메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 479-486

Intra-carotid cold magnesium sulfate infusion induces selective cerebral hypothermia and neuroprotection in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion

Author keywords

Cerebral ischemia; Combination therapy; Hypothermia; Intra carotid administration; Magnesium; Neuroprotection

Indexed keywords

COLD MAGNESIUM SULFATE; COLD SODIUM CHLORIDE; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; SODIUM CHLORIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84879686888     PISSN: 15901874     EISSN: 15903478     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1064-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (38)
  • 1
    • 0033199996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: An integrated view
    • 10441299 10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01401-0 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlsVygtrk%3D
    • Dirnagl U, Iadecola C, Moskowitz MA (1999) Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view. Trends Neurosci 22:391-397
    • (1999) Trends Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 391-397
    • Dirnagl, U.1    Iadecola, C.2    Moskowitz, M.A.3
  • 2
    • 77953154351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic hypothermia for acute ischemic stroke: Ready to start large randomized trials?
    • 20354545 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.44
    • van der Worp HB, Macleod MR, Kollmar R (2010) Therapeutic hypothermia for acute ischemic stroke: ready to start large randomized trials? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 30:1079-1093
    • (2010) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.30 , pp. 1079-1093
    • Van Der Worp, H.B.1    Macleod, M.R.2    Kollmar, R.3
  • 3
    • 0027735370 scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia as a potential treatment for cerebral ischemia
    • 8110595 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7ltlOgtQ%3D%3D
    • Maher J, Hachinski V (1993) Hypothermia as a potential treatment for cerebral ischemia. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 5:277-300
    • (1993) Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev , vol.5 , pp. 277-300
    • Maher, J.1    Hachinski, V.2
  • 4
    • 36249003722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General versus specific actions of mild-moderate hypothermia in attenuating cerebral ischemic damage
    • 17684517 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600540 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlWqurrK
    • Zhao H, Steinberg GK, Sapolsky RM (2007) General versus specific actions of mild-moderate hypothermia in attenuating cerebral ischemic damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 27:1879-1894
    • (2007) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.27 , pp. 1879-1894
    • Zhao, H.1    Steinberg, G.K.2    Sapolsky, R.M.3
  • 5
    • 0033821072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility and safety of inducing modest hypothermia in awake patients with acute stroke through surface cooling: A case-control study: The Copenhagen stroke study
    • 10978060 10.1161/01.STR.31.9.2251 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvpsVCnsQ%3D%3D
    • Kammersgaard LP, Rasmussen BH, Jorgensen HS, Reith J, Weber U, Olsen TS (2000) Feasibility and safety of inducing modest hypothermia in awake patients with acute stroke through surface cooling: a case-control study: the Copenhagen stroke study. Stroke 31:2251-2256
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 2251-2256
    • Kammersgaard, L.P.1    Rasmussen, B.H.2    Jorgensen, H.S.3    Reith, J.4    Weber, U.5    Olsen, T.S.6
  • 6
    • 0031756859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe middle cerebral artery infarction
    • 9836751 10.1161/01.STR.29.12.2461 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FlsFKitA%3D%3D
    • Schwab S, Schwarz S, Spranger M, Keller E, Bertram M, Hacke W (1998) Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 29:2461-2466
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 2461-2466
    • Schwab, S.1    Schwarz, S.2    Spranger, M.3    Keller, E.4    Bertram, M.5    Hacke, W.6
  • 7
    • 0034835309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction
    • 11546893 10.1161/hs0901.095394 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvpvVGlug%3D%3D
    • Schwab S, Georgiadis D, Berrouschot J, Schellinger PD, Graffagnino C, Mayer SA (2001) Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction. Stroke 32:2033-2035
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2033-2035
    • Schwab, S.1    Georgiadis, D.2    Berrouschot, J.3    Schellinger, P.D.4    Graffagnino, C.5    Mayer, S.A.6
  • 8
    • 0035172415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endovascular cooling for moderate hypothermia in patients with acute stroke: First results of a novel approach
    • 11692015 10.1161/hs1101.097382 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnktFegtA%3D%3D
    • Georgiadis D, Schwarz S, Kollmar R, Schwab S (2001) Endovascular cooling for moderate hypothermia in patients with acute stroke: first results of a novel approach. Stroke 32:2550-2553
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2550-2553
    • Georgiadis, D.1    Schwarz, S.2    Kollmar, R.3    Schwab, S.4
  • 9
    • 0031720126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain temperature and limits on transcranial cooling in humans: Quantitative modeling results
    • 9754976 10.1007/s004210050431 1:STN:280:DyaK1cvisF2ksw%3D%3D
    • Nelson DA, Nunneley SA (1998) Brain temperature and limits on transcranial cooling in humans: quantitative modeling results. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 78:353-359
    • (1998) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , vol.78 , pp. 353-359
    • Nelson, D.A.1    Nunneley, S.A.2
  • 10
    • 0032563641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of localized head cooling to reduce brain temperature in adult humans
    • 9760109 10.1097/00001756-199808240-00007 1:STN:280:DyaK1cvjtV2juw%3D%3D
    • Corbett RJ, Laptook AR (1998) Failure of localized head cooling to reduce brain temperature in adult humans. Neuroreport 9:2721-2725
    • (1998) Neuroreport , vol.9 , pp. 2721-2725
    • Corbett, R.J.1    Laptook, A.R.2
  • 13
    • 34147122763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretical model of selective cooling using intracarotid cold saline infusion in the human brain
    • 17170208 10.1152/japplphysiol.00805.2006
    • Konstas AA, Neimark MA, Laine AF, Pile-Spellman J (2007) A theoretical model of selective cooling using intracarotid cold saline infusion in the human brain. J Appl Physiol 102:1329-1340
    • (2007) J Appl Physiol , vol.102 , pp. 1329-1340
    • Konstas, A.A.1    Neimark, M.A.2    Laine, A.F.3    Pile-Spellman, J.4
  • 15
    • 35649005913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of jugular venous return and circle of Willis in a theoretical human model of selective brain cooling
    • 17761787 10.1152/japplphysiol.00542.2007
    • Neimark MA, Konstas AA, Laine AF, Pile-Spellman J (2007) Integration of jugular venous return and circle of Willis in a theoretical human model of selective brain cooling. J Appl Physiol 103:1837-1847
    • (2007) J Appl Physiol , vol.103 , pp. 1837-1847
    • Neimark, M.A.1    Konstas, A.A.2    Laine, A.F.3    Pile-Spellman, J.4
  • 16
    • 12144287056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local saline infusion into ischemic territory induces regional brain cooling and neuroprotection in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • 15046664 10.1227/01.NEU.0000114513.96704.29 (discussion 964-955)
    • Ding Y, Li J, Luan X, Lai Q, McAllister JP 2nd, Phillis JW, Clark JC, Guthikonda M, Diaz FG (2004) Local saline infusion into ischemic territory induces regional brain cooling and neuroprotection in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurosurgery 54:956-964 (discussion 964-955)
    • (2004) Neurosurgery , vol.54 , pp. 956-964
    • Ding, Y.1    Li, J.2    Luan, X.3    Lai, Q.4    McAllister II, J.P.5    Phillis, J.W.6    Clark, J.C.7    Guthikonda, M.8    Diaz, F.G.9
  • 17
    • 12544254452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term neuroprotection induced by regional brain cooling with saline infusion into ischemic territory in rats: A behavioral analysis
    • 15327759 10.1179/016164104225015903
    • Li J, Luan X, Lai Q, Clark JC, McAllister JP 2nd, Fessler R, Diaz FG, Ding Y (2004) Long-term neuroprotection induced by regional brain cooling with saline infusion into ischemic territory in rats: a behavioral analysis. Neurol Res 26:677-683
    • (2004) Neurol Res , vol.26 , pp. 677-683
    • Li, J.1    Luan, X.2    Lai, Q.3    Clark, J.C.4    McAllister II, J.P.5    Fessler, R.6    Diaz, F.G.7    Ding, Y.8
  • 18
    • 0033637255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged but delayed postischemic hypothermia: A long-term outcome study in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model
    • 11129786 10.1097/00004647-200012000-00009 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3M%2FntFKhsg%3D%3D
    • Colbourne F, Corbett D, Zhao Z, Yang J, Buchan AM (2000) Prolonged but delayed postischemic hypothermia: a long-term outcome study in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 20:1702-1708
    • (2000) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.20 , pp. 1702-1708
    • Colbourne, F.1    Corbett, D.2    Zhao, Z.3    Yang, J.4    Buchan, A.M.5
  • 19
    • 0033508013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indefatigable CA1 sector neuroprotection with mild hypothermia induced 6 hours after severe forebrain ischemia in rats
    • 10413028 10.1097/00004647-199907000-00003 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzjvFeksQ%3D%3D
    • Colbourne F, Li H, Buchan AM (1999) Indefatigable CA1 sector neuroprotection with mild hypothermia induced 6 hours after severe forebrain ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 19:742-749
    • (1999) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.19 , pp. 742-749
    • Colbourne, F.1    Li, H.2    Buchan, A.M.3
  • 20
    • 2442431643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia enhances the neuroprotective effects of FK506 and expands its therapeutic window following transient focal ischemia in rats
    • 15145754 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.031 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktVCltL4%3D
    • Nito C, Kamiya T, Ueda M, Arii T, Katayama Y (2004) Mild hypothermia enhances the neuroprotective effects of FK506 and expands its therapeutic window following transient focal ischemia in rats. Brain Res 1008:179-185
    • (2004) Brain Res , vol.1008 , pp. 179-185
    • Nito, C.1    Kamiya, T.2    Ueda, M.3    Arii, T.4    Katayama, Y.5
  • 21
    • 0029844856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting neuroprotective effect of postischemic hypothermia and treatment with an anti-inflammatory/antipyretic drug. Evidence for chronic encephalopathic processes following ischemia
    • 8784133 10.1161/01.STR.27.9.1578 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvVKntbg%3D
    • Coimbra C, Drake M, Boris-Moller F, Wieloch T (1996) Long-lasting neuroprotective effect of postischemic hypothermia and treatment with an anti-inflammatory/antipyretic drug. Evidence for chronic encephalopathic processes following ischemia. Stroke 27:1578-1585
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 1578-1585
    • Coimbra, C.1    Drake, M.2    Boris-Moller, F.3    Wieloch, T.4
  • 22
    • 0035666857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium for neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke: Rationale for use and evidence of effectiveness
    • 11735612 10.2165/00023210-200115120-00002 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XksFCrtA%3D%3D
    • Muir KW (2001) Magnesium for neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke: rationale for use and evidence of effectiveness. CNS Drugs 15:921-930
    • (2001) CNS Drugs , vol.15 , pp. 921-930
    • Muir, K.W.1
  • 23
    • 0029991515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia
    • 8683260 10.3171/jns.1996.85.1.0117 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XksFehtbc%3D
    • Marinov MB, Harbaugh KS, Hoopes PJ, Pikus HJ, Harbaugh RE (1996) Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 85:117-124
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 117-124
    • Marinov, M.B.1    Harbaugh, K.S.2    Hoopes, P.J.3    Pikus, H.J.4    Harbaugh, R.E.5
  • 24
    • 23144433440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed treatment with magnesium: Reduction of brain infarction and improvement of electrophysiological recovery following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats
    • 16028768 10.3171/jns.2005.102.6.1085 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtVShurg%3D
    • Lee EJ, Lee MY, Chang GL, Chen LH, Hu YL, Chen TY, Wu TS (2005) Delayed treatment with magnesium: reduction of brain infarction and improvement of electrophysiological recovery following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Neurosurg 102:1085-1093
    • (2005) J Neurosurg , vol.102 , pp. 1085-1093
    • Lee, E.J.1    Lee, M.Y.2    Chang, G.L.3    Chen, L.H.4    Hu, Y.L.5    Chen, T.Y.6    Wu, T.S.7
  • 25
    • 7044247812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of magnesium sulfate on blood-brain barrier disruption caused by intracarotid injection of hyperosmolar mannitol in rats
    • 15519365 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.012 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXptFKqtLw%3D
    • Kaya M, Gulturk S, Elmas I, Kalayci R, Arican N, Kocyildiz ZC, Kucuk M, Yorulmaz H, Sivas A (2004) The effects of magnesium sulfate on blood-brain barrier disruption caused by intracarotid injection of hyperosmolar mannitol in rats. Life Sci 76:201-212
    • (2004) Life Sci , vol.76 , pp. 201-212
    • Kaya, M.1    Gulturk, S.2    Elmas, I.3    Kalayci, R.4    Arican, N.5    Kocyildiz, Z.C.6    Kucuk, M.7    Yorulmaz, H.8    Sivas, A.9
  • 26
    • 54049085315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined magnesium and mild hypothermia (35 degrees C) treatment reduces infarct volumes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat at 2 and 4, but not 6 h
    • 18644354 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.110 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVKmu7vK
    • Campbell K, Meloni BP, Knuckey NW (2008) Combined magnesium and mild hypothermia (35 degrees C) treatment reduces infarct volumes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat at 2 and 4, but not 6 h. Brain Res 1230:258-264
    • (2008) Brain Res , vol.1230 , pp. 258-264
    • Campbell, K.1    Meloni, B.P.2    Knuckey, N.W.3
  • 27
    • 18144426793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-ischemic modest hypothermia (35 degrees C) combined with intravenous magnesium is more effective at reducing CA1 neuronal death than either treatment used alone following global cerebral ischemia in rats
    • 15869938 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.01.022 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjslKjur4%3D
    • Zhu H, Meloni BP, Bojarski C, Knuckey MW, Knuckey NW (2005) Post-ischemic modest hypothermia (35 degrees C) combined with intravenous magnesium is more effective at reducing CA1 neuronal death than either treatment used alone following global cerebral ischemia in rats. Exp Neurol 193:361-368
    • (2005) Exp Neurol , vol.193 , pp. 361-368
    • Zhu, H.1    Meloni, B.P.2    Bojarski, C.3    Knuckey, M.W.4    Knuckey, N.W.5
  • 28
    • 0024494427 scopus 로고
    • Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats
    • 2643202 10.1161/01.STR.20.1.84 1:STN:280:DyaL1M7gtFWhuw%3D%3D
    • Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S, Cummins R (1989) Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke 20:84-91
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 84-91
    • Longa, E.Z.1    Weinstein, P.R.2    Carlson, S.3    Cummins, R.4
  • 29
    • 0035167706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood reduces behavioral deficits after stroke in rats
    • 11692034 10.1161/hs1101.098367 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnktFemsw%3D%3D
    • Chen J, Sanberg PR, Li Y, Wang L, Lu M, Willing AE, Sanchez-Ramos J, Chopp M (2001) Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood reduces behavioral deficits after stroke in rats. Stroke 32:2682-2688
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2682-2688
    • Chen, J.1    Sanberg, P.R.2    Li, Y.3    Wang, L.4    Lu, M.5    Willing, A.E.6    Sanchez-Ramos, J.7    Chopp, M.8
  • 30
    • 0027519254 scopus 로고
    • Effect of brain edema on infarct volume in a focal cerebral ischemia model in rats
    • 8418534 10.1161/01.STR.24.1.117 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7hvVSkuw%3D%3D
    • Lin TN, He YY, Wu G, Khan M, Hsu CY (1993) Effect of brain edema on infarct volume in a focal cerebral ischemia model in rats. Stroke 24:117-121
    • (1993) Stroke , vol.24 , pp. 117-121
    • Lin, T.N.1    He, Y.Y.2    Wu, G.3    Khan, M.4    Hsu, C.Y.5
  • 31
    • 0024414674 scopus 로고
    • Effect of MCI-186 on brain edema in rats
    • 2505409 10.1161/01.STR.20.9.1236 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXls1OjtbY%3D
    • Nishi H, Watanabe T, Sakurai H, Yuki S, Ishibashi A (1989) Effect of MCI-186 on brain edema in rats. Stroke 20:1236-1240
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 1236-1240
    • Nishi, H.1    Watanabe, T.2    Sakurai, H.3    Yuki, S.4    Ishibashi, A.5
  • 32
    • 2942617065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate fails to reduce infarct volume following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats
    • 15196783 10.1016/j.neures.2004.04.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkvVKqsbg%3D
    • Zhu HD, Martin R, Meloni B, Oltvolgyi C, Moore S, Majda B, Knuckey N (2004) Magnesium sulfate fails to reduce infarct volume following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurosci Res 49:347-353
    • (2004) Neurosci Res , vol.49 , pp. 347-353
    • Zhu, H.D.1    Martin, R.2    Meloni, B.3    Oltvolgyi, C.4    Moore, S.5    Majda, B.6    Knuckey, N.7
  • 33
    • 0036792806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prereperfusion saline infusion into ischemic territory reduces inflammatory injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • 12364743 10.1161/01.STR.0000028237.15541.CC 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38Xntlanu70%3D
    • Ding Y, Li J, Rafols JA, Phillis JW, Diaz FG (2002) Prereperfusion saline infusion into ischemic territory reduces inflammatory injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 33:2492-2498
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 2492-2498
    • Ding, Y.1    Li, J.2    Rafols, J.A.3    Phillis, J.W.4    Diaz, F.G.5
  • 34
    • 0036119691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prereperfusion flushing of ischemic territory: A therapeutic study in which histological and behavioral assessments were used to measure ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats with stroke
    • 11838805 10.3171/jns.2002.96.2.0310
    • Ding Y, Yao B, Zhou Y, Park H, McAllister JP 2nd, Diaz FG (2002) Prereperfusion flushing of ischemic territory: a therapeutic study in which histological and behavioral assessments were used to measure ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats with stroke. J Neurosurg 96:310-319
    • (2002) J Neurosurg , vol.96 , pp. 310-319
    • Ding, Y.1    Yao, B.2    Zhou, Y.3    Park, H.4    McAllister II, J.P.5    Diaz, F.G.6
  • 35
    • 0023184074 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium as a regulatory cation: Criteria and evaluation
    • 3306178 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXisVWg
    • Grubbs RD, Maguire ME (1987) Magnesium as a regulatory cation: criteria and evaluation. Magnesium 6:113-127
    • (1987) Magnesium , vol.6 , pp. 113-127
    • Grubbs, R.D.1    Maguire, M.E.2
  • 36
    • 65549104192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice-cold saline for the induction of mild hypothermia in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A pilot study
    • 19182084 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.530410 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXkvVWmsLY%3D
    • Kollmar R, Schellinger PD, Steigleder T, Kohrmann M, Schwab S (2009) Ice-cold saline for the induction of mild hypothermia in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a pilot study. Stroke 40:1907-1909
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 1907-1909
    • Kollmar, R.1    Schellinger, P.D.2    Steigleder, T.3    Kohrmann, M.4    Schwab, S.5
  • 37
    • 0037221945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced hypothermia using large volume, ice-cold intravenous fluid in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A preliminary report
    • 12505732 10.1016/S0300-9572(02)00276-9
    • Bernard S, Buist M, Monteiro O, Smith K (2003) Induced hypothermia using large volume, ice-cold intravenous fluid in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a preliminary report. Resuscitation 56:9-13
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.56 , pp. 9-13
    • Bernard, S.1    Buist, M.2    Monteiro, O.3    Smith, K.4
  • 38
    • 29144499020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of hypothermia in patients with various types of neurologic injury with use of large volumes of ice-cold intravenous fluid
    • 16352954 10.1097/01.CCM.0000190427.88735.19
    • Polderman KH, Rijnsburger ER, Peerdeman SM, Girbes AR (2005) Induction of hypothermia in patients with various types of neurologic injury with use of large volumes of ice-cold intravenous fluid. Crit Care Med 33:2744-2751
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2744-2751
    • Polderman, K.H.1    Rijnsburger, E.R.2    Peerdeman, S.M.3    Girbes, A.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.