Epidemiological and clinical characterization following a first psychotic episode in major depressive disorder: Comparisons with schizophrenia and bipolar i disorder in the cavan-monaghan first episode psychosis study (CAMFEPS)

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 756-765

  Owoeye, Olabisi ^a,b   Kingston, Tara ^a,b   Scully, Paul J ^a,b   Baldwin, Patrizia ^a,b   Browne, David ^a,b   Kinsella, Anthony ^b   Russell, Vincent ^a,c   O'Callaghan, Eadbhard ^d   Waddington, John L ^a,b  

^a St Davnet's Hospital   (Ireland)

^b ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND   (Ireland)

^c BEAUMONT HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

^d DETECT   (Ireland)

Author keywords

bipolar disorder; diagnostic categories; major depressive disorder with psychotic features; psychopathological dimensions; psychotic illness; schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BIPOLAR I DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LIFESPAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MANIA; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEX DIFFERENCE;

EID: 84879406438     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: 17451701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt075     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Insel TR. Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature. 2010; 468: 187-193.
2. Kane JM, Cornblatt B, Correll CU, et al. The field of schizophrenia: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Schizophr Bull. 2012; 38: 1-4.
3. Nasrallah H, Tandon R, Keshavan M. Beyond the facts in schizophrenia: closing the gaps in diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2011; 20: 317-327.
4. Fischer BA, Carpenter WT Jr. Will the Kraepelinian dichotomy survive DSM-V? Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009; 34: 2081-2087.
5. Craddock N, Owen MJ. The Kraepelinian dichotomy - going, going... but still not gone. Br J Psychiatry. 2010; 196: 92-95.
6. Kendler KS, Jablensky A. Kraepelin's concept of psychiatric illness. Psychol Med. 2011; 41: 1119-1126.
7. Gaebel W. Status of psychotic disorders in ICD-11. Schizophr Bull. 2012; 38: 895-898.
8. Tandon R, Carpenter WT Jr. DSM-5 status of psychotic disorders: 1 year prepublication. Schizophr Bull. 2012; 38: 369-370.
9. van Os J, Kapur S. Schizophrenia. Lancet. 2009; 374: 635-645.
10. Linscott RJ, van Os J. Systematic reviews of categorical versus continuum models in psychosis: evidence for discontinuous subpopulations underlying a psychometric continuum. Implications for DSM-V, DSM-VI, and DSM-VII. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010; 6: 391-419.
11. Waddington JL, Hennessy RJ, O'Tuathaigh CMP, Owoeye O, Russell V. Schizophrenia and the lifetime trajectory of psychotic illness: developmental neuroscience and pathobiology, redux. In: Brown AS, Patterson PH, eds. The Origins of schizophrenia. New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 2012: 3-21.
12. Bora E, Yucel M, Pantelis C. Cognitive functioning in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and affective psychoses: meta-analytic study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009; 195: 475-482.
13. Ellison-Wright I, Bullmore E. Anatomy of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 2010; 117: 1-12.
14. Ivleva EI, Morris DW, Moates AF, Suppes T, Thaker GK, Tamminga CA. Genetics and intermediate phenotypes of the schizophrenia-bipolar disorder boundary. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010; 34: 897-921.
15. Sullivan PF, Daly MJ, O'Donovan M. Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications. Nat Rev Genet. 2012; 13: 537-551.
16. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn) (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
17. Swartz CM, Shorter E. Psychotic Depression. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
18. Waddington JL, Buckley PF. Psychotic depression: an underappreciated window to explore the dimensionality and pathobiology of psychosis. Schizophr Bull. This theme.
19. Fennig S, Bromet E, Jandorf L. Gender differences in clinical characteristics of first-admission psychotic depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1993; 150: 1734-1736. (Pubitemid 23325961)
20. Buckley PF, Miller BJ, Lehrer DS, Castle DJ. Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2009; 35: 383-402.
21. Forty L, Jones L, Jones I, et al. Is depression severity the sole cause of psychotic symptoms during an episode of unipolar major depression? A study both between and within subjects. J Affect Disord. 2009; 114: 103-109.
22. Souery D, Zaninotto L, Calati R, et al. Phenomenology of psychotic mood disorders: lifetime and major depressive episode features. J Affect Disord. 2011; 135: 241-250.
23. Ostergaard SD, Bille J, Soltoft-Jensen H, Lauge N, Bech P. The validity of the severity-psychosis hypothesis in depression. J Affect Disord. 2012; 140: 48-56.
24. Alvarez Ariza MA, Akvarez RM, Berrios GE. A review of the natural course of bipolar disorders (manic-depressive psychosis) in the pre-drug era. Review of studies prior to 1950. J Affect Disorders. 2009; 115: 293-301.
25. Zivanovic O, Nedic A. Kraepelin's concept of manicdepressive insanity: one hundred years later. J Affect Disord. 2012; 137: 15-24.
26. Kennedy N, Everitt B, Boydell J, Van Os J, Jones PB, Murray RM. Incidence and distribution of first-episode mania by age: results from a 35-year study. Psychol Med. 2005; 35: 855-863. (Pubitemid 40873385)
27. Savitz J, van der Merwe L, Stein DJ, Solms M, Ramesar R. Neuropsychological status of bipolar I disorder: impact of psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 2009; 194: 243-251.
28. Bora E, Yucel M, Pantelis C. Cognitive impairment in affective psychoses: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2010; 36: 112-125.
29. Cotton SM, Lambert M, Schimmelmann BG, et al. Depressive symptoms in first episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Schizophr Res. 2012; 134: 20-26.
30. Hafner H, an der Heiden W, Maurer K. Evidence for separate diseases?: Stages of one disease or different combinations of symptom dimensions? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008; 258(Suppl 2): 85-96. (Pubitemid 351758762)
31. Baldwin P, Browne D, Scully PJ, et al. Epidemiology of firstepisode psychosis: illustrating the challenges across diagnostic boundaries through the Cavan-Monaghan study at 8 years. Schizophr Bull. 2005; 31: 624-638. (Pubitemid 41253315)
32. Rosen C, Marvin R, Reilly JL, et al. Phenomenology of firstepisode psychosis in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar depression: a comparative analysis. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2012; 6: 145-151.
33. Zanelli J, Reichenberg A, Morgan K, et al. Specific and generalized neuropsychological deficits: a comparison of patients with various first-episode psychosis presentations. Am J Psychiatry. 2010; 167: 78-85.
34. Kingston T, Scully PJ, Browne DJ, et al. Diagnostic trajectory, interplay and convergence/divergence across all twelve DSM-IV psychotic diagnoses: six-year follow-up of the Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study (CAMFEPS). Psychol Med. In press.
35. Domschke K. Clinical and molecular genetics of psychotic depression. Schizophr Bull. This theme.
36. Busatto GF. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder with psychotic features: a critical review. Schizophr Bull. This theme.
37. Rothschild AJ. Challenges in the treatment of major depressive disorder with psychotic features. Schizophr Bull. This theme.
38. Central Statistics Office. Database Direct. Dublin, Ireland: Central Statistics Office; 2003. http: //www.cso.ie/census. Accessed May 15, 2013.
39. McCauley M, Rooney S, Clarke K, Carey T, Owens J. Homebased treatment in Monaghan: the first two years. Irish J Psychol Med. 2003; 20: 11-14. (Pubitemid 36337648)
40. Daly I, Walsh D, Moran R, O'Doherty YK. Activities of Irish Psychiatric Services 2003. Dublin, Ireland: Health Research Board; 2004.
41. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. New York, NY: Biometrics Research; 2002.
42. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987; 13: 261-276. (Pubitemid 18039085)
43. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state." A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975; 12: 189-198.
44. Nelson HE. National Reading Test (NART): Test Manual. Windsor: NFER-Nelson; 1982.
45. Royall DR, Mahurin RK, Gray KF. Bedside assessment of executive cognitive impairment: the executive interview. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992; 40: 1221-1226.
46. Buchanan RW, Heinrichs DW. The Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES): a structured instrument for the assessment of neurological signs in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1989; 27: 335-350. (Pubitemid 19096791)
47. Rossi A, De Cataldo S, Di Michele V, et al. Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1990; 157: 735-739. (Pubitemid 20360971)
48. Simpson GM, Angus JW. A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1970; 212: 11-19.
49. Guy W, ed. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology: Publication ADM 76-338. Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1976: 534-537.
50. Cannon-Spoor HE, Potkin SG, Wyatt RJ. Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1982; 8: 470-484.
51. Heinrichs DW, Hanlon TE, Carpenter WT Jr. The Quality of Life Scale: an instrument for rating the schizophrenic deficit syndrome. Schizophr Bull. 1984; 10: 388-398.
52. Lewine R, Burbach D, Meltzer HY. Effect of diagnostic criteria on the ratio of male to female schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1984; 141: 84-87. (Pubitemid 14218166)
53. Castle DJ, Wessely S, Murray RM. Sex and schizophrenia: effects of diagnostic stringency, and associations with and premorbid variables. Br J Psychiatry. 1993; 162: 658-664. (Pubitemid 23150999)
54. Aleman A, Kahn RS, Selten JP. Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia: evidence from meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003; 60: 565-571. (Pubitemid 36682313)
55. McGrath J, Saha S, Chant D, Welham J. Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiol Rev. 2008; 30: 67-76.
56. van der Werf M, Hanssen M, Kohler S, et al. Systematic review and collaborative recalculation of 133, 693 incident cases of schizophrenia. Psychol Med. In press.
57. Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Berghofer A, Bauer M. Bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2002; 359: 241-247. (Pubitemid 34113827)
58. Ortiz A, Bradler K, Slaney C, et al. An admixture analysis of the age at index episodes in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2011; 188: 34-39.
59. Salvatore P, Khalsa HM, Hennen J, et al. Psychopathology factors in first-episode affective and non-affective psychotic disorders. J Psychiatr Res. 2007; 41: 724-736. (Pubitemid 46659719)
60. Crebbin K, Mitford E, Paxton R, Turkington D. Firstepisode psychosis: an epidemiological survey comparing psychotic depression with schizophrenia. J Affect Disord. 2008; 105: 117-124. (Pubitemid 350236357)
61. Bromet EJ, Kotov R, Fochtmann LJ, et al. Diagnostic shifts during the decade following first admission for psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 2011; 168: 1186-1194.
62. Lyne J, O'Donoghue B, Owens E, et al. Prevalence of item level negative symptoms in first episode psychosis diagnoses. Schizophr Res. 2012; 135: 128-133.
63. Khandaker GM, Barnett JH, White IR, Jones PB. A quantitative meta-analysis of population-based studies of premorbid intelligence and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2011; 132: 220-227.
64. Sorensen HJ, Sabye D, Urfer-Parnas A, Mortensen EL, Parnas J. Premorbid intelligence and educational level in bipolar and unipolar disorders: a Danish draft board study. J Affect Disord. 2012; 136: 1188-1191.
65. Hill SK, Keshavan MS, Thase ME, Sweeney JA. Neuropsychological dysfunction in antipsychotic-naive first-episode unipolar psychotic depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2004; 161: 996-1003. (Pubitemid 38735985)
66. Lako IM, Bruggeman R, Knegtering H, et al. A systematic review of instruments to measure depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. J Affect Disord. 2012; 140: 38-47.
67. Kontaxakis VP, Havaki-Kontaxaki BJ, Stamouli SS, Margariti MM, Collias CT, Christodoulou GN. Comparison of four scales measuring depression in schizophrenic inpatients. Eur Psychiatry. 2000; 15: 274-277. (Pubitemid 30471406)
68. Schennach R, Obermeier M, Seemuller F, et al. Evaluating depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: a psychometric comparison of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Psychopathology. 2012; 45: 276-285.
69. Der-Avakian A, Markou A. The neurobiology of anhedonia and other reward-related deficits. Trends Neurosci. 2012; 35: 68-77.
70. Canuso CM, Bossie CA, Zhu Y, Youssef E, Dunner DL. Psychotic symptoms in patients with bipolar mania. J Affect Disord. 2008; 111: 164-169.
71. Chan RC, Xu T, Heinrichs RW, Yu Y, Wang Y. Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2010; 36: 1089-1104.
72. Whitty P, Clarke M, McTigue O, et al. Diagnostic specificity and predictors of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychoses over the first 4 years of illness. Schizophr Res. 2006; 86: 110-117. (Pubitemid 44234035)
73. Schmael C, Georgi A, Krumm B, et al. Premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia - an important aspect of phenotype definition. Schizophr Res. 2007; 92: 50-62. (Pubitemid 46561236)
74. Rietschel M, Georgi A, Schmael C, et al. Premorbid adjustment: a phenotype highlighting a distinction rather than an overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res. 2009; 110: 33-39.
75. Malla A, Payne J. First-episode psychosis: psychopathology, quality of life, and functional outcome. Schizophr Bull. 2005; 31: 650-671. (Pubitemid 41253317)
76. Saarni SI, Viertio S, Perala J, Koskinen S, Lonnqvist J, Suvisaari J. Quality of life of people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychotic disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2010; 197: 386-394.
77. Bora E, Yucel M, Pantelis C. Neurocognitive markers of psychosis in bipolar disorder: a meta-analytic study. J Affect Disord. 2010; 127: 1-9.
78. Simonsen C, Sundet K, Vaskinn A, et al. Neurocognitive dysfunction in bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorders depends on history of psychosis rather than diagnostic group. Schizophr Bull. 2011; 37: 73-83.
79. Whitty P, Clarke M, McTigue O, et al. Diagnostic stability four years after a first episode of psychosis. Psychiatr Serv. 2005; 56: 1084-1088. (Pubitemid 41266835)
80. Salvatore P, Baldessarini RJ, Tohen M, et al. McLean- Harvard International First-Episode Project: two-year stability of DSM-IV diagnoses in 500 first-episode psychotic disorder patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009; 70: 458-466.
81. Demjaha A, Morgan K, Morgan C, et al. Combining dimensional and categorical representation of psychosis: the way forward for DSM-V and ICD-11? Psychol Med. 2009; 39: 1943-1955.
82. Lage D, Egli S, Riedel M, Strauss A, Moller HJ. Combining the categorical and the dimensional perspective in a diagnostic map of psychotic disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011; 261: 3-10.