. Noto H. Osame K, Sasazuki T, Noda M (2010) Substantially increased risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus A systematic review and metaanalysis of epidemiologic evidence in Japan. J Diabetes Complications 24:345-353
13. Noto H, Tsujimoto T, Sasazuki T, Noda M (2011) Significantly increased risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Pract 17:616-628
14. Giovannucci E, Harlan DM, Archer MC, Bergenstal RM, Gapstur SM, Habel LA, Pollak M, Regensteiner JG, Yee D (2010) Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report CA Cancer J Cli 60: 207-221
15. Giovannucci E, Harlan DM, Archer MC, Bergenstal RM, Gapstur SM, Habel LA, Pollak M, Regensteiner JG, Yee D (2010) Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report. Diabetes Care 33:1674-1685
16. Inoue M, Iwasaki M, Otani T, Sasazuki S, Noda M, Tsugane S (2006) Diabetes mellitus and the risk of cancer: results from a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan. Arch Intern Med 166: 1871-1877
17. Inoue M, Noda M, Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Iso H, Tsugane S, Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study G (2009) Impact of metabolic factors on subsequent cancer risk: results from a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan. Eur J Cancer Prev 18:240-247
18. Inoue M, Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, Tanaka Y, Mi- zokami M, Noda M, Tsugane S, Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study G (2009) Metabolic factors and subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatitis virus infection status: a large-scale population-based cohort study of Japanese men and women (JPHC Study Cohort II). Cancer Causes Control 20:741-750
19. Noto H, Tsujimoto T, Noda M (2012) Significantly increased risk of cancer in diabetes mellitus patients: A meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence in Asians and non-Asians. J Diabetes Invest 3:24-33
20. El-Serag HB, Hampel H, Javadi F (2006) The association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:369-380
21. Barone BB, Yeh HC, Snyder CF, Peairs KS, Stein KB, Derr RL, Wolff AC, Brancati FL (2008) Long- term all-cause mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 300:2754-2764
22. Barone BB, Yeh HC, Snyder CF, Peairs KS, Stein KB. Derr RL, Wolff AC, Brancati FL (2010) Postoperative mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 33:931-939
23. Yoon JM, Son KY, Eom CS, Durrance D, Park SM (2013) Pre-existing diabetes mellitus increases the risk of gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 19:936-945
24. Vivanco I, Sawyers CL (2002) The phosphatidyli- nositol 3-Kinase AKT pathway in human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2:489-501
25. Novosyadlyy R, Lann DE, Vijayakumar A, Rowzee A, Lazzarino DA, Fierz Y, Carboni JM, Gottardis MM, Pennisi PA, Molinolo AA, Kurshan N, Mejia W, Santopietro S, Yakar S, Wood TL, LeRoith D (2010) Insulin-mediated acceleration of breast cancer development and progression in a nonobese model of type 2 diabetes. Cancer Res 70:741-751
26. Gogg S, Smith U, Jansson PA (2009) Increased MAPK activation and impaired insulin signaling in subcutaneous microvascular endothelial cells in type 2 diabetes: the role of endothelin-1. Diabetes 58: 2238-2245
27. Renehan AG, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A (2006) Obesity and cancer risk: the role of the insulin-IGF axis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 17:328-336
28. Nakae J, Kido Y, Accili D (2001) Distinct and overlapping functions of insulin and IGF-I receptors. Endocrine reviews 22:818-835
29. Sung MK, Yeon JY, Park SY, Park JH, Choi MS (2011) Obesity-induced metabolic stresses in breast and colon cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1229:61-68.
30. Yager JD, Davidson NE (2006) Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 354:270-282
31. Calle EE, Kaaks R (2004) Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 4:579-591
32. Dandona P, Dhindsa S (2011) Update: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:2643-2651
33. Bruning JC, Gautam D, Burks DJ, Gillette J, Schubert M, Orban PC, Klein R, Krone W, Muller- Wieland D, Kahn CR (2000) Role of brain insulin receptor in control of body weight and reproduction. Science 289:2122-2125
34. Chang YC, Chuang LM (2010) The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: from molecular mechanism to clinical implication. Am J Transl Res 2:316-331
35. Giacco F, Brownlee M (2010) Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ Res 107:1058-1070
36. Akatsuka S, Toyokuni S (2012) Genome-wide assessment of oxidatively generated DNA damage. Free radical research 46:523-530
37. Ohsawa S, Sato Y, Enomoto M, Nakamura M, Betsumiya A, Igaki T (2012) Mitochondrial defect drives non-autonomous tumour progression through Hippo signalling in Drosophila. Nature 490:547-551
38. Cairns RA. Harris IS, Mak TW (2011) Regulation of cancer cell metabolism. Nat Rev Cancer 11:85-95
39. Villeneuve LM, Natarajan R (2010) The role of epi- genetics in the pathology of diabetic complications. American journal of physiology Renal physiology 299: F14-F25
40. Pirola L. Balcerczyk A. Okabe J, El-Osta A (2010) Epigenetic phenomena linked to diabetic complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 6:665-675
41. Dawson MA, Kouzarides T (2012) Cancer epigene- tics: from mechanism to therapy. Cell 150:12-27
42. Meng D, Mei A, Liu J, Kang X, Shi X, Qian R, Chen S (2012 NADPH oxidase 4 mediates insulin-stimulated HIF-1 alpha and VEGF expression, and angiogenesis in vitro. PLoS One 7: e48393
43. de Heredia FP. Gomez-Martinez S, Marcos A (2012) Obesity, inflammation and the immune system. Proc Nutr Soc 71:332-338
44. Bondia-Pons I, Ryan L, Martinez JA (2012) Oxidative stress and inflammation interactions in human obesity. J Physiol Biochem 68:701-711
45. Back SH. Kaufman RJ (2012) Endoplasmic reticulum stress and type 2 diabetes. Annu Rev Biochem 81: 767-793
46. Flamment M, Hajduch E, Ferre P, Foufelle F (2012) New insights into ER stress-induced insulin resistance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 23:381-390
47. Garg AD, Kaczmarek A, Krysko O, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV, Agostinis P (2012) ER stress-induced inflammation: does it aid or impede disease progression? Trends Mol Med 18:589-598
48. Grivennikov SI. Greten FR, Karin M (2010) Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 140:883-899
49. Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA. Grodsky GM (2002) Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev 23:599-622
50. Ben-Neriah Y, Karin M (2011) Inflammation meets cancer, with NF-kappaB as the matchmaker. Nat Immunol 12:715-723
51. Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T (2013) Adiponectin receptor as a key player in healthy longevity and obesity- related diseases. Cell Metab 17:185-196
52. Dalamaga M, Diakopoulos KN, Mantzoros CS (2012) The role of adiponectin in cancer: a review of current evidence. Endocrine reviews 33:547-594
53. Villarreal-Molina MT, Antuna-Puente B (2012) Adiponectin: anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. Biochimie 94:2143-2149
54. Park J, Scherer PE (2011) Leptin and cancer: from cancer stem cells to metastasis. Endocr Relat Cancer 18: C25-C29
55. Onitilo AA, Engel JM, Glurich I, Stankowski RV, Williams GM, Doi SA (2012) Diabetes and cancer II: role of diabetes medications and influence of shared risk factors. Cancer Causes Control 23:991-1008
56. van Dam RM, Hu FB (2005) Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. JAMA 294:97-104
57. Yu X, Bao Z, Zou J, Dong J (2011) Coffee consumption and risk of cancers: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Cancer 11:96
58. American Diabetes Association (2012) Standards of medical care in diabetes-2012. Diabetes Care 35 (Suppl 1): S11-S63
59. World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (2002) Weight control and physical activity. IARC Press, Lyon
60. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ (2003) Overweight obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 348:1625-1638
61. Adams TD, Gress RE, Smith SC, Halverson RC, Simper SC, Rosamond WD, Lamonte MJ, Stroup AM, Hunt SC (2007) Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 357:753-761
62. Inoue M, Sobue T. Tsugane S (2004) Impact of body mass index on the risk of total cancer incidence and mortality among middle-aged Japanese: data from a large-scale population-based cohort study - the JPHC study. Cancer Causes Control 15:671-680
63. Barclay AW. Petocz P, McMillan-Price J, Flood VM, Prvan T, Mitchell P. Brand-Miller JC (2008) Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk- a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr 87:627-637
64. Kushi LH, Byers T, Doyle C, Bandera EV, McCullough M, McTiernan A, Gansler T, Andrews KS, Thun MJ, American Cancer Society N, Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory C (2006) American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Cli 56:254-281
65. Kastorini CM, Panagiotakos DB (2009) Dietary patterns and prevention of type 2 diabetes: from research to clinical practice; a systematic review. Curr Diabetes Rev 5:221-227
66. Friedenreich CM, Orenstein MR (2002) Physical activity and cancer prevention: etiologic evidence and biological mechanisms. J Nutr 132:3456S-3464S
67. Lee IM (2003) Physical activity and cancer prevention- data from epidemiologic studies. Med Sei Sports Exerc 35:1823-1827
68. Inoue M, Yamamoto S, Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Tsugane S, Japan Public Health Center- based Prospective Study G (2008) Daily total physical activity level and total cancer risk in men and women: results from a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan. Am J Epidemiol 168:391-403
69. Jeon CY, Lokken RP. Hu FB, van Dam RM (2007) Physical activity of moderate intensity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 30:744-752
70. Pan XR, Li GW. Hu YH, Wang JX. Yang WY. An ZX. Hu ZX, Lin J. Xiao JZ. Cao HB. Liu PA, Jiang XG, Jiang YY, Wang JP, Zheng H, Zhang H, Bennett PH. Howard BV (1997) Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes care 20: 537-544
71. World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (2004) Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Press, Lyon
72. World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (2007) Smokeless tobacco and some tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. IARC Press, Lyon
73. Foy CG. Bell RA, Farmer DF. Goff DC Jr. Wagenknecht LE (2005) Smoking and incidence of diabetes among U.S. adults: findings from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes Care 28:2501-2507
74. Willi C, Bodenmann P. Ghali WA, Faris PD. Cornuz J (2007) Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 298:2654-2664
75. Oba S, Noda M, Waki K, Nanri A. Kato M. Taka- hashi Y, Poudel-Tandukar K, Matsushita Y, Inoue M, Mizoue T, Tsugane S, Fadini GP (2012) Smoking Cessation Increases Short-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Irrespective of Weight Gain: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study. PLoS One 7: el7061
76. Secretan B, Straif K, Baan R, Grosse Y, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Guha N, Freeman C, Galichet L, Cogliano V, Group WHOIA- fRoCMW (2009) A review of human carcinogens- Part E: tobacco, areca nut alcohol, coal smoke, and salted fish. Lancet Oncol 10:1033-1034
77. Inoue M, Wakai K, Nagata C, Mizoue T, Tanaka K, Tsuji I, Tsugane S (2007) Alcohol drinking and total cancer risk: an evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence among the Japanese population. Jpn J Clin Oncol 37:692-700
78. World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (2010) Alcohol consumption and ethyl carbamate. IARC Press, Lyon
79. Howard AA, Arnsten JH, Gourevitch MN (2004) Effect of alcohol consumption on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Annals of internal medicine 140: 211-219
80. Baliunas DO. Taylor BJ, Irving H, Roerecke M, Patra J, Mohapatra S, Rehm J (2009) Alcohol as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 32:2123-2132
81. Seike N, Noda M. Kadowaki T (2008) Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese: a systematic review. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 17:545-551
82. Park EJ. Lee JH. Yu GY, He G. Ali SR. Holzer RG, Osterreicher CH, Takahashi H, Karin M (2010) Dietary and genetic obesity promote liver inflammation and tumorigenesis by enhancing IL-6 and TNF expression. Cell 140:197-208
83. Braun S. Bitton-Worms K. LeRoith D (2011) The link between the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Int J Biol Sei 7:1003-1015
84. Itoh M, Suganami T. Nakagawa N. Tanaka M, Yamamoto Y, Kamei Y, Terai S, Sakaida I, Ogawa Y (2011) Melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice as a novel mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Pathol 179:2454-2463
85. Minamino T, Orimo M, Shimizu I, Kunieda T, Yokoyama M, Ito T, Nojima A, Nabetani A, Oike Y, Matsubara H, Ishikawa F, Komuro I (2009) A crucial role for adipose tissue p53 in the regulation of insulin resistance. Nat Med 15:1082-1087
86. Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Mas-Gutierrez JA, Mirasierra M, Fernandez-Perez A, Lee YJ, Ko HJ. Kim JK, Romanos E, Carrascosa JM, Ros M, Vallejo M, Rondinone CM, Valverde AM (2012) Essential role of protein tyrosine phosphatase IB in obesity-induced inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance during aging. Aging Cell 11:284-296
87. Hemkens LG, Grouven U, Bender R, Gunster C, Gutschmidt S, Selke GW, Sawicki PT (2009) Risk of malignancies in patients with diabetes treated with human insulin or insulin analogues: a cohort study. Diabetologia 52:1732-1744
88. Jonasson JM, Ljung R, Talback M, Haglund B, Gudbjornsdottir S. Steineck G (2009) Insulin glargine use and short-term incidence of malignancies-a population-based follow-up study in Sweden. Diabetologia 52:1745-1754
89. Colhoun HM (2009) Use of insulin glargine and cancer incidence in Scotland: a study from the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group. Diabetologia 52:1755-1765
90. Currie CJ, Poole CD. Gale EA (2009) The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 52:1766-1777
91. Ruiter R. Visser LE, van Herk-Sukel MP, Coebergh JW, Haak HR, Geelhoed-Duijvestijn PH. Straus SM, Herings RM, Strieker BH (2012) Risk of cancer in patients on insulin glargine and other insulin analogues in comparison with those on human insulin: results from a large population-based follow-up study. Diabetologia 55:51-62
92. The Origin Trial Investigators (2012) Basal Insulin and Cardiovascular and Other Outcomes in Dysglycemia N Engl J Med
93. Blin P, Lassalle R, Dureau-Pournin C, Ambrosino B, Bernard MA, Abouelfath A, Gin H, Le Jeunne C, Pariente A, Droz C, Moore N (2012) Insulin glargine and risk of cancer: a cohort study in the French National Healthcare Insurance Database. Diabetologia 55:644-653
94. Fagot JP, Biotiere PO, Ricordeau P, Weill A, Alia F, Allemand H (2013) Does insulin glargine increase the risk of cancer compared with other basal insulins?: A French nationwide cohort study based on national administrative databases. Diabetes Care 36: 294-301
95. Yang X, Ko GT, So WY, Ma RC, Yu LW. Kong AP, Zhao H. Chow CC. Tong PC, Chan JC (2010) Associations of hyperglycemia and insulin usage with the risk of cancer in type 2 diabetes: the Hong Kong diabetes registry. Diabetes 59:1254-1260
96. Tseng CH (2011) Diabetes and risk of bladder cancer a study using the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan. Diabetologia 54:2009-2015
97. Yang X. So WY, Ma RC, Yu LW, Ko GT, Kong AP. Ng VW, Luk AO. Ozaki R. Tong PC, Chow CC, Chan JC (2010) Use of sulphonylurea and cancer in type 2 diabetes-The Hong Kong Diabetes Regis try. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 90:343-351
98. Hsieh MC. Lee TC. Cheng SM, Tu ST, Yen MH, Tseng CH (2012) The influence of type 2 diabetes and glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in the taiwanese. Exp Diabetes Res 2012:413782
99. Monami M, Lamanna C, Balzi D, Marchionni N, Mannucci E (2009) Sulphonylureas and cancer: a case-control study. Acta Diabetol 46:279-284
100. Elashoff M, Matveyenko AV. Gier B, Elashoff R, Butler PC (2011) Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-l-based therapies. Gastroenterology 141:150-156
101. Monami M, Dicembrini I, Martelli D, Mannucci E (2011) Safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Curr Med Res Opin 27 (Suppl 3): 57-64
102. Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, Erdmann E, Massi-Benedetti M, Moules IK. Skene AM, Tan MH, Lefebvre PJ, Murray GD. Standi E, Wilcox RG. Wilhelmsen L, Betteridge J. Birkeland K, Golay A, Heine RJ, Koranyi L, Laakso M, Mokan M, Norkus A, Pirags V, Podar T, Scheen A, Scherbaum W, Schernthaner G, Schmitz O, Skrha J, Smith U, Taton J (2005) Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PRO- active Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366:1279-1289
103. Piccinni C, Motola D, Marchesini G, Poluzzi E (2011) Assessing the association of pioglitazone use and bladder cancer through drug adverse event reporting. Diabetes Care 34:1369-1371
104. Lewis JD, Ferrara A, Peng T, Hedderson M, Bilker WB, Quesenberry CP Jr, Vaughn DJ, Nessel L, Selby J, Strom BL (2011) Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: interim report of a longitudinal cohort study. Diabetes Care 34:916-922
105. Azoulay L, Yin H, Filion KB, Assayag J, Majdan A, Pollak MN, Suissa S (2012) The use of pioglitazone and the risk of bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes: nested case-control study. BMJ 344: e3645
106. Neumann A, Weill A, Ricordeau P, Fagot JP, Alia F, Allemand H (2012) Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients in France: a population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 55: 1953-1962
107. Tseng CH (2012) Pioglitazone and bladder cancer: a population-based study of Taiwanese. Diabetes Care 35:278-280
108. Colmers IN, Bowker SL, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA (2012) Use of thiazolidinediones and the risk of bladder cancer among people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 184: E675-E683
109. Noto H. Goto A, Tsujimoto T, Noda M (2012) Cancer risk in diabetic patients treated with metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 7: e33411
110. Stevens RJ, Ali R, Bankhead CR, Bethel MA, Cairns BJ, Camisasca RP, Crowe FL, Farmer AJ, Harrison S, Hirst JA, Home P, Kahn SE, McLellan JH, Perera R, Pluddemann A, Ramachandran A, Roberts NW, Rose PW, Schweizer A, Viberti G, Holman RR (2012) Cancer outcomes and all-cause mortality in adults allocated to metformin: systematic review and collaborative meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Diabetologia 55:2593-2603
111. Suissa S, Azoulay L (2012) Metformin and the Risk of Cancer: Time-related biases in observational studies. Diabetes Care 35:2665-2673
112. Viollet B, Guigas B, Sanz Garcia N, Leclerc J, Foretz M, Andreelli F (2012) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: an overview. Clinical science 122:253-270
113. Dowling RJ, Zakikhani M. Fantus IG, Pollak M, Sonenberg N (2007) Metformin inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent translation initiation in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 67:10804-10812
114. Kourelis TV, Siegel RD (2012) Metformin and cancer new applications for an old drug. Med Oncol 29: 1314-1327
115. Bangalore S, Kumar S, Kjeldsen SE, Makani H, Grossman E, Wetterslev J, Gupta AK, Sever PS, Gluud C, Messerli FH (2011) Antihypertensive drugs and risk of cancer: network meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of 324,168 participants from randomised trials. Lancet Oncol 12:65-82
116. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J. Holland LE. Reith C, Bhala N, Peto R, Barnes EH. Keech A, Simes J, Collins R, Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration (2010) Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 376:1670-1681
117. Rothwell PM, Price JF, Fowkes FG. Zanchetti A, Roncaglioni MC, Tognoni G, Lee R, Belch JF, Wilson M, Mehta Z, Meade TW (2012) Short-term effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence, mortality, and non-vascular death: analysis of the time course of risks and benefits in 51 randomised controlled trials. Lancet 379:1602-1612
118. http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/dl/gan-kenshin01.pdf (2013/5/31)