메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue , 2013, Pages 168-174

Bounding uncertainties in intrinsic human elimination half-lives and intake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the North American population

Author keywords

Biomonitoring; Exposure; Intake; Intrinsic elimination half lives; PBDE; Pharmacokinetic modeling

Indexed keywords

ESTIMATION; PHARMACOKINETICS; POPULATION STATISTICS; RATE CONSTANTS;

EID: 84880168671     PISSN: 01604120     EISSN: 18736750     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.05.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0034084318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A generic model of human lifetime exposure to persistent organic contaminants: development and application to PCB-101
    • Alcock R.E., Sweetman A.J., Juan C.Y., Jones K.C. A generic model of human lifetime exposure to persistent organic contaminants: development and application to PCB-101. Environ Pollut 2000, 110:253-265.
    • (2000) Environ Pollut , vol.110 , pp. 253-265
    • Alcock, R.E.1    Sweetman, A.J.2    Juan, C.Y.3    Jones, K.C.4
  • 2
    • 43749084439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of PBDEs in juvenile lake trout estimated using a dynamic multichemical fish model
    • Bhavsar S.P., Gandhi N., Gewurtz S.B., Tomy G.T. Fate of PBDEs in juvenile lake trout estimated using a dynamic multichemical fish model. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:3724-3731.
    • (2008) Environ Sci Technol , vol.42 , pp. 3724-3731
    • Bhavsar, S.P.1    Gandhi, N.2    Gewurtz, S.B.3    Tomy, G.T.4
  • 3
    • 77949370571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the rate of decline of persistent organic contaminants in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Great Lakes, 1970-2003
    • Carlson D.L., De Vault D.S., Swackhamer D.L. On the rate of decline of persistent organic contaminants in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Great Lakes, 1970-2003. Environ Sci Technol 2010, 44:2004-2010.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 2004-2010
    • Carlson, D.L.1    De Vault, D.S.2    Swackhamer, D.L.3
  • 4
    • 23244432847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated diphenyl ether trends in eggs of marine and freshwater birds from British Columbia, Canada, 1979-2002
    • Elliott J.E., Wilson L.K., Wakeford B. Polybrominated diphenyl ether trends in eggs of marine and freshwater birds from British Columbia, Canada, 1979-2002. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39:5584-5591.
    • (2005) Environ Sci Technol , vol.39 , pp. 5584-5591
    • Elliott, J.E.1    Wilson, L.K.2    Wakeford, B.3
  • 5
    • 70349333548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), as evidenced by data from a duplicate diet study, indoor air, house dust, and biomonitoring in Germany
    • Fromme H., Koerner W., Shahin N., Wanner A., Albrecht M., Boehmer S., et al. Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), as evidenced by data from a duplicate diet study, indoor air, house dust, and biomonitoring in Germany. Environ Int 2009, 35:1125-1135.
    • (2009) Environ Int , vol.35 , pp. 1125-1135
    • Fromme, H.1    Koerner, W.2    Shahin, N.3    Wanner, A.4    Albrecht, M.5    Boehmer, S.6
  • 6
    • 40949126523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dramatic changes in the temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in herring gull eggs from the Laurentian Great Lakes: 1982-2006
    • Gauthier L.T., Hebert C.E., Weseloh D.V.C., Letcher R.J. Dramatic changes in the temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in herring gull eggs from the Laurentian Great Lakes: 1982-2006. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:1524-1530.
    • (2008) Environ Sci Technol , vol.42 , pp. 1524-1530
    • Gauthier, L.T.1    Hebert, C.E.2    Weseloh, D.V.C.3    Letcher, R.J.4
  • 7
    • 14744272838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terminal elimination half-lives of the brominated flame retardants TBBPA, HBCD, and lower brominated PBDEs in humans
    • Geyer H.J., Schramm K.W., Darnerud P.O., Aune M., Feicht E.A., Fried K.W., et al. Terminal elimination half-lives of the brominated flame retardants TBBPA, HBCD, and lower brominated PBDEs in humans. Organohalogen Compd 2004, 66:3820-3825.
    • (2004) Organohalogen Compd , vol.66 , pp. 3820-3825
    • Geyer, H.J.1    Schramm, K.W.2    Darnerud, P.O.3    Aune, M.4    Feicht, E.A.5    Fried, K.W.6
  • 8
    • 1242297693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: a meta-analysis of concentrations
    • Hites R.A. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: a meta-analysis of concentrations. Environ Sci Technol 2004, 38:945-956.
    • (2004) Environ Sci Technol , vol.38 , pp. 945-956
    • Hites, R.A.1
  • 9
    • 79957950098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in US meat and poultry from two statistically designed surveys showing trends and levels from 2002 to 2008
    • Huwe J.K., West M. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in US meat and poultry from two statistically designed surveys showing trends and levels from 2002 to 2008. J Agric Food Chem 2011, 59:5428-5434.
    • (2011) J Agric Food Chem , vol.59 , pp. 5428-5434
    • Huwe, J.K.1    West, M.2
  • 10
    • 67249093851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in lake Ontario, Canada, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) between 1979 and 2004 and possible influences of food-web changes
    • Ismail N., Gewurtz S.B., Pleskach K., Whittle D.M., Helm P.A., Marvin C.H., et al. Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in lake Ontario, Canada, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) between 1979 and 2004 and possible influences of food-web changes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2009, 28:910-920.
    • (2009) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.28 , pp. 910-920
    • Ismail, N.1    Gewurtz, S.B.2    Pleskach, K.3    Whittle, D.M.4    Helm, P.A.5    Marvin, C.H.6
  • 11
    • 77954612662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in house dust and serum
    • Johnson P.I., Stapleton H.M., Slodin A., Meeker J.D. Relationships between polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in house dust and serum. Environ Sci Technol 2010, 44:5627-5632.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 5627-5632
    • Johnson, P.I.1    Stapleton, H.M.2    Slodin, A.3    Meeker, J.D.4
  • 12
    • 22344438570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is house dust the missing exposure pathway for PBDEs? An analysis of the urban fate and human exposure to PBDEs
    • Jones-Otazo H.A., Clarke J.P., Diamond M.L., Archbold J.A., Ferguson G., Harner T., et al. Is house dust the missing exposure pathway for PBDEs? An analysis of the urban fate and human exposure to PBDEs. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39:5121-5130.
    • (2005) Environ Sci Technol , vol.39 , pp. 5121-5130
    • Jones-Otazo, H.A.1    Clarke, J.P.2    Diamond, M.L.3    Archbold, J.A.4    Ferguson, G.5    Harner, T.6
  • 13
    • 0030977083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and congeners in infants. A toxicokinetic model of human lifetime body burden by TCDD with special emphasis on its uptake by nutrition
    • Kreuzer P.E., Csanady G.A., Baur C., Kessler W., Papke O., Greim H., et al. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and congeners in infants. A toxicokinetic model of human lifetime body burden by TCDD with special emphasis on its uptake by nutrition. Arch Toxicol 1997, 71:383-400.
    • (1997) Arch Toxicol , vol.71 , pp. 383-400
    • Kreuzer, P.E.1    Csanady, G.A.2    Baur, C.3    Kessler, W.4    Papke, O.5    Greim, H.6
  • 14
    • 67649410144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent organochlorine and organobromine compounds in mother's milk from Sweden 1996-2006: compound-specific temporal trends
    • Lignell S., Aune M., Darnerud P.O., Cnattingius S., Glynn A. Persistent organochlorine and organobromine compounds in mother's milk from Sweden 1996-2006: compound-specific temporal trends. Environ Res 2009, 109:760-767.
    • (2009) Environ Res , vol.109 , pp. 760-767
    • Lignell, S.1    Aune, M.2    Darnerud, P.O.3    Cnattingius, S.4    Glynn, A.5
  • 15
    • 37349065763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of Americans to polybrominated diphenyl ethers
    • Lorber M. Exposure of Americans to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2008, 18:2-19.
    • (2008) J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol , vol.18 , pp. 2-19
    • Lorber, M.1
  • 17
    • 70349432166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in half-life of penta-chlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) blood level among Yusho patients
    • Matsumoto S., Akahane M., Kanagawa Y., Koike S., Yoshimura T., Mitoma C., et al. Variation in half-life of penta-chlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) blood level among Yusho patients. Chemosphere 2009, 77:658-662.
    • (2009) Chemosphere , vol.77 , pp. 658-662
    • Matsumoto, S.1    Akahane, M.2    Kanagawa, Y.3    Koike, S.4    Yoshimura, T.5    Mitoma, C.6
  • 18
    • 33646345022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated diphenyleher levels among United States residents: daily intake and risk of harm to the developing brain and reproductive organs
    • McDonald T.A. Polybrominated diphenyleher levels among United States residents: daily intake and risk of harm to the developing brain and reproductive organs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2005, 1:343-354.
    • (2005) Integr Environ Assess Manag , vol.1 , pp. 343-354
    • McDonald, T.A.1
  • 20
    • 72249083310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-trends and congener profiles of PBDEs and PCBs in California peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus)
    • Park J.S., Holden A., Chu V., Kim M., Rhee A., Patel P., et al. Time-trends and congener profiles of PBDEs and PCBs in California peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus). Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43:8744-8751.
    • (2009) Environ Sci Technol , vol.43 , pp. 8744-8751
    • Park, J.S.1    Holden, A.2    Chu, V.3    Kim, M.4    Rhee, A.5    Patel, P.6
  • 21
    • 33751226588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption, disposition and excretion of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken
    • Pirard C., De Pauw E. Absorption, disposition and excretion of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken. Chemosphere 2007, 66:320-325.
    • (2007) Chemosphere , vol.66 , pp. 320-325
    • Pirard, C.1    De Pauw, E.2
  • 22
    • 3042723906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the production, consumption and atmospheric emissions of pentabrominated diphenyl ether in Europe between 1970 and 2000
    • Prevedouros A., Jones K.C., Sweetman A.J. Estimation of the production, consumption and atmospheric emissions of pentabrominated diphenyl ether in Europe between 1970 and 2000. Environ Sci Technol 2004, 38:3224.
    • (2004) Environ Sci Technol , vol.38 , pp. 3224
    • Prevedouros, A.1    Jones, K.C.2    Sweetman, A.J.3
  • 23
    • 84859334841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding differences in the body burden-age relationships of bioaccumulating contaminants based on population cross sections versus individuals
    • Quinn C.L., Wania F. Understanding differences in the body burden-age relationships of bioaccumulating contaminants based on population cross sections versus individuals. Environ Health Perspect 2012, 120:554-559.
    • (2012) Environ Health Perspect , vol.120 , pp. 554-559
    • Quinn, C.L.1    Wania, F.2
  • 24
    • 69249138303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-individual pharmacokinetic model framework for interpreting time trends of persistent chemicals in human populations: application to a postban situation
    • Ritter R., Scheringer M., MacLeod M., Schenker U., Hungerbuehler K. A multi-individual pharmacokinetic model framework for interpreting time trends of persistent chemicals in human populations: application to a postban situation. Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:1280-1286.
    • (2009) Environ Health Perspect , vol.117 , pp. 1280-1286
    • Ritter, R.1    Scheringer, M.2    MacLeod, M.3    Schenker, U.4    Hungerbuehler, K.5
  • 25
    • 78651463050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic human elimination half-lives of polychlorinated biphenyls derived from the temporal evolution of cross-sectional biomonitoring data from the United Kingdom
    • Ritter R., Scheringer M., MacLeod M., Moeckel C., Jones K.C., Hungerbuhler K. Intrinsic human elimination half-lives of polychlorinated biphenyls derived from the temporal evolution of cross-sectional biomonitoring data from the United Kingdom. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:225-231.
    • (2011) Environ Health Perspect , vol.119 , pp. 225-231
    • Ritter, R.1    Scheringer, M.2    MacLeod, M.3    Moeckel, C.4    Jones, K.C.5    Hungerbuhler, K.6
  • 26
    • 0023541565 scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorphenyl dichlorethen (DDE) in human milk - effects on growth, morbidity, and duration of lactation
    • Rogan W.J., Gladen B.C., McKinney J.D., Carreras N., Hardy P., Thullen J. Polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorphenyl dichlorethen (DDE) in human milk - effects on growth, morbidity, and duration of lactation. Am J Public Health 1987, 77:1294-1297.
    • (1987) Am J Public Health , vol.77 , pp. 1294-1297
    • Rogan, W.J.1    Gladen, B.C.2    McKinney, J.D.3    Carreras, N.4    Hardy, P.5    Thullen, J.6
  • 27
    • 0033151443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clearance of PCDD/Fs via the gastrointestinal tract in occupationally exposed persons
    • Rohde S., Moser G.A., Papke O., McLachlan M.S. Clearance of PCDD/Fs via the gastrointestinal tract in occupationally exposed persons. Chemosphere 1999, 38:3397-3410.
    • (1999) Chemosphere , vol.38 , pp. 3397-3410
    • Rohde, S.1    Moser, G.A.2    Papke, O.3    McLachlan, M.S.4
  • 28
    • 33745685438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption of C-14-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (TeBDE) through human and rat skin in vitro
    • Roper C.S., Simpson A.G., Madden S., Serex T.L., Biesemeier J.A. Absorption of C-14-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (TeBDE) through human and rat skin in vitro. Drug Chem Toxicol 2006, 29:289-301.
    • (2006) Drug Chem Toxicol , vol.29 , pp. 289-301
    • Roper, C.S.1    Simpson, A.G.2    Madden, S.3    Serex, T.L.4    Biesemeier, J.A.5
  • 29
    • 0002986260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) and levels in Canadian human milks
    • Ryan J.J., Patry B. Determination of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) and levels in Canadian human milks. Organohalogen Compd 2000, 47:57-60.
    • (2000) Organohalogen Compd , vol.47 , pp. 57-60
    • Ryan, J.J.1    Patry, B.2
  • 30
    • 0041303109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in levels of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in human milks from Canada
    • Ryan J.J., Patry B., Mills P., Beaudoin N.G. Recent trends in levels of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in human milks from Canada. Organohalogen Compd 2002, 58:173-176.
    • (2002) Organohalogen Compd , vol.58 , pp. 173-176
    • Ryan, J.J.1    Patry, B.2    Mills, P.3    Beaudoin, N.G.4
  • 31
    • 14944370042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the US population: current levels, temporal trends, and comparison with dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls
    • Schecter A., Papke O., Tung K.C., Joseph J., Harris T.R., Dahlgren J. Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the US population: current levels, temporal trends, and comparison with dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls. J Occup Environ Med 2005, 47:199-211.
    • (2005) J Occup Environ Med , vol.47 , pp. 199-211
    • Schecter, A.1    Papke, O.2    Tung, K.C.3    Joseph, J.4    Harris, T.R.5    Dahlgren, J.6
  • 32
    • 76349091577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in serum and milk from the same mothers
    • Schecter A., Colacino J., Sjödin A., Needham L., Birnbaum L. Partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in serum and milk from the same mothers. Chemosphere 2010, 78:1279-1284.
    • (2010) Chemosphere , vol.78 , pp. 1279-1284
    • Schecter, A.1    Colacino, J.2    Sjödin, A.3    Needham, L.4    Birnbaum, L.5
  • 33
    • 78751475781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation and clearance of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in current and former residents of an exposed community
    • Seals R., Bartell S.M., Steenland K. Accumulation and clearance of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in current and former residents of an exposed community. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:119-124.
    • (2011) Environ Health Perspect , vol.119 , pp. 119-124
    • Seals, R.1    Bartell, S.M.2    Steenland, K.3
  • 34
    • 0030577025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in estimated half-lives of PCBS in humans: impact on exposure assessment
    • Shirai J.H., Kissel J.C. Uncertainty in estimated half-lives of PCBS in humans: impact on exposure assessment. Sci Total Environ 1996, 187:199-210.
    • (1996) Sci Total Environ , vol.187 , pp. 199-210
    • Shirai, J.H.1    Kissel, J.C.2
  • 35
    • 84863806079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legacy and current-use flame retardants in house dust from Vancouver, Canada
    • Shoeib M., Harner T., Webster G.M., Sverko E., Cheng Y. Legacy and current-use flame retardants in house dust from Vancouver, Canada. Environ Pollut 2012, 169:175-182.
    • (2012) Environ Pollut , vol.169 , pp. 175-182
    • Shoeib, M.1    Harner, T.2    Webster, G.M.3    Sverko, E.4    Cheng, Y.5
  • 36
    • 39649116021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polyhrominated biphenyl (PBB) in the United States population: 2003-2004
    • Sjödin A., Wong L.Y., Jones R.S., Park A., Zhang Y., Hodge C., et al. Serum concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polyhrominated biphenyl (PBB) in the United States population: 2003-2004. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:1377-1384.
    • (2008) Environ Sci Technol , vol.42 , pp. 1377-1384
    • Sjödin, A.1    Wong, L.Y.2    Jones, R.S.3    Park, A.4    Zhang, Y.5    Hodge, C.6
  • 37
    • 70349587834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) poisoning in Victor Yushchenko: identification and measurement of TCDD metabolites
    • Sorg O., Zennegg M., Schmid P., Fedosyuk R., Valikhnovskyi R., Gaide O., et al. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) poisoning in Victor Yushchenko: identification and measurement of TCDD metabolites. Lancet 2009, 374:1179-1185.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 1179-1185
    • Sorg, O.1    Zennegg, M.2    Schmid, P.3    Fedosyuk, R.4    Valikhnovskyi, R.5    Gaide, O.6
  • 38
    • 0348046332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debromination of the flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether by juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) following dietary exposure
    • Stapleton H.M., Alaee M., Letcher R.J., Baker J.E. Debromination of the flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether by juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) following dietary exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2004, 38:112-119.
    • (2004) Environ Sci Technol , vol.38 , pp. 112-119
    • Stapleton, H.M.1    Alaee, M.2    Letcher, R.J.3    Baker, J.E.4
  • 39
    • 13644259469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicokinetics of BDE 47 in female mice: effect of dose, route of exposure, and time
    • Staskal D.F., Diliberto J.J., DeVito M.J., Birnbaum L.S. Toxicokinetics of BDE 47 in female mice: effect of dose, route of exposure, and time. Toxicol Sci 2005, 83:215-223.
    • (2005) Toxicol Sci , vol.83 , pp. 215-223
    • Staskal, D.F.1    Diliberto, J.J.2    DeVito, M.J.3    Birnbaum, L.S.4
  • 40
    • 84880161824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C.
    • The World Factbook 2009, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C., [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html].
    • (2009)
  • 41
    • 32044431908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent half-lives of hepta- to decabrominated diphenyl ethers in human serum as determined in occupationally exposed workers
    • Thuresson K., Hoglund P., Hagmar L., Sjödin A., Bergman A., Jakobsson K. Apparent half-lives of hepta- to decabrominated diphenyl ethers in human serum as determined in occupationally exposed workers. Environ Health Perspect 2006, 114:176-181.
    • (2006) Environ Health Perspect , vol.114 , pp. 176-181
    • Thuresson, K.1    Hoglund, P.2    Hagmar, L.3    Sjödin, A.4    Bergman, A.5    Jakobsson, K.6
  • 43
    • 79953878833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total consumer exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in North America and Europe
    • Trudel D., Scheringer M., von Goetz N., Hungerbuhler K. Total consumer exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in North America and Europe. Environ Sci Technol 2011, 45:2391-2397.
    • (2011) Environ Sci Technol , vol.45 , pp. 2391-2397
    • Trudel, D.1    Scheringer, M.2    von Goetz, N.3    Hungerbuhler, K.4
  • 44
    • 78549252552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, [EPA/600/R-08/086F. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, and online at
    • U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) An exposure assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers 2010, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, [EPA/600/R-08/086F. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, and online at http://www.epa.gov/ncea].
    • (2010) An exposure assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
  • 45
    • 82955183399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, [EPA/600/R-09/052F]
    • U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Exposure factors handbook 2011 edition (final) 2011, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, [EPA/600/R-09/052F].
    • (2011) Exposure factors handbook 2011 edition (final)
  • 46
    • 46949110337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flame retardants in the atmosphere near the Great Lakes
    • Venier M., Hites R.A. Flame retardants in the atmosphere near the Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:4745-4751.
    • (2008) Environ Sci Technol , vol.42 , pp. 4745-4751
    • Venier, M.1    Hites, R.A.2
  • 47
    • 80052306547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to PBDEs in the office environment: evaluating the relationships between dust, handwipes, and serum
    • Watkins D.J., McClean M.D., Fraser A.J., Weinberg J., Stapleton H.M., Sjödin A., et al. Exposure to PBDEs in the office environment: evaluating the relationships between dust, handwipes, and serum. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:1247-1252.
    • (2011) Environ Health Perspect , vol.119 , pp. 1247-1252
    • Watkins, D.J.1    McClean, M.D.2    Fraser, A.J.3    Weinberg, J.4    Stapleton, H.M.5    Sjödin, A.6
  • 49
    • 2442662751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends and spatial distributions of brominated flame retardants in archived fishes from the Great Lakes
    • Zhu L.Y., Hites R.A. Temporal trends and spatial distributions of brominated flame retardants in archived fishes from the Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 2004, 38:2779-2784.
    • (2004) Environ Sci Technol , vol.38 , pp. 2779-2784
    • Zhu, L.Y.1    Hites, R.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.