메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 126, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 223-233

Stapling of the botulinum type A protease to growth factors and neuropeptides allows selective targeting of neuroendocrine cells

Author keywords

botulinum; growth factor; neuroendocrine tumor; neuropeptide; SNAP25; targeting

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A; CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR; DERMORPHINE; DYNORPHIN 17; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; NEUROPEPTIDE; SOMATOSTATIN; SUBSTANCE P; SYNAPTOSOMAL ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84879939934     PISSN: 00223042     EISSN: 14714159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12284     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0023712551 scopus 로고
    • Structural requirements for dermorphin opioid receptor binding
    • Amiche M., Delfour A., and, Nicolas P., (1988) Structural requirements for dermorphin opioid receptor binding. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 32, 28-34.
    • (1988) Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. , vol.32 , pp. 28-34
    • Amiche, M.1    Delfour, A.2    Nicolas, P.3
  • 3
    • 77955655743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature dependent photolabeling of the human angiotensin II type 1 receptor reveals insights into its conformational landscape and its activation mechanism
    • Arsenault J., Cabana J., Fillion D., Leduc R., Guillemette G., Lavigne P., and, Escher E., (2010) Temperature dependent photolabeling of the human angiotensin II type 1 receptor reveals insights into its conformational landscape and its activation mechanism. Biochem. Pharmacol. 80, 990-999.
    • (2010) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.80 , pp. 990-999
    • Arsenault, J.1    Cabana, J.2    Fillion, D.3    Leduc, R.4    Guillemette, G.5    Lavigne, P.6    Escher, E.7
  • 4
    • 10044260742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular basis underlying differences in the toxicity of botulinum serotypes A and e
    • Bajohrs M., Rickman C., Binz T., and, Davletov B., (2004) A molecular basis underlying differences in the toxicity of botulinum serotypes A and E. EMBO Rep. 5, 1090-1095.
    • (2004) EMBO Rep. , vol.5 , pp. 1090-1095
    • Bajohrs, M.1    Rickman, C.2    Binz, T.3    Davletov, B.4
  • 5
    • 29144521278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promiscuous interaction of SNAP-25 with all plasma membrane syntaxins in a neuroendocrine cell
    • Bajohrs M., Darios F., Peak-Chew S. Y., and, Davletov B., (2005) Promiscuous interaction of SNAP-25 with all plasma membrane syntaxins in a neuroendocrine cell. Biochem. J. 392, 283-289.
    • (2005) Biochem. J. , vol.392 , pp. 283-289
    • Bajohrs, M.1    Darios, F.2    Peak-Chew, S.Y.3    Davletov, B.4
  • 6
    • 77956297954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth Suppression of Mouse Pituitary Corticotroph Tumor AtT20 Cells by Curcumin: A Model for Treating Cushing's Disease
    • Bangaru M. L. Y., Woodliff J., Raff H., and, Kansra S., (2010) Growth Suppression of Mouse Pituitary Corticotroph Tumor AtT20 Cells by Curcumin: A Model for Treating Cushing's Disease. PLoS ONE 5, e9893.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • Bangaru, M.L.Y.1    Woodliff, J.2    Raff, H.3    Kansra, S.4
  • 8
    • 65949090949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell entry strategy of clostridial neurotoxins
    • Binz T., and, Rummel A., (2009) Cell entry strategy of clostridial neurotoxins. J. Neurochem. 109, 1584-1595.
    • (2009) J. Neurochem. , vol.109 , pp. 1584-1595
    • Binz, T.1    Rummel, A.2
  • 9
    • 0029097634 scopus 로고
    • The effect of botulinum neurotoxins on the release of insulin from the insulinoma cell lines HIT-15 and RINm5F
    • Boyd R. S., Duggan M. J., Shone C. C., and, Foster K. A., (1995) The effect of botulinum neurotoxins on the release of insulin from the insulinoma cell lines HIT-15 and RINm5F. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 18216-18218.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 18216-18218
    • Boyd, R.S.1    Duggan, M.J.2    Shone, C.C.3    Foster, K.A.4
  • 10
    • 33645086131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridial neurotoxins: Structure-function led design of new therapeutics
    • Chaddock J. A., and, Marks P. M., (2006) Clostridial neurotoxins: structure-function led design of new therapeutics. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 63, 540-551.
    • (2006) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 540-551
    • Chaddock, J.A.1    Marks, P.M.2
  • 11
    • 0033800350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conjugate composed of nerve growth factor coupled to a non-toxic derivative of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A can inhibit neurotransmitter release in vitro
    • Chaddock J. A., Purkiss J. R., Duggan M. J., Quinn C. P., Shone C. C., and, Foster K. A., (2000a) A conjugate composed of nerve growth factor coupled to a non-toxic derivative of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A can inhibit neurotransmitter release in vitro. Growth Factors 18, 147-155.
    • (2000) Growth Factors , vol.18 , pp. 147-155
    • Chaddock, J.A.1    Purkiss, J.R.2    Duggan, M.J.3    Quinn, C.P.4    Shone, C.C.5    Foster, K.A.6
  • 12
    • 0034114106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of vesicular secretion in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells by a retargeted endopeptidase derivative of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A
    • Chaddock J. A., Purkiss J. R., Friis L. M., Broadbridge J. D., Duggan M. J., Fooks S. J., Shone C. C., Quinn C. P., and, Foster K. A., (2000b) Inhibition of vesicular secretion in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells by a retargeted endopeptidase derivative of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A. Infect. Immun. 68, 2587-2593.
    • (2000) Infect. Immun. , vol.68 , pp. 2587-2593
    • Chaddock, J.A.1    Purkiss, J.R.2    Friis, L.M.3    Broadbridge, J.D.4    Duggan, M.J.5    Fooks, S.J.6    Shone, C.C.7    Quinn, C.P.8    Foster, K.A.9
  • 13
    • 3242797402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retargeted clostridial endopeptidases: Inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmitter release in vitro, and antinociceptive activity in in vivo models of pain
    • Chaddock J. A., Purkiss J. R., Alexander F. C., et al,. (2004) Retargeted clostridial endopeptidases: inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmitter release in vitro, and antinociceptive activity in in vivo models of pain. Mov. Disord. 19 (Suppl 8), S42-S47.
    • (2004) Mov. Disord. , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. 8
    • Chaddock, J.A.1    Purkiss, J.R.2    Alexander, F.C.3
  • 14
    • 67249103849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering botulinum neurotoxin to extend therapeutic intervention
    • Chen S., and, Barbieri J. T., (2009) Engineering botulinum neurotoxin to extend therapeutic intervention. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 9180-9184.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 9180-9184
    • Chen, S.1    Barbieri, J.T.2
  • 15
    • 0026603409 scopus 로고
    • Pheochromocytoma
    • Cryer P. E., (1992) Pheochromocytoma. West. J. Med. 156, 399-407.
    • (1992) West. J. Med. , vol.156 , pp. 399-407
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 16
    • 78149272645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SNARE tagging allows stepwise assembly of a multimodular medicinal toxin
    • Darios F., Niranjan D., Ferrari E., et al,. (2010) SNARE tagging allows stepwise assembly of a multimodular medicinal toxin. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 18197-18201.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 18197-18201
    • Darios, F.1    Niranjan, D.2    Ferrari, E.3
  • 17
    • 22144452934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond BOTOX: Advantages and limitations of individual botulinum neurotoxins
    • Davletov B., Bajohrs M., and, Binz T., (2005) Beyond BOTOX: advantages and limitations of individual botulinum neurotoxins. Trends Neurosci. 28, 446-452.
    • (2005) Trends Neurosci. , vol.28 , pp. 446-452
    • Davletov, B.1    Bajohrs, M.2    Binz, T.3
  • 18
    • 84865767118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic neurotoxins: An expanding array of natural and modified molecules
    • Davletov B., Ferrari E., and, Ushkaryov Y., (2012) Presynaptic neurotoxins: An expanding array of natural and modified molecules. Cell Calcium 52, 234-240.
    • (2012) Cell Calcium , vol.52 , pp. 234-240
    • Davletov, B.1    Ferrari, E.2    Ushkaryov, Y.3
  • 19
    • 0030782182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant SNAP-25 is an effective substrate for Clostridium botulinum type A toxin endopeptidase activity in vitro
    • Ekong T. A., Feavers I. M., and, Sesardic D., (1997) Recombinant SNAP-25 is an effective substrate for Clostridium botulinum type A toxin endopeptidase activity in vitro. Microbiology 143 (Pt 10), 3337-3347.
    • (1997) Microbiology , vol.143 , Issue.PART 10 , pp. 3337-3347
    • Ekong, T.A.1    Feavers, I.M.2    Sesardic, D.3
  • 20
    • 0032430423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conserved structural features of the synaptic fusion complex: SNARE proteins reclassified as Q- and R-SNAREs
    • Fasshauer D., Sutton R. B., Brunger A. T., and, Jahn R., (1998) Conserved structural features of the synaptic fusion complex: SNARE proteins reclassified as Q- and R-SNAREs. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 15781-15786.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 15781-15786
    • Fasshauer, D.1    Sutton, R.B.2    Brunger, A.T.3    Jahn, R.4
  • 21
    • 43149098539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biological characterization of neuroendocrine tumors: The role of neuroendocrine markers
    • Ferolla P., Faggiano A., Mansueto G., et al,. (2008) The biological characterization of neuroendocrine tumors: the role of neuroendocrine markers. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 31, 277-286.
    • (2008) J. Endocrinol. Invest. , vol.31 , pp. 277-286
    • Ferolla, P.1    Faggiano, A.2    Mansueto, G.3
  • 24
    • 0030011859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic construction and properties of a diphtheria toxin-related substance P fusion protein: In vitro destruction of cells bearing substance P receptors
    • Fisher C. E., Sutherland J. A., Krause J. E., Murphy J. R., Leeman S. E., and, vanderSpek J. C., (1996) Genetic construction and properties of a diphtheria toxin-related substance P fusion protein: in vitro destruction of cells bearing substance P receptors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 7341-7345.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 7341-7345
    • Fisher, C.E.1    Sutherland, J.A.2    Krause, J.E.3    Murphy, J.R.4    Leeman, S.E.5    Vanderspek, J.C.6
  • 25
    • 17444423708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new wrinkle on pain relief: Re-engineering clostridial neurotoxins for analgesics
    • Foster K. A., (2005) A new wrinkle on pain relief: re-engineering clostridial neurotoxins for analgesics. Drug Discov. Today 10, 563-569.
    • (2005) Drug Discov. Today , vol.10 , pp. 563-569
    • Foster, K.A.1
  • 26
    • 79952097038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted secretion inhibitors-innovative protein therapeutics
    • Foster K., and, Chaddock J., (2010) Targeted secretion inhibitors-innovative protein therapeutics. Toxins (Basel) 2, 2795-2815.
    • (2010) Toxins (Basel) , vol.2 , pp. 2795-2815
    • Foster, K.1    Chaddock, J.2
  • 27
    • 33747194443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-engineering the target specificity of Clostridial neurotoxins - A route to novel therapeutics
    • Foster K. A., Adams E. J., Durose L., et al,. (2006) Re-engineering the target specificity of Clostridial neurotoxins-a route to novel therapeutics. Neurotox. Res. 9, 101-107.
    • (2006) Neurotox. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 101-107
    • Foster, K.A.1    Adams, E.J.2    Durose, L.3
  • 28
    • 79952167529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotoxins
    • in (Oldham R. K. and Dillman R. O. eds), Springer, Netherlands.
    • Frankel A. E., Woo J-H., and, Neville D. M,. (2009) Immunotoxins, in Principles of Cancer Biotherapy (, Oldham R. K., and, Dillman R. O,. eds), pp. 407-449. Springer, Netherlands.
    • (2009) Principles of Cancer Biotherapy , pp. 407-449
    • Frankel, A.E.1    Woo, J.-H.2    Neville, D.M.3
  • 29
  • 30
    • 6344266846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pheochromocytoma and myocardial infarction
    • Garg A., and, Banitt P. F., (2004) Pheochromocytoma and myocardial infarction. South. Med. J. 97, 981-984.
    • (2004) South. Med. J. , vol.97 , pp. 981-984
    • Garg, A.1    Banitt, P.F.2
  • 31
    • 66749185880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review: Prevalence and incidence of endocrine and metabolic disorders in the United States: A comprehensive review
    • Golden S. H., Robinson K. A., Saldanha I., Anton B., and, Ladenson P. W., (2009) Clinical review: Prevalence and incidence of endocrine and metabolic disorders in the United States: a comprehensive review. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 1853-1878.
    • (2009) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.94 , pp. 1853-1878
    • Golden, S.H.1    Robinson, K.A.2    Saldanha, I.3    Anton, B.4    Ladenson, P.W.5
  • 32
    • 80053897195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamin inhibition blocks botulinum neurotoxin type A endocytosis in neurons and delays botulism
    • Harper C. B., Martin S., Nguyen T. H., et al,. (2011) Dynamin inhibition blocks botulinum neurotoxin type A endocytosis in neurons and delays botulism. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 35966-35976.
    • (2011) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.286 , pp. 35966-35976
    • Harper, C.B.1    Martin, S.2    Nguyen, T.H.3
  • 34
    • 84857539130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetic testing in endocrinology - A practical guide
    • Kirmani S., (2012) Molecular genetic testing in endocrinology-a practical guide. Endocr. Pract. 18, 85-89.
    • (2012) Endocr. Pract. , vol.18 , pp. 85-89
    • Kirmani, S.1
  • 35
  • 37
    • 0028625751 scopus 로고
    • The neuroendocrine concept today
    • Langley K., (1994) The neuroendocrine concept today. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 733, 1-17.
    • (1994) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.733 , pp. 1-17
    • Langley, K.1
  • 38
    • 34447515570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pheochromocytoma underlying hypertension, stroke, and dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Lin P. C., Hsu J. T., Chung C. M., and, Chang S. T., (2007) Pheochromocytoma underlying hypertension, stroke, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Tex. Heart Inst. J. 34, 244-246.
    • (2007) Tex. Heart Inst. J. , vol.34 , pp. 244-246
    • Lin, P.C.1    Hsu, J.T.2    Chung, C.M.3    Chang, S.T.4
  • 40
    • 33645212684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synaptic vesicle protein 2C mediates the uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A into phrenic nerves
    • Mahrhold S., Rummel A., Bigalke H., Davletov B., and, Binz T., (2006) The synaptic vesicle protein 2C mediates the uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A into phrenic nerves. FEBS Lett. 580, 2011-2014.
    • (2006) FEBS Lett. , vol.580 , pp. 2011-2014
    • Mahrhold, S.1    Rummel, A.2    Bigalke, H.3    Davletov, B.4    Binz, T.5
  • 41
    • 1542674376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PC12 cells as a model for studies of regulated secretion in neuronal and endocrine cells
    • Martin T. F., and, Grishanin R. N., (2003) PC12 cells as a model for studies of regulated secretion in neuronal and endocrine cells. Methods Cell Biol. 71, 267-286.
    • (2003) Methods Cell Biol. , vol.71 , pp. 267-286
    • Martin, T.F.1    Grishanin, R.N.2
  • 42
    • 0037396608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of motor nerve terminal remodeling unveiled using SNARE-cleaving botulinum toxins: The extent and duration are dictated by the sites of SNAP-25 truncation
    • Meunier F. A., Lisk G., Sesardic D., and, Dolly J. O., (2003) Dynamics of motor nerve terminal remodeling unveiled using SNARE-cleaving botulinum toxins: the extent and duration are dictated by the sites of SNAP-25 truncation. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 22, 454-466.
    • (2003) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 454-466
    • Meunier, F.A.1    Lisk, G.2    Sesardic, D.3    Dolly, J.O.4
  • 44
    • 52749094901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microenvironmental determinants of adult neural stem cell proliferation and lineage commitment in the healthy and injured central nervous system
    • Moyse E., Segura S., Liard O., Mahaut S., and, Mechawar N., (2008) Microenvironmental determinants of adult neural stem cell proliferation and lineage commitment in the healthy and injured central nervous system. Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 3, 163-184.
    • (2008) Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther. , vol.3 , pp. 163-184
    • Moyse, E.1    Segura, S.2    Liard, O.3    Mahaut, S.4    Mechawar, N.5
  • 45
    • 13044305848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of chronic nociception by spinal neurons expressing the substance P receptor
    • Nichols M. L., Allen B. J., Rogers S. D., et al,. (1999) Transmission of chronic nociception by spinal neurons expressing the substance P receptor. Science 286, 1558-1561.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1558-1561
    • Nichols, M.L.1    Allen, B.J.2    Rogers, S.D.3
  • 47
    • 79952125748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards new uses of botulinum toxin as a novel therapeutic tool
    • Pickett A., and, Perrow K., (2011) Towards new uses of botulinum toxin as a novel therapeutic tool. Toxins (Basel) 3, 63-81.
    • (2011) Toxins (Basel) , vol.3 , pp. 63-81
    • Pickett, A.1    Perrow, K.2
  • 49
    • 0026535505 scopus 로고
    • Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system
    • Reynolds B. A., and, Weiss S., (1992) Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science 255, 1707-1710.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , pp. 1707-1710
    • Reynolds, B.A.1    Weiss, S.2
  • 50
    • 0027978582 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary neurotrophic factor: A review
    • Richardson P. M., (1994) Ciliary neurotrophic factor: a review. Pharmacol. Ther. 63, 187-198.
    • (1994) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.63 , pp. 187-198
    • Richardson, P.M.1
  • 53
    • 0026750151 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of calcium-dependent release of noradrenaline from PC12 cells by botulinum type-A neurotoxin. Long-term effects of the neurotoxin on intact cells
    • Shone C. C., and, Melling J., (1992) Inhibition of calcium-dependent release of noradrenaline from PC12 cells by botulinum type-A neurotoxin. Long-term effects of the neurotoxin on intact cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 207, 1009-1016.
    • (1992) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.207 , pp. 1009-1016
    • Shone, C.C.1    Melling, J.2
  • 55
    • 79957970893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel proteins: From fold to function
    • Smith B. A., and, Hecht M. H., (2011) Novel proteins: from fold to function. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 15, 421-426.
    • (2011) Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 421-426
    • Smith, B.A.1    Hecht, M.H.2
  • 56
    • 84865975652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A botulinum toxin-derived targeted secretion inhibitor downregulates the GH/IGF1 axis
    • Somm E., Bonnet N., Martinez A., et al,. (2012) A botulinum toxin-derived targeted secretion inhibitor downregulates the GH/IGF1 axis. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 3295-3306.
    • (2012) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.122 , pp. 3295-3306
    • Somm, E.1    Bonnet, N.2    Martinez, A.3
  • 57
    • 58849092285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane Fusion: Grappling with SNARE and SM Proteins
    • Südhof T. C., and, Rothman J. E., (2009) Membrane Fusion: Grappling with SNARE and SM Proteins. Science 323, 474-477.
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , pp. 474-477
    • Südhof, T.C.1    Rothman, J.E.2
  • 58
    • 3543096759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of a SNARE complex involved in synaptic exocytosis at 2.4 A resolution
    • Sutton R. B., Fasshauer D., Jahn R., and, Brunger A. T., (1998) Crystal structure of a SNARE complex involved in synaptic exocytosis at 2.4 A resolution. Nature 395, 347-353.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 347-353
    • Sutton, R.B.1    Fasshauer, D.2    Jahn, R.3    Brunger, A.T.4
  • 59
    • 41149129237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of regulated secretion using PC12 cells
    • Taupenot L,. (2007) Analysis of regulated secretion using PC12 cells. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 15, 1-13.
    • (2007) Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol , vol.15 , pp. 1-13
    • Taupenot, L.1
  • 60
    • 79951943486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microarray analysis of differentially regulated genes in human neuronal and epithelial cell lines upon exposure to type A botulinum neurotoxin
    • Thirunavukkarasusx N., Ghosal K. J., Kukreja R., Zhou Y., Dombkowski A., Cai S., and, Singh B. R., (2011) Microarray analysis of differentially regulated genes in human neuronal and epithelial cell lines upon exposure to type A botulinum neurotoxin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 405, 684-690.
    • (2011) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.405 , pp. 684-690
    • Thirunavukkarasusx, N.1    Ghosal, K.J.2    Kukreja, R.3    Zhou, Y.4    Dombkowski, A.5    Cai, S.6    Singh, B.R.7
  • 61
    • 84862265357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in medical therapies for Cushing's syndrome
    • Tritos N. A., and, Biller B. M., (2012) Advances in medical therapies for Cushing's syndrome. Discov. Med. 13, 171-179.
    • (2012) Discov. Med. , vol.13 , pp. 171-179
    • Tritos, N.A.1    Biller, B.M.2
  • 62
    • 0037031826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin A activity is dependent upon the presence of specific gangliosides in neuroblastoma cells expressing synaptotagmin i
    • Yowler B. C., Kensinger R. D., and, Schengrund C. L., (2002) Botulinum neurotoxin A activity is dependent upon the presence of specific gangliosides in neuroblastoma cells expressing synaptotagmin I. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 32815-32819.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 32815-32819
    • Yowler, B.C.1    Kensinger, R.D.2    Schengrund, C.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.