메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1297-1371

Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections

(19)  Schuetz, Philipp a   Muller, Beat b   Christ Crain, Mirjam c   Stolz, Daiana c   Tamm, Michael c   Bouadma, Lila d   Luyt, Charles E e   Wolff, Michel d   Chastre, Jean e   Tubach, Florence f   Kristoffersen, Kristina B g   Burkhardt, Olaf h   Welte, Tobias h   Schroeder, Stefan i   Nobre, Vandack j   Wei, Long k   Bhatnagar, Neera l   Bucher, Heiner C m   Briel, Matthias m  


Author keywords

Acute Disease; Anti Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections blood; ; Biological Markers blood ; blood ; Calcitonin ; Cause of Death; drug therapy; mortality ; Humans; Infections blood; ; MeSH check words; Protein Precursors ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiratory Tract; therapeutic use ; Treatment Failure

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; PROCALCITONIN;

EID: 84880357102     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15576272     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ebch.1927     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (65)

References (149)
  • 1
    • 84880351918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • References to studies included in this review
    • References to studies included in this review
  • 2
    • 84880366468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bouadma {published data only}
    • Bouadma 2010 {published data only}
    • (2010)
  • 3
    • 75949113583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients' exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (PRORATA trial): a multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Tubach F, Cracco C, Alvarez A, Schwebel C, et al.Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients' exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (PRORATA trial): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;375(9713):463-74.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , Issue.9713 , pp. 463-474
    • Bouadma, L.1    Luyt, C.E.2    Tubach, F.3    Cracco, C.4    Alvarez, A.5    Schwebel, C.6
  • 4
    • 84880355352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Briel {published data only}
    • Briel 2008 {published data only}
    • (2008)
  • 5
    • 54049112259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic use vs a standard approach for acute respiratory tract infections in primary care
    • Briel M, Schuetz P, Mueller B, Young J, Schild U, Nusbaumer C, et al.Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic use vs a standard approach for acute respiratory tract infections in primary care. Archives of Internal Medicine 2008;168(18):2000-7.
    • (2008) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.168 , Issue.18 , pp. 2000-2007
    • Briel, M.1    Schuetz, P.2    Mueller, B.3    Young, J.4    Schild, U.5    Nusbaumer, C.6
  • 6
    • 84880344966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burkhardt {published data only}
    • Burkhardt 2010 {published data only}
    • (2010)
  • 8
    • 84880360994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Christ-Crain {published data only}
    • Christ-Crain 2004 {published data only}
    • (2004)
  • 9
    • 1342265610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment on antibiotic use and outcome in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster-randomised, single-blinded intervention trial
    • Christ-Crain M, Jaccard-Stolz D, Bingisser R, Gencay M, Huber P, Tamm M, et al.Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment on antibiotic use and outcome in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster-randomised, single-blinded intervention trial. Lancet 2004;1363(9409):600-7.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.1363 , Issue.9409 , pp. 600-607
    • Christ-Crain, M.1    Jaccard-Stolz, D.2    Bingisser, R.3    Gencay, M.4    Huber, P.5    Tamm, M.6
  • 10
    • 84880378107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Christ-Crain {published data only}
    • Christ-Crain 2006 {published data only}
    • (2006)
  • 12
    • 84880338531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hochreiter {published data only}
    • Hochreiter 2009 {published data only}
    • (2009)
  • 13
    • 67650917117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin to guide duration of antibiotic therapy in intensive care patients: a randomized prospective controlled trial
    • Hochreiter M, Kohler T, Schweiger AM, Keck FS, Bein B, von Spiegel T, et al.Procalcitonin to guide duration of antibiotic therapy in intensive care patients: a randomized prospective controlled trial. Critical Care 2009;13(3):R83.
    • (2009) Critical Care , vol.13 , Issue.3
    • Hochreiter, M.1    Kohler, T.2    Schweiger, A.M.3    Keck, F.S.4    Bein, B.5    Spiegel von, T.6
  • 14
    • 84880373267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kristoffersen {published data only}
    • Kristoffersen 2009 {published data only}
    • (2009)
  • 15
    • 65949114287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment interruption of suspected lower respiratory tract infections based on a single procalcitonin measurement at hospital admission--a randomized trial
    • Kristoffersen KB, Sogaard OS, Wejse C, Black FT, Greve T, Tarp B, et al.Antibiotic treatment interruption of suspected lower respiratory tract infections based on a single procalcitonin measurement at hospital admission--a randomized trial. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2009;15(5):481-7.
    • (2009) Clinical Microbiology and Infection , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 481-487
    • Kristoffersen, K.B.1    Sogaard, O.S.2    Wejse, C.3    Black, F.T.4    Greve, T.5    Tarp, B.6
  • 16
    • 84880390927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long {published data only}
    • Long 2009 {published data only}
    • (2009)
  • 17
    • 70349565388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-guidance for reduction of antibiotic use in low-risk outpatients with community acquired pneumonia
    • Long W, Deng XQ, Tang JG, Xie J, Zhang YC, Zhang Y, et al.Procalcitonin-guidance for reduction of antibiotic use in low-risk outpatients with community acquired pneumonia. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2009;48(3):216-9.
    • (2009) Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 216-219
    • Long, W.1    Deng, X.Q.2    Tang, J.G.3    Xie, J.4    Zhang, Y.C.5    Zhang, Y.6
  • 18
    • 84880395242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long {published data only}
    • Long 2011 {published data only}
    • (2011)
  • 19
    • 84894891969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-guidance for reduction of antibiotic use in low-risk outpatients with community acquired pneumonia
    • Long W, Deng X, Zhang Y, Lu G, Xie J, Tang J. Procalcitonin-guidance for reduction of antibiotic use in low-risk outpatients with community acquired pneumonia. Respirology 2011;76(1):266-9.
    • (2011) Respirology , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 266-269
    • Long, W.1    Deng, X.2    Zhang, Y.3    Lu, G.4    Xie, J.5    Tang, J.6
  • 20
    • 84880382800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nobre {published data only}
    • Nobre 2008 {published data only}
    • (2008)
  • 22
    • 84880345470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schroeder {published data only}
    • Schroeder 2009 {published data only}
    • (2009)
  • 23
    • 59449093757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided algorithm reduces length of antibiotic treatment in surgical intensive care patients with severe sepsis: results of a prospective randomized study
    • Schroeder S, Hochreiter M, Koehler T, Schweiger AM, Bein B, Keck FS, et al.Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided algorithm reduces length of antibiotic treatment in surgical intensive care patients with severe sepsis: results of a prospective randomized study. Langenbecks Archives of Surgery 2009;394(2):221-6.
    • (2009) Langenbecks Archives of Surgery , vol.394 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-226
    • Schroeder, S.1    Hochreiter, M.2    Koehler, T.3    Schweiger, A.M.4    Bein, B.5    Keck, F.S.6
  • 24
    • 84880393089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schuetz {published data only}
    • Schuetz 2009 {published data only}
    • (2009)
  • 25
    • 70149088214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: the ProHOSP randomized controlled trial
    • Schuetz P, Christ-Crain M, Thomann R, Falconnier C, Wolbers M, Widmer I, et al.Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: the ProHOSP randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;302(10):1059-66.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , Issue.10 , pp. 1059-1066
    • Schuetz, P.1    Christ-Crain, M.2    Thomann, R.3    Falconnier, C.4    Wolbers, M.5    Widmer, I.6
  • 26
    • 84880360306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stolz {published data only}
    • Stolz 2007 {published data only}
    • (2007)
  • 27
    • 33846311358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment of exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, controlled trial comparing procalcitonin-guidance with standard therapy
    • Stolz D, Christ-Crain M, Bingisser R, Leuppi J, Miedinger D, Muller C, et al.Antibiotic treatment of exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, controlled trial comparing procalcitonin-guidance with standard therapy. Chest 2007;131(1):9-19.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-19
    • Stolz, D.1    Christ-Crain, M.2    Bingisser, R.3    Leuppi, J.4    Miedinger, D.5    Muller, C.6
  • 28
    • 84880352637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stolz {published data only}
    • Stolz 2009 {published data only}
    • (2009)
  • 29
    • 73249128024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomised study
    • Stolz D, Smyrnios N, Eggimann P, Pargger H, Thakkar N, Siegemund M, et al.Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomised study. European Respiratory Journal 2009;34(6):1364-75.
    • (2009) European Respiratory Journal , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 1364-1375
    • Stolz, D.1    Smyrnios, N.2    Eggimann, P.3    Pargger, H.4    Thakkar, N.5    Siegemund, M.6
  • 30
    • 84880338806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • References to studies excluded from this review
    • References to studies excluded from this review
  • 31
    • 84880375766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Esposito {published data only}
    • Esposito 2012 {published data only}
    • (2012)
  • 33
    • 84880388178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heyland {published data only}
    • Heyland 2011 {published data only}
    • (2011)
  • 34
    • 79959669102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in the critical care setting: a systematic review and an economic evaluation
    • Heyland DK, Johnson AP, Reynolds SC, Muscedere J. Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in the critical care setting: a systematic review and an economic evaluation. Critical Care Medicine 2011;39(7):1792-9.
    • (2011) Critical Care Medicine , vol.39 , Issue.7 , pp. 1792-1799
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Johnson, A.P.2    Reynolds, S.C.3    Muscedere, J.4
  • 35
    • 84880355994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jensen {published data only}
    • Jensen 2011 {published data only}
    • (2011)
  • 36
    • 80051921479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-guided interventions against infections to increase early appropriate antibiotics and improve survival in the intensive care unit: a randomized trial
    • Jensen JU, Hein L, Lundgren B, Bestle MH, Mohr TT, Andersen MH, et al.Procalcitonin-guided interventions against infections to increase early appropriate antibiotics and improve survival in the intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Critical Care Medicine 2011;39(9):2048-58.
    • (2011) Critical Care Medicine , vol.39 , Issue.9 , pp. 2048-2058
    • Jensen, J.U.1    Hein, L.2    Lundgren, B.3    Bestle, M.H.4    Mohr, T.T.5    Andersen, M.H.6
  • 37
    • 84880352884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jones {published data only}
    • Jones 2007 {published data only}
    • (2007)
  • 39
    • 84880385831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kook {published data only}
    • Kook 2012 {published data only}
    • (2012)
  • 40
    • 84858854115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the use of procalcitonin assay in hospitalised patients with pneumonia at a community care hospital
    • Kook JL, Chao SR, Le J, Robinson PA. Impact of the use of procalcitonin assay in hospitalised patients with pneumonia at a community care hospital. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 2012;33(4):424-6.
    • (2012) Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 424-426
    • Kook, J.L.1    Chao, S.R.2    Le, J.3    Robinson, P.A.4
  • 41
    • 84880384186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liew {published data only}
    • Liew 2011 {published data only}
    • (2011)
  • 43
    • 84880350128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maravić-Stojković {published data only}
    • Maravić-Stojković 2011 {published data only}
    • (2011)
  • 45
    • 84880374956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Qu {published data only}
    • Qu 2012 {published data only}
    • (2012)
  • 46
    • 84859728934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin is a good tool to guide duration of antibiotic therapy in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. A randomized prospective single-center controlled trial
    • Qu R, Ji Y, Ling Y, Ye CY, Yang SM, Liu YY, et al. Procalcitonin is a good tool to guide duration of antibiotic therapy in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. A randomized prospective single-center controlled trial. Saudi Medical Journal 2012;33(4):382-7.
    • (2012) Saudi Medical Journal , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 382-387
    • Qu, R.1    Ji, Y.2    Ling, Y.3    Ye, C.Y.4    Yang, S.M.5    Liu, Y.Y.6
  • 47
    • 84880349808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saeed {published data only}
    • Saeed 2011 {published data only}
    • (2011)
  • 48
    • 79960172958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in antibiotic use through procalcitonin testing in patients in the medical admission unit or intensive care unit with suspicion of infection
    • Saeed K, Dryden M, Bourne S, Paget C, Proud A. Reduction in antibiotic use through procalcitonin testing in patients in the medical admission unit or intensive care unit with suspicion of infection. Journal of Hospital Infection 2011;78:289-92.
    • (2011) Journal of Hospital Infection , vol.78 , pp. 289-292
    • Saeed, K.1    Dryden, M.2    Bourne, S.3    Paget, C.4    Proud, A.5
  • 49
    • 84880394240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schuetz {published data only}
    • Schuetz 2010 {published data only}
    • (2010)
  • 51
    • 84880373096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simmonds {published data only}
    • Simmonds 2005 {published data only}
    • (2005)
  • 53
    • 84880359487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simon {published data only}
    • Simon 2004 {published data only}
    • (2004)
  • 54
    • 3242810355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Simon L, Gauvin F, Amre DK, Saint-Louis P, Lacroix J. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;39(2):206-17.
    • (2004) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 206-217
    • Simon, L.1    Gauvin, F.2    Amre, D.K.3    Saint-Louis, P.4    Lacroix, J.5
  • 55
    • 84880351874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stocker {published data only}
    • Stocker 2010 {published data only}
    • (2010)
  • 56
    • 70349262651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of procalcitonin-guided decision-making to shorten antibiotic therapy in suspected neonatal early-onset sepsis: prospective randomized intervention trial
    • Stocker M, Fontana M, el Helou S, Wegscheider K, Berger TM. Use of procalcitonin-guided decision-making to shorten antibiotic therapy in suspected neonatal early-onset sepsis: prospective randomized intervention trial. Neonatology 2010;97(2):165-74.
    • (2010) Neonatology , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-174
    • Stocker, M.1    Fontana, M.2    Helou El, S.3    Wegscheider, K.4    Berger, T.M.5
  • 57
    • 84880345084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tang {published data only}
    • Tang 2007 {published data only}
    • (2007)
  • 58
    • 33847056146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of procalcitonin for sepsis diagnosis in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Tang BM, Eslick GD, Craig JC, McLean AS. Accuracy of procalcitonin for sepsis diagnosis in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infectious Diseases 2007;7(3):210-7.
    • (2007) Lancet Infectious Diseases , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 210-217
    • Tang, B.M.1    Eslick, G.D.2    Craig, J.C.3    McLean, A.S.4
  • 59
    • 84880356146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tang {published data only}
    • Tang 2009 {published data only}
    • (2009)
  • 60
    • 77249139646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment in patients with infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Tang H, Huang T, Jing J, Shen H, Cui W. Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment in patients with infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection 2009;37(6):497-507.
    • (2009) Infection , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 497-507
    • Tang, H.1    Huang, T.2    Jing, J.3    Shen, H.4    Cui, W.5
  • 61
    • 84880383377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uzzan {published data only}
    • Uzzan 2006 {published data only}
    • (2006)
  • 62
    • 33745622134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin as a diagnostic test for sepsis in critically ill adults and after surgery or trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Uzzan B, Cohen R, Nicolas P, Cucherat M, Perret GY. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic test for sepsis in critically ill adults and after surgery or trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care Medicine 2006;34(7):1996-2003.
    • (2006) Critical Care Medicine , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 1996-2003
    • Uzzan, B.1    Cohen, R.2    Nicolas, P.3    Cucherat, M.4    Perret, G.Y.5
  • 63
    • 84880337922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • References to studies awaiting assessment
    • References to studies awaiting assessment
  • 64
    • 84880367822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beni {unpublished data only}
    • Beni 2011{unpublished data only}
    • (2011)
  • 65
    • 84880340149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-aided antibiotic therapy management in hospital-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia: A randomised controlled trial (the prohap study)
    • Shanghai, China,
    • Benni I. Procalcitonin-aided antibiotic therapy management in hospital-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia: A randomised controlled trial (the prohap study). Poster at the Respirology. Conference: 16th Congress of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology Shanghai, China. Shanghai, China, 2011; Vol. 16:68.
    • (2011) Poster at the Respirology. Conference: 16th Congress of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology Shanghai, China , vol.16 , pp. 68
    • Benni, I.1
  • 66
    • 84880352517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • References to ongoing studies
    • References to ongoing studies
  • 67
    • 84880345800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT00407147 {published data only}
    • NCT00407147 {published data only}
  • 68
    • 84880361975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin level to discontinue antibiotics on ICU patients with no obvious site of infection. Ongoing study 29 November
    • Procalcitonin level to discontinue antibiotics on ICU patients with no obvious site of infection. Ongoing study 29 November 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 69
    • 84880376879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT00692848 {unpublished data only}
    • NCT00692848 {unpublished data only}
  • 70
    • 84880355886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of procalcitonin on the management of children aged 1 to 36 month presenting with a fever without a source. Ongoing study November
    • Impact of procalcitonin on the management of children aged 1 to 36 month presenting with a fever without a source. Ongoing study November 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 71
    • 84880340935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT00832039 {published data only}
    • NCT00832039 {published data only}
  • 72
    • 84880350932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo controlled trial of sodium selenite and procalcitonin guided antimicrobial therapy in severe sepsis (SISPCT). Ongoing study 28 January 2009.
    • Placebo controlled trial of sodium selenite and procalcitonin guided antimicrobial therapy in severe sepsis (SISPCT). Ongoing study 28 January 2009.
  • 73
    • 84880384588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT00854932 {published data only}
    • NCT00854932 {published data only}
  • 74
    • 84880378361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal Procalcitonin Intervention Study (NeoPInS). Ongoing study 2 March
    • Neonatal Procalcitonin Intervention Study (NeoPInS). Ongoing study 2 March 2009.
    • (2009)
  • 75
    • 84880359501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT00914550 {published data only}
    • NCT00914550 {published data only}
  • 76
    • 84880351411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of procalcitonin level for guidance of the treatment of suspected community acquired pneumonia. Ongoing study June
    • Use of procalcitonin level for guidance of the treatment of suspected community acquired pneumonia. Ongoing study June 2009.
    • (2009)
  • 77
    • 84880348389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT00987818 {published data only}
    • NCT00987818 {published data only}
  • 78
    • 84880382253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin guided versus conventional antibiotic therapy in patients with sepsis in the ICU. Ongoing study Unclear.
    • Procalcitonin guided versus conventional antibiotic therapy in patients with sepsis in the ICU. Ongoing study Unclear.
  • 79
    • 84880369191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT01018199 {published data only}
    • NCT01018199 {published data only}
  • 80
    • 84880380095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin versus C-reactive protein to guide therapy in community acquired pneumonia (CAP-Marker). Ongoing study December
    • Procalcitonin versus C-reactive protein to guide therapy in community acquired pneumonia (CAP-Marker). Ongoing study December 2009.
    • (2009)
  • 81
    • 84880386401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT01025180 {published data only}
    • NCT01025180 {published data only}
  • 82
    • 84880371814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of procalcitonin (procalcitonin)-guided antibiotic use in severe sepsis patients without obvious infection (Pro-SEPS). Ongoing study 1 December
    • Study of procalcitonin (procalcitonin)-guided antibiotic use in severe sepsis patients without obvious infection (Pro-SEPS). Ongoing study 1 December 2009.
    • (2009)
  • 83
    • 84880347524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT01139489 {published data only}
    • NCT01139489 {published data only}
  • 84
    • 84880383318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of procalcitonin guided antibiotic therapy in adult intensive care units (ICUs) (SAPS). Ongoing study November
    • Safety and efficacy of procalcitonin guided antibiotic therapy in adult intensive care units (ICUs) (SAPS). Ongoing study November 2009.
    • (2009)
  • 85
    • 84880358541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCT01379547 {unpublished data only}
    • NCT01379547 {unpublished data only}
  • 86
    • 84880348526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin to shorten antibiotics duration in ICU patients (ProShort). Ongoing study 21 June
    • Procalcitonin to shorten antibiotics duration in ICU patients (ProShort). Ongoing study 21 June 2011.
    • (2011)
  • 87
    • 84880393518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additional references
    • Additional references
  • 88
    • 84880380059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arnold
    • Arnold 2005
    • (2005)
  • 89
    • 33644876652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in ambulatory care
    • [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003539.pub2]
    • Arnold SR, Straus SE. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in ambulatory care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003539.pub2]
    • (2005) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.4
    • Arnold, S.R.1    Straus, S.E.2
  • 90
    • 84880360171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cals
    • Cals 2009
    • (2009)
  • 91
    • 67650081378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of point of care testing for C reactive protein and training in communication skills on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster randomised trial
    • Cals JW, Butler CC, Hopstaken RM, Hood K, Dinant GJ. Effect of point of care testing for C reactive protein and training in communication skills on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster randomised trial. BMJ 2009;338:b1374.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.338 b1374
    • Cals, J.W.1    Butler, C.C.2    Hopstaken, R.M.3    Hood, K.4    Dinant, G.J.5
  • 92
    • 84880376698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classen
    • Classen 2010
    • (2010)
  • 94
    • 84880358615 scopus 로고
    • Dixon
    • Dixon 1985
    • (1985)
  • 95
    • 0021884126 scopus 로고
    • Economic costs of respiratory tract infections in the United States
    • Dixon RE. Economic costs of respiratory tract infections in the United States. American Journal of Medicine 1985;78(6B):45-51.
    • (1985) American Journal of Medicine , vol.78 B , Issue.6 , pp. 45-51
    • Dixon, R.E.1
  • 96
    • 84880379725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doan
    • Doan 2012
    • (2012)
  • 97
    • 84864510435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid viral diagnosis for acute febrile respiratory illness in children in the Emergency Department
    • [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006452.pub3]
    • Doan Q, Enarson P, Kissoon N, Klassen TP, Johnson DW. Rapid viral diagnosis for acute febrile respiratory illness in children in the Emergency Department. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 5. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006452.pub3]
    • (2012) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.5
    • Doan, Q.1    Enarson, P.2    Kissoon, N.3    Klassen, T.P.4    Johnson, D.W.5
  • 98
    • 84880383475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evans
    • Evans 2002
    • (2002)
  • 99
    • 0037062141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azithromycin for acute bronchitis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial
    • Evans AT, Husain S, Durairaj L, Sadowski LS, Charles-Damte M, Wang Y. Azithromycin for acute bronchitis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 2002;359(9318):1648-54.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9318 , pp. 1648-1654
    • Evans, A.T.1    Husain, S.2    Durairaj, L.3    Sadowski, L.S.4    Charles-Damte, M.5    Wang, Y.6
  • 100
    • 84880390128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filippini
    • Filippini 2006
    • (2006)
  • 101
    • 33746323297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic determinants of regional differences in outpatient antibiotic consumption: evidence from Switzerland
    • Filippini M, Masiero G, Moschetti K. Socioeconomic determinants of regional differences in outpatient antibiotic consumption: evidence from Switzerland. Health Policy 2006;78(1):77-92.
    • (2006) Health Policy , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-92
    • Filippini, M.1    Masiero, G.2    Moschetti, K.3
  • 102
    • 84880365786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonzales
    • Gonzales 1997
    • (1997)
  • 103
    • 0030785447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prescribing for adults with colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis by ambulatory care physicians
    • Gonzales R, Steiner JF, Sande MA. Antibiotic prescribing for adults with colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis by ambulatory care physicians. JAMA 1997;278(11):901-4.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , Issue.11 , pp. 901-904
    • Gonzales, R.1    Steiner, J.F.2    Sande, M.A.3
  • 104
    • 84880342043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goossens 2005
    • Goossens 2005
  • 105
    • 13844254907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study
    • Goossens H, Ferech M, Vander Stichele R, Elseviers M. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study. Lancet 2005;365(9435):579-87.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , Issue.9435 , pp. 579-587
    • Goossens, H.1    Ferech, M.2    Vander Stichele, R.3    Elseviers, M.4
  • 106
    • 84880367604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higgins 2003
    • Higgins 2003
  • 107
    • 0041876133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
    • Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003;327(7414):557-60.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , Issue.7414 , pp. 557-560
    • Higgins, J.P.1    Thompson, S.G.2    Deeks, J.J.3    Altman, D.G.4
  • 108
    • 84880350757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higgins 2011
    • Higgins 2011
  • 109
    • 84872417999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration
    • (Editors)
    • Higgins JPT, Green S (Editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org 2011.
    • (2011) Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org
    • Higgins, J.P.T.1    Green, S.2
  • 110
    • 84880381819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hoare 2006
    • Hoare 2006
  • 111
    • 33646474447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia: update on diagnosis and management
    • Hoare Z, Lim WS. Pneumonia: update on diagnosis and management. BMJ 2006;332(7549):1077-9.
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.332 , Issue.7549 , pp. 1077-1079
    • Hoare, Z.1    Lim, W.S.2
  • 112
    • 84880371080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Konstantinides 2008
    • Konstantinides 2008
  • 113
    • 58149094123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary embolism
    • Konstantinides S. Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary embolism. New England Journal of Medicine 2008;359(26):2804-13.
    • (2008) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.359 , Issue.26 , pp. 2804-2813
    • Konstantinides, S.1
  • 114
    • 84880355914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kumar 2006
    • Kumar 2006
  • 115
    • 33744527833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock
    • Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, Light B, Parrillo JE, Sharma S, et al.Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Critical Care Medicine 2006;34(6):1589-96.
    • (2006) Critical Care Medicine , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 1589-1596
    • Kumar, A.1    Roberts, D.2    Wood, K.E.3    Light, B.4    Parrillo, J.E.5    Sharma, S.6
  • 116
    • 84880346213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kumar
    • Kumar 2009
    • (2009)
  • 117
    • 70350580290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy results in a fivefold reduction of survival in human septic shock
    • Kumar A, Ellis P, Arabi Y, Roberts D, Light B, Parrillo JE, et al.Initiation of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy results in a fivefold reduction of survival in human septic shock. Chest 2009;136(5):1237-48.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , Issue.5 , pp. 1237-1248
    • Kumar, A.1    Ellis, P.2    Arabi, Y.3    Roberts, D.4    Light, B.5    Parrillo, J.E.6
  • 118
    • 84880385902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lawrence
    • Lawrence 2009
    • (2009)
  • 120
    • 84880385817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liberati
    • Liberati 2009a
    • (2009)
  • 121
    • 84872011968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration
    • Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al.The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2009;62(10):e1-34.
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.62 , Issue.10
    • Liberati, A.1    Altman, D.G.2    Tetzlaff, J.3    Mulrow, C.4    Gotzsche, P.C.5    Ioannidis, J.P.6
  • 122
    • 84880378480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liberati
    • Liberati 2009b
    • (2009)
  • 123
    • 77950167097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving intensive care
    • [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000022.pub3]
    • Liberati A, D'Amico R, Pifferi S, Torri V, Brazzi L, Parmelli E. Antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving intensive care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000022.pub3]
    • (2009) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.4
    • Liberati, A.1    D'Amico, R.2    Pifferi, S.3    Torri, V.4    Brazzi, L.5    Parmelli, E.6
  • 124
    • 84880359105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Little 1007
    • Little 1007
  • 125
    • 0031054529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open randomised trial of prescribing strategies in managing sore throat
    • Little P, Williamson I, Warner G, Gould C, Gantley M, Kinmonth AL. Open randomised trial of prescribing strategies in managing sore throat. BMJ 1997;314(7082):722-7.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.314 , Issue.7082 , pp. 722-727
    • Little, P.1    Williamson, I.2    Warner, G.3    Gould, C.4    Gantley, M.5    Kinmonth, A.L.6
  • 126
    • 84880387354 scopus 로고
    • Macfarlane
    • Macfarlane 1993
    • (1993)
  • 127
    • 0027464647 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract infections in the community
    • Macfarlane JT, Colville A, Guion A, Macfarlane RM, Rose DH. Prospective study of aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract infections in the community. Lancet 1993;341:511-4.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 511-514
    • Macfarlane, J.T.1    Colville, A.2    Guion, A.3    Macfarlane, R.M.4    Rose, D.H.5
  • 128
    • 84880392126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manzano
    • Manzano 2010
    • (2010)
  • 129
    • 77955475324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of procalcitonin on the management of children aged 1 to 36 months presenting with fever without source: a randomized controlled trial
    • Manzano S, Bailey B, Girodias JB, Galetto-Lacour A, Cousineau J, Delvin E. Impact of procalcitonin on the management of children aged 1 to 36 months presenting with fever without source: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2010;28(6):647-53.
    • (2010) American Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 647-653
    • Manzano, S.1    Bailey, B.2    Girodias, J.B.3    Galetto-Lacour, A.4    Cousineau, J.5    Delvin, E.6
  • 130
    • 84880352290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muller
    • Muller 2000
    • (2000)
  • 132
    • 84880354218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muller
    • Muller 2001
    • (2001)
  • 133
    • 0035923176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin: how a hormone became a marker and mediator of sepsis
    • (41-2)
    • Muller B, Becker KL. Procalcitonin: how a hormone became a marker and mediator of sepsis. Swiss Medical Weekly 2001;131(41-2):595-602.
    • (2001) Swiss Medical Weekly , vol.131 , pp. 595-602
    • Muller, B.1    Becker, K.L.2
  • 134
    • 84880390771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muller
    • Muller 2010
    • (2010)
  • 135
    • 77952273695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin levels predict bacteremia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort trial
    • Muller F, Christ-Crain M, Bregenzer T, Krause M, Zimmerli W, Mueller B, et al.Procalcitonin levels predict bacteremia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort trial. Chest 2010;138(1):121-9.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-129
    • Muller, F.1    Christ-Crain, M.2    Bregenzer, T.3    Krause, M.4    Zimmerli, W.5    Mueller, B.6
  • 136
    • 84880342119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RevMan
    • RevMan 2011
    • (2011)
  • 137
    • 84880371948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). 5.1. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration
    • The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). 5.1. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011.
    • (2011)
  • 138
    • 84880389794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roberts
    • Roberts 2009
    • (2009)
  • 139
    • 70349895519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital and societal costs of antimicrobial-resistant infections in a Chicago teaching hospital: implications for antibiotic stewardship
    • Roberts RR, Hota B, Ahmad I, Scott RD 2nd, Foster SD, Abbasi F, et al.Hospital and societal costs of antimicrobial-resistant infections in a Chicago teaching hospital: implications for antibiotic stewardship. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2009;49(8):1175-84.
    • (2009) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.49 , Issue.8 , pp. 1175-1184
    • Roberts, R.R.1    Hota, B.2    Ahmad, I.3    Scott, R.2.4    Foster, S.D.5    Abbasi, F.6
  • 140
    • 84880359530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schuetz
    • Schuetz 2010b
    • (2010)
  • 142
    • 84880367932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schuetz
    • Schuetz 2011
    • (2011)
  • 143
    • 80051637867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin algorithms for antibiotic therapy decisions: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and recommendations for clinical algorithms
    • Schuetz P, Chiappa V, Briel M, Greenwald JL. Procalcitonin algorithms for antibiotic therapy decisions: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and recommendations for clinical algorithms. Archives of Internal Medicine 2011;171(15):1322-31.
    • (2011) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.171 , Issue.15 , pp. 1322-1331
    • Schuetz, P.1    Chiappa, V.2    Briel, M.3    Greenwald, J.L.4
  • 144
    • 84880342149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spurling
    • Spurling 2010
    • (2010)
  • 146
    • 84880390198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thompson
    • Thompson 2001
    • (2001)
  • 147
    • 0035183210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel models for meta-analysis, and their application to absolute risk differences
    • Thompson SG, Turner RM, Warn DE. Multilevel models for meta-analysis, and their application to absolute risk differences. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2001;10(6):375-92.
    • (2001) Statistical Methods in Medical Research , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 375-392
    • Thompson, S.G.1    Turner, R.M.2    Warn, D.E.3
  • 148
    • 84880374043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turner
    • Turner 2000
    • (2000)
  • 149
    • 0034736559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multilevel model framework for meta-analysis of clinical trials with binary outcomes
    • Turner RM, Omar RZ, Yang M, Goldstein H, Thompson SG. A multilevel model framework for meta-analysis of clinical trials with binary outcomes. Statistics in Medicine 2000;19(24):3417-32.
    • (2000) Statistics in Medicine , vol.19 , Issue.24 , pp. 3417-3432
    • Turner, R.M.1    Omar, R.Z.2    Yang, M.3    Goldstein, H.4    Thompson, S.G.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.