Narcissism in the workplace: Research, opinion and practice

Narcissism in the Workplace: Research, Opinion and Practice

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  DuBrin, Andrew J ^a  

^a ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84879702212     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4337/9781781001363     Document Type: Book

References (212)

1. This version of the story is based on Carter, Les (2005), Enough About You, Let's Talk About Me, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 3-4.
2. Soyer, Renate B., Janet L. Rovenpor, Richard E. Kopelman and P. J. Watson (2001), "Further Assessment of the Construct Validity of Four Measures of Narcissism: Replication and Extension," Journal of Psychology, 136 (3), 246.
3. Definitions two and three are from Marshall, Gordon, A Dictionary of Sociology (http:// www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1088-narcissism.html). See also Fenichel, Otto (1945), The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis, New York: W. W. Norton, p. 420.
4. Freud, Sigmund, "On Narcissism," in J. Strachey (ed.) (1957), The Standard Edition of the Complete Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 144, London: Hogarth Press, pp. 69-102. Original work published in 1914.
5. Ritala, Jean and Gerald Falkowski (2007), Narcissism in the Workplace, United States: Red Swan Publishing for IT Service Management Institute, p. 1.
6. "Narcissism," Answers.com, http://.answers.com/topic/narcissm (accessed November 10, 2010).
7. "Narcissism," Answers.com.
8. Freud, Sigmund, in Strachey (1957)
9. Bogart, L.M., E.G. Benotsch, and J.D. Pavlovic (2004), "Feeling Superior but Not Threatened: The Relations of Narcissism to Social Comparison," Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26, 35-44.
10. Soyer et al. (2001), p. 245.
11. Chatterjee, Arjit and Donald C. Hambrick (2007), "It's All About Me: Narcissistic CEOs and Their Effects on Company Strategy and Performance," Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 353.
12. Kaufman, Scott Barry (2011), "The Peacock Paradox," Psychology Today, 44 (4), 59
13. Bergman, Jacqueline Z., James W. Esterman and Joseph P. Daly (2010), "Narcissism in Management Education," Academy of Management Learning & Education, 9 (1), 119-20.
14. Leonard, Devin (2010), "The Last Pitchman," Bloomberg Business Week, June 14-20, pp. 4-5;
15. Barbara Kiviat (2008), "Steve Jobs," Time, May 12, p. 120.15.
16. Raskin, Robert and Howard Terry (1988), "A Principal-Components Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Further Evidence of Its Construct Validity," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 (5), 899
17. Raskin, Robert and C. S. Hall (1979), "A Narcissistic Personality Inventory," Psychological Reports, 44, 590;
18. "Narcissistic Personality Quiz," PsychCentral, htto://psychcentral.com/ cgi-bin/narcissisticquiz.cgi (accessed November 16, 2010).
19. Corry, Nida, Rebecca Davis Merritt, Sylvie Mrug, and Barbara Pamp (2008), "The Factor Structure of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory," Journal of Personality Assessment, 90 (6), 593-600
20. Behary, Wendy T. (2008), Disarming the Narcissist: Surviving & Thriving with the Self-Absorbed, Oakland, CA: New Harbinger, p. 17. Points two through six on the list are from the same source.
21. "Narcissism," Answers.com (www.answers.com/topic/narcissism), p. 15 (accessed November 20, 2010).
22. Twenge, Jean M. and W. Keith Campbell (2009), Living in the Age of Entitlement: The Narcissism Epidemic, New York: The Free Press, pp. 73-88.
23. Cited in "Narcissism," Answers.com, p. 11.
24. Bergman et al. (2000), p. 120. Manual (IV-TR), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
25. American Psychiatric Association (2000), "Personality Disorder," in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (IV-TR), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
26. The four deviations noted are from Ashmun, Joanna M., "What Is a Personality Disorder?" www.halycon.com/jmashmun/npd/dsm-iv.html, pp. 1-6 (accessed November 21, 2010). © 1998-2004.
27. The levels of impairment, but not the examples, are from Ashmun, "What Is a Personality Disorder?" p. 3.
28. Cited in "Psychologist Is Leader in Narcissism Research, Treatment," nePsy.com, www. masspsy.com/leading/0612_ne_qa.html, p. 2 (accessed December 2006).
29. "Psychologist Is Leader in Narcissism Research, Treatment," nePsy.com, p. 2.
30. The information and quotes are from Dingfelder, Sadie F. (2011), "Narcissisms and the DSM," Monitor on Psychology, February, p. 67.
31. The facts in this case are derived from Helyar, John and David Glovin (2010), "Like Candy from a Baby," Bloomberg Businessweek, June 21-7, pp. 78-83; Neumeister
32. Larry (2010), "Ken Starr Charged with Fraud, Hid In Coat Closet Before Arrest," www.huffingtonpost.com, May 27, pp. 1-3;
33. Weis, Murray, Lachlan Cartwright, and Bruce Golding (2010), "Manhattan Financial Adviser to Celebs Is Charged with Scamming Clients," New York Post, May 28, pp. 1-2.
34. Chatterjee, Arjit and Donald C. Hambrick (2007), "It's All About Me: Narcissistic CEOs and Their Effects on Company Strategy and Performance," Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 351-86.
35. Cited in Tugend, Alina (2010), "The Cost of Incivility Is More than Hurt Feelings." The New York Times (www.nytimes.com), November 19, p. 1. Some of the earlier supporting research is found in Pearson, Christine M. and Christine L. Porath (2005), "On the Nature, Consequences and Remedies of Workplace Incivility: No Time for 'Nice'? Think Again," Academy of Management Executive, February, pp. 7-30.
36. Quoted in Tugend (2010), p. 2.
37. This section is based on Twenge, Jean M. and W. Keith Campbell (2009), Living in the Age of Entitlement: The Narcissism Epidemic, New York: The Free Press, pp. 195-210.
38. Washington State Department of Labor & Industries (2008), "Workplace Bullying: What Everyone Needs to Know," Report prepared by the Safety & Health Assessment and Research for Prevention (SHARP) Program, Washington State Department of Labor & Industries, April, p. 1.
39. Kemelgor, B., L. Sussman, J. Kline, and Jozef Zurada (2007), "Who Are the Difficult Employees? Psychopathological Attributions of Their Co-Workers," Journal of Business & Economic Research, 5 (10), 47-61. The definition quoted appears on page 47.
40. American Psychiatric Association (1994), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, p. 659.
41. Quote extended and adapted from Sulkowicz, Kerry (2008), "Analyze This," Business Week, March 10, p. 19.
42. Dehnart, Andy (2004), "Pottery Store Wants Donald Trump to Stop Trying to Trademark 'You're Fired,' " Reality Blurred (www.realityblurred.com), March 31.
43. Kramer, Irwin R. (1998-2010), "Getting Trumped," Kramer's Law (www.kramerslaw.com).
44. Kramer, Irwin R. (2004), "The Donald's new Game of Trademark Monopoly," Kramer's Law (www.kramerslaw.com), March 29.
45. Dorgan, William J. III (2000), "Narcissus on the Job," Modern Machine Shop, September.
46. Dorgan (2000)
47. Judge, Timothy A., Jeffery A. LePine, and Bruce L. Rich (2006), "Loving Yourself Abundantly: Relationship of the Narcissistic Personality to Self- and Other Perceptions of Workplace Deviance, Leadership, and Task and Contextual Performance," Journal of Applied Psychology, 91 (4), 762-76.
48. Quoted in "Unrequited Love," Industrial Engineer, November 1, 2005
49. Perina, Kaja (2003), "You Say You Know it All: Duping Ourselves Into Overclaiming," Psychology Today, January-February
50. Williams, H. (2000), "Letter to the Editor," Harvard Business Review, March-April, p. 187.
51. Twenge and Campbell (2009), p. 235.
52. Twenge and Campbell (2009), p. 235.
53. Quoted in Schaefer Riley, Naomi (2009), "Work and Life - and Blogging the Balance," The Wall Street Journal, July 17, p. W11.
54. "Prima Donnas Cause More Conflict at Work; Ranks Rising Among Younger Workers," Newswise (www.newswise.com), April 27, 2009.
55. Harvey, Paul and Mark J. Martinko (2009), "An Empirical Examination of the Role of Attributions in Psychological Entitlement and Its Outcomes," Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30 (4), 459-76.
56. Anonymous (2003) "Create an Arsenal of Influence Strategies" Manager's Edge, March, p. 1 [staff written, no author attributed].
57. Carter, Les (2005), Enough About You, Let's Talk About Me, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 64-5. The bracketed information is original.
58. Harvey's advice is quoted in "Prima Donnas Cause More Conflict at Work; Ranks Rising Among Younger Workers," Newswise (www.newswise.com), April 27, 2009.
59. The facts in this case are from Tuna, Cari (2010), "Jury: SAP Owes Oracle $1.3 Billion," The Wall Street Journal, November 24, pp. B1;
60. Crum, Chris (2010), "Verdict: SAP to Pay Oracle $1.3 Billion: SAP Pays Big Time For Illegal Downloads," WebProNews (www.webpronews. com), November 24;
61. Hamm, Steve and Aaron Ricalda (2009), "Oracle Has Customers Over a Barrel," Business Week, September 21, pp. 52-5; Posted by Andrews, David (2010), Under The JD Edwards Advisor, "Iron Man Ellison," andrewseg.wordpress.com, May 11;
62. Ahmed, Mubbisher (2010), "Larry Ellison's (CEO Oracle) Management Style and CIOs," http:// mubbisherahmed.wordpress.com, November 24;
63. Carnevale, Chuck (2011), "Larry Ellison: Oracle's Profit Oracle," http://seekingalpah.com, October 6; "Larry Ellison: A Profile," BBC News: World Edition, http://news.bbc.co.uk (accessed February 10, 2000).
64. Adapted from Kirwan-Taylor, Helen (2001), "Are You Suffering from... Narcissism?" Management Today, October, p. 29.
65. Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 in this section are based on Bergman, Jacqueline Z., James W. Esterman, and Joseph P. Daly (2010), "Narcissism in Management Education," Academy of Management Learning & Education, March, pp. 119-20
66. Behary, Wendy T. (2008), Disarming the Narcissist: Surviving & Thriving with the Self-Absorbed, Oakland, CA: New Harbinger, pp. 14-16.
67. Carter, Les (2005), Enough About You, Let's Talk About Me, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 32-33.
68. Bergman et al. (2010), p. 120.
69. Branden, Nathaniel (1998), Self-Esteem at Work: How Confident People Make Powerful Companies, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
70. "Better Self-Esteem," www.utexas.edu/student/cmhc/booklets/selfesteem/selfest.html (accessed January 3, 2011).
71. Carter (2005), pp. 27-8.
72. Behary (2008), p. 15.
73. Quoted in Dingfeldler, Sadie (2011), "Reflecting on Narcissism: Are Young People More Self-Obsessed than Ever Before?" Monitor on Psychology, February, pp. 64-8.
74. Twenge, Jean M., Sara Konrath, Joshua D. Foster, W. Keith Campbell, and Brad J. Bushman (2008), "Egos Inflating Over Time: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory," Journal of Personality, 76 (4), 875-902.
75. Weiss Green, Elizabeth (2007), "It's All about Me." U.S. News & World Report, March 12.
76. Twenge, Jean M. (2006), Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled - and More Miserable than Ever Before, New York: The Free Press; Generation Me, www.generationme.org/aboutbook.html, 2006.
77. Hofstede, Geert (1980), Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; updated and expanded in "A Conversation with Geert Hofstede," Organizational Dynamics,21 (4), 1993, pp. 53-61;
78. Triandis, Harry (2004), "The Many Dimensions of Culture," Academy of Management Executive, February, pp. 88-93;
79. Manasour Javidan, Peter W. Dorfman, May Sully de Luque, and Robert J. House (2006), "In the Eye of the Beholder: Cross-Cultural Lessons in Leadership from Project GLOBE," Academy of Management Perspectives, February, pp. 69-70.
80. Lasch, Christopher (1979), The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations, New York: W. W. Norton, as cited in Bergman et al. (2010), p. 121.
81. Kirwan-Taylor, Helen (2004), "Are You Suffering from Acquired Situational Narcissism?" Management Today, March, p. 16.
82. Bernstein, Elizabeth (2009), "Misery Poker: It's One Game Worth Losing," The Wall Street Journal, June 16, pp. D1, D5.
83. Cited in Bernstein (2009), p. D5.
84. Cited in Bernstein (2009), p. D5.
85. Daly, Joe and Jim Westerman (2010), "The Rising Tide of Narcissism: What B-Schools Can Do," Bloomberg Businessweek, October 4, www.businessweek.com.
86. Research reported in Bergman et al. (2010), p. 120.
87. Hymowitz, Carol (2004), "Top Executives Chase Youthful Appearance, But Miss Real Issue," The Wall Street Journal, February 17. The observations of Hymowitz are still accurate today.
88. Lindquist, Courtney (2010), "Med Spa Treatments Become More Popular as Unemployment Rates Climb," PRWeb, www.prweb.com, May 6.
89. Quoted in Hymowitz (2004)
90. Montoya, Peter and Tim Vandehey (2005), The Brand Called You, Tustin, CA: Peter Montoya Publishing, pp. 11-12, 14.
91. Lair, Daniel J., Katie Sullivan, and George Cheney (2005), "Marketization and the Recasting of the Professional Self," Management Communication Quarterly, 18 (3), pp. 307-43.
92. Sills, Judith (2008), "Becoming Your Own Brand," Psychology Today, January/February, pp. 62-3.
93. The comments about narcissism in this section are original, and not attributed to Sills. 28
94. Hyatt, Josh (2010), "Building Your Brand (and Keeping Your Job)," Fortune, August 16, pp. 71, 72.
95. Hyatt (2010), pp. 71, 76.
96. Hyatt (2010), p. 76.
97. Kets de Vries, Manfred F.R. and Danny Miller (1985), "Narcissism and Leadership: An Object Relations Perspective," Human Relations, 38 (6), 583-601.
98. Rosenthal, Seth A. and Todd L. Pittinsky (2006), "Narcissistic Leadership," The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 617-33.
99. Kaufman, Scott Barry (2011), "The Paradox Peacock," Psychology Today, 44 (4), 60
100. Maccoby, Michael (2000), "Narcissistic Leaders: The Incredible Pros, the Inevitable Cons," Harvard Business Review, January-February, pp. 68-77.
101. Anonymous (2003), "Michael Maccoby Wants to Know Your Type," Across the Board, May/ June, pp. 13-14.
102. Benjamin M. Galvin, David A. Waldman, and Pierre Balthazard (2010), "Visionary Communication Qualities as Mediators of the Relationship between Narcissism and Attributions of Leader Charisma," Personnel Psychology, 63 (3), 509-37.
103. Resick, Christian J., Daniel S. Whitman, Steven M. Weingarden, and Nathan J. Hiller (2009), "The Bright-Side and the Dark-Side of CEO Personality: Examining Core Self-Evaluation, Narcissism, Transformational Leadership, and Strategic Influence," Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (6), 1365-81.
104. Judge, Timothy A., Jeffery A. LePine, and Bruce L. Rich (2006), "Loving Yourself Abundantly: Relationship of the Narcissistic Personality to Self- and Other Perceptions of Workplace Deviance, Leadership, and Task and Contextual Performance," Journal of Applied Psychology, 91 (4), 762-76.
105. Paunonen, Sampo V., Jan-Erik Lönnqvist, Markku Verkasalo, Sointu Leikas, and Vesa Nissinen (2006), "Narcissism and Emergent Leadership in Military Cadets," The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 475-86.
106. Conger, Jay A. and Rabindra N. Kanungo (1998), Charismatic Leadership in Organizations, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications).
107. Research reported in Dvorak, Phred, and Jaclyne Badal (2007), "This Is Your Brain on the Job," The Wall Street Journal, September 20, pp. B1, B6
108. Collins, Jim (2004), "Aligning Actions and Values," "Leader to Leader Institute, as reported in "Actions: Louder than Vision Statements," Executive Leadership, May, p. 8.
109. Lister, Eric D., Book Review of Michael Maccoby (2003), The Productive Narcissist: The Promise and Peril of Visionary Leadership, New York: Broadway Books.
110. Amenic, Joel H. and Russell J. Craig (2007), "Guidelines for CEO -Speak: Editing the Language of Corporate Leadership," Strategy & Leadership, 25 (3), 25-31.
111. Dattner, Benjamin (1999), "Who's the Fairest of Them All? The Impact of Narcissism on Self- and Other-Rated Fairness in the Workplace," Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Psychology, New York University, pp. 1-82.16.
112. Chatterjee, Arijit and Donald C. Hambrick (2007), "It's All About Me: Narcissistic CEO s and Their Effects on Company Strategy and Performance," Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 351-86.
113. King, Granville III (2005), "Narcissistic Leaders & Effective Crisis Management: A Review of Potential Problems and Pitfalls," Midwest Academy of Management Proceedings
114. DuBrin, Andrew J. (2010), Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills, 6th edition, Mason, Ohio: South-Western/Cengage, p. 158.
115. Baker Clark, Barbra (2001), "Leadership During a Crisis," Executive Leadership, December, p. 8.
116. DuBrin, Andrew J. (2012), Human Relations: Interpersonal, Job-Oriented Skills, 11th edition, Columbus, Ohio: Pearson/Prentice Hall, pp. 216-18.
117. A couple of ideas on the list are from "Nailing Down Your Vision: 8 Steps," Executive Leadership, May 2004, p. 8.
118. Rosenthal, Seth A. and Todd L. Pittinsky (2006), "Narcissistic Leadership," Leadership Quarterly, 26 (4), 638.
119. Rosenthal and Pittinsky (2006), pp. 620-622;
120. Maccoby, Michael (2004), "Narcissistic Leaders: The Incredible Pros, the Inevitable Cons," Harvard Business Review, 81 (1), pp. 103-4;
121. Downs, Alan (1997), Beyond the Looking Glass: Overcoming the Seductive Culture of Corporate Narcissism, New York: AMACOM;
122. Lubit, Roy (2002), "The Long-Term Organizational Impact of Destructively Narcissistic Managers," Academy of Management Executive, 16 (1), 127-38
123. Freifeld, Karen (2010), "Cuomo Sues Lehman Accountant," Bloomberg News, December 22
124. Maccoby (2004), p. 98.
125. Farzard, Roben (2008), "In Search of a Subprime Villain," Business Week, February 4, p. 077.
126. McClean, Bethany (2010) "How the Roof Fell In On Countrywide," Fortune, November 15, pp. 90, 98.
127. Excerpt from McLean, Bethany and Joe Nocera (2010), All the Devils Are Here: The Hidden History of the Financial Crisis, New York: Portfolio
128. "Understanding the Phenomenon of Narcissistic Supply," The Roadshow for Therapists, http://narcissisticbehavior.net, August 12, 2010.
129. Downs (1997)
130. Alexander, Chandra (2011), "What Is Narcissistic Supply?" Coachgirl.com, http://coachgirl. com (accessed January 4, 2011).
131. Hotchkiss, Sandy (2002), Why Is It Always about You? The Seven Deadly Sins of Narcissism, New York: The Free Press, p. 133.
132. Vaknin, Sam (2007), Malignant Self-Love: Narcissism Revisited, 8th edition, Republic of Macedonia: Lidiza Rangelovska Vaknin, 2007); "Narcissists, Narcissistic Supply, and Sources of Supply," http://samvak.tripod.com (accessed January 25, 2011).
133. Daily News staff writers (2009), "David Friehling, a CPA for Bernard Madoff, Charged with Securities Fraud, Surrenders to FBI," Daily News (NYDailyNews.com), March 18.
134. Quoted in Peter Lattman (2010), "2 Former Aides Indicted in Madoff Scheme," The New York Times Deal Book (http://dealbooknytimes.com), November 18. The facts about the two women Madoff associates are from the same source.
135. Ketsde Vries, Manfred (2008), "Narcissism in the C-Suite," Workforce Management, December 15, p. 8.
136. Sankowsky, Daniel (1995), "The Charismatic Leader as Narcissistic: Understanding the Abuse of Power," Organizational Dynamics, 24 (2), 57-71
137. Hotchkiss (2002), pp. 141-50
138. Ritala, Jean and Gerald Falkowski (2007), Narcissism in the Workplace, US: Red Swan Publishing for IT Service Management Institute, p. 1.
139. Chatterjee, Arijit and Donald C. Hambrick (2007), "It's All about Me: Narcissistic CEOs and Their Effects on Company Strategy and Performance," Administrative Science Quarterly, 52 (3), 351-86.
140. Higgs, Malcolm (2009), "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Leadership and Narcissism," Journal of Change Management, 9 (2), 170
141. Resick, Christian J., Daniel S. Whitman, Steven M. Weingarden, and Nathan J. Hiller (2009), "The Bright-Side and the Dark-Side of CEO Personality: Examining Core Self-Evaluation, Narcissism, Transformational Leadership, and Strategic Influence," Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (6), 1365-81.
142. Ritala and Falkowski (2007), p. 7.
143. Hoffman, Thomas (2009) "The 'It's All About Me' Syndrome," Computer World, August 4, p. 32.
144. Lubit (2002), pp. 127, 130.
145. Maccoby (2004), pp. 98-100.
146. Higgs (2009), p. 174.
147. Cited in "Nip Narcissism Before It Nips You," Executive Leadership, December 2010, p. 2.
148. Janove, Jathane (2007), "Jerks at Work," HR Magazine, 52 (5), 111
149. Brown, Nina (2002), Working with the Self-Absorbed: How to Handle Narcissistic Personalities on the Job, Oakland, California: New Harbinger, p. 31.
150. The first five on the list are from Lubit, Roy (2002), "The Long-Term Organizational Impact of Destructively Narcissistic Managers," Academy of Management Executive, 16 (1), pp. 128-9
151. Cited in Benton, Megan (2007), "Narcissism in the Workplace: How to Spot It and What to Do," December 17, www.mychurch.org/blog.
152. Vaknin, Sam (2009), "Narcissism FAQ # 82: The Narcissist in the Workplace," http://www. mental-health-matters.com, February 16, pp. 1-2.
153. Wesner, Bradley S. (2007), Responding to the Workplace Narcissist, Bloomington, Indiana: IUPUI Scholar Works (http://idea.iupui.edu).
154. Brown (2002), p. 35.
155. Behary, Wendy T. (2008), Disarming the Narcissist: Surviving & Thriving with the Self-Absorbed, Oakland, California: New Harbinger, pp. 111-30.
156. Carter, Les (2005), Enough About You, Let's Talk About Me, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 144, 146-54.
157. Carter (2005), p. 47.
158. Research reviewed by Wesner (2007), pp. 17-18.
159. Lubit, Roy (2004), "A Tyranny of Toxic Managers: Applying Emotional Intelligence to Deal with Difficult Personalities," Ivey Business Journal, March/April, pp. 3-4.
160. Lubit (2004), pp. 1-7.
161. Quoted in Mayer, John D. (2004), "Leading by Feel: Be Realistic," Harvard Business Review, 82 (1), 28.
162. Goleman, Daniel, Richard Boyatzis, and Annie McKee (2001), "Primal Leadership: The Hidden Driver of Great Performance," Harvard Business Review, 79 (12), 42-51
163. Goldberg, Elkhonon (2004), "Leading by Feel: Train the Gifted," Harvard Business Review, 82 (1), 31
164. Lubit (2004), pp. 6-7.
165. Vogel, Carl (2006), "A Field Guide to Narcissism" Psychology Today, 39 (1), 70
166. Lubit, Roy(2002), "The Long-Term Impact of Destructively Narcissist Managers," Academy of Management Executive, 16 (1), 136
167. Toegel, Ginka and Jay A. Conger (2003), "360-Degree Assessment: Time for Reinvention," Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2 (3), 297-311.
168. Hotchkiss, Sandy (2003), "Why is it Always About You?" The Seven Deadly Sins of Narcissism, New York: The Free Press, p. 155.
169. Monster Career Centre, www.monster.com (2002) "Managing Your Boss - How to Play Your Cards Right," vol. 4, p. 2.
170. Westphal, James D. and Ithai Stern (2007), "Flattery Will Get You Everywhere (Especially If You Are a Male Caucasian): How Ingratiation, Boardroom Behavior, and Demographic Minority Status Affect Additional Board Appointments at U.S. Companies," Academy of Management Journal, 50 (2), 267-88.
171. Goldsmith, Marshall (2003), "All of Us Are Stuck on Suck-Ups," Fast Company, December, p. 117.
172. Cited in Fisher, Anne (2002), "Ask Annie," Fortune, April 1, p. 171.
173. Sills, Judith (2008), "How to Improve Your Credit Rating," Psychology Today, 40 (2), 67
174. Quoted in Weiss, Tara(2008), "The Narcissistic CEO," Forbes.com (www.forbes.com), June 29, 2008.
175. Anonymous (2008), "How to Live with the S.O.B.," Business Week, August25/September 1, pp. 48-50.
176. Hilliard, Brian and James Palmer (2003), Networking Like a Pro, Atlanta, GA: Agito Consulting, p. 52.
177. Bergman, Jacqueline Z., James W. Esterman and Joseph P. Daly (2010), "Narcissism in Management Education," Academy of Management Learning & Education, 9 (1), 119-20.
178. Vogel, Carl (2006), "A Field Guide to Narcissism" Psychology Today, January/February, p.74.
179. Cited in Sandberg, Jared (2007), "I'm Not Really Late, I'm Just Indulging in Magical Thinking," The Wall Street Journal, November 13, p. B1.
180. Ritala, Jean and Gerald Falkowski (2007), Narcissism in the Workplace, US: Red Swan Publishing for IT Service Management Institute, p. 45.
181. Duchon, Dennis and Michael Burns (2008), "Organizational Narcissism," Organizational Dynamics, 37 (4), 354-63
182. Advertisement appearing in Bloomberg Business Week, December 20, 2010-January 2, 2011, p. 13 (www.patrongift.com).
183. Many of the ideas in this list are from Duchon and Burns (2008), pp. 354-63; Ritala and Falkowski (2007), pp. 29-31.
184. E ichenwald, Kurt (2005), Conspiracy of Fools: A True Story, New York: Broadway Books, as quoted in Duchon and Burns (2008), pp. 357-8.
185. Schmincke, Don (2009), "Climb Higher," HR Magazine, 54 (6), p. 122.
186. The information about GM is based mostly on Taylor, Alex III (2008), "GM and Me," Fortune, December 8, pp. 92-100.
187. Some of the information in this list is an extension of Bergman et al. (2010), pp. 125-8.
188. Brown, Nina (2002), Working with the Self-Absorbed, Oakland, CA: New Harbinger, pp. 116-18.
189. Brown (2002), p. 118.
190. Ritala and Falkowski (2007), p. 48.
191. "Coaching - One Solution to a Tight Training Budget," HRfocus, August 2002, p. 7.
192. "Request Permission to Coach," Manager's Edge, June 2003, p. 5.
193. "Fast Tips for Savvy Managers," Executive Strategies, April 1998, p. 1.
194. Bergman et al. (2010), p. 128.
195. Brown, Val (2010), "Narcissism, Key Ingredient in Success of Social Media," www.huffingtonpost. com, November 4.
196. Twenge, Jean M. and W. Keith Campbell (2009), The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in an Age of Entitlement, New York: The Free Press, p. 111.
197. Quote and survey results are from Van Grove, Jennifer (2009), "Study: Social Media is For Narcissists," http://mashable.com, July 25.
198. Buffardi, Laura E. and W. Keith Campbell (2008), "Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, July, pp. 1303-13.
199. Hananel, Sam (2010), "Facebook Posting Leads to Firing, Legal Dispute," The Associated Press, November 10;
200. Trottman, Melanie, (2011), "Facebook Firing Case Is Settled," The Wall Street Journal, February 8, p. B3.
201. Cited in Chickowski, Ericka (2010), "Beware the Bitter Twitter," Entrepreneur, September, p. 48.
202. Lee, Louise (2009), "Cell? Well... Use Your Phone for Good, Not Evil," Business Week Small Biz, February/March, p. 22.
203. Many of the ideas in this list are based on the following sources: Lee (2009), p. 22;
204. Hatcher, Cathrine (2007), "11 Rules For Good Cell Phone Etiquette," http://cbs1tv.com, December 30.
205. Quoted in Rosen, Christine (2004), "Our Cell Phones, Ourselves," The New Atlantis, Summer 2004, p. 31
206. Novotney, Amy (2009), "Dangerous Distractions," Monitor on Psychology, 40 (2), 32-6
207. Jones, Sandra M. (2011), "Being Interviewed for a Job? Don't Answer Your Cellphone," Los Angeles Times (www.latimes.com), January 16.
208. Brady, Diane (2010), "Social Media's New Mantra: Location, Location, Location," Bloomberg Business Week, May 10-16, pp. 34-6;
209. Fletcher, Dan (2011), "Mayoral Runs," Time, September 8, pp. 49-50; "Be There or Be Square: The Rise of Location-Based Social Networking," Knowledge@Wharton (http://knowledge.wharton.penn.edu), April 14, 2010.
210. Back, Mita D., Stefan C. Schmukle, and Boris Egloff (2008), "How Extraverted is Honey. Bunny77@Hotmail.de? Inferring Personality from Email Addresses," Journal of Research in Personality, 42 (4), 1116-22;
211. Levisohn, Ben (2008), "Your Email Address is Blabbing On You," Business Week, September 8, p. 014.
212. Gallagher, Erin Colleen (2009), "Narcissism and Forgiveness as Moderators of Organizational Justice and Workplace Counterproductive Computer Use," ProQuest Dissertation & Theses (http://gradworks.umicom), August.