Application of blood-based biomarkers in human mild traumatic brain injury

Frontiers in Neurology

Volumn 4 MAY, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Di Battista, Alex P ^a   Rhind, Shawn G ^b   Baker, Andrew J ^a,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biological mechanisms; Chronic traumatic encephalopathy; Diagnostic markers; High throughput; Pathophysiology; Peripheral blood; Post concussion syndrome; Prognostic markers

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN; NEURON SPECIFIC ENOLASE; PROTEIN S100B; SPECTRIN BREAKDOWN PRODUCT 145; TAU PROTEIN; UBIQUITIN PROTEIN HYDROLASE 1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; BLOOD; BRAIN DISEASE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID EXAMINATION; CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DISEASE SEVERITY; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HUMAN; INNATE IMMUNITY; MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; NERVE CELL LESION; POSTCONCUSSION SYNDROME; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; REVIEW; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

EID: 84878967587     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16642295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00044     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Bazarian, J. J. J., Zemlan, F. P. F., Mookerjee, S. S., and Stigbrand, T. T. (2006). Serum S-100B and cleaved-tau are poor predictors of long-term outcome after mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 20, 759-765.
2. Beers, S. R., Berger, R. P., and Adelson, P. D. (2007). Neurocognitive outcome and serum biomarkers in inflicted versus non-inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children. J. Neurotrauma 24, 97-105.
3. Begaz, T., Kyriacou, D. N., Segal, J., and Bazarian, J. J. (2006). Serum biochemical markers for post-concussion syndrome in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 23, 1201-1210.
4. Berger, R. P., Pierce, M. C., Wisniewski, S. R., Adelson, P. D., Clark, R. S. B., Ruppel, R. A., et al. (2002). Neuron-specific enolase and S100B in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children. Pediatrics 109, E31.
5. Berger, R. P. R., Adelson, P. D. P., Pierce, M. C. M., Dulani, T. T., Cassidy, L. D. L., and Kochanek, P. M. P. (2005). Serum neuron-specific enolase, S100B, and myelin basic protein concentrations after inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury in children. J. Neurosurg. 103, 61-68.
6. Berger, R. P. R., Beers, S. R. S., Richichi, R. R., Wiesman, D. D., and Adelson, P. D. P. (2007). Serum biomarker concentrations and outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 24, 1793-1801.
7. Berger, R. P. R., Hayes, R. L. R., Richichi, R. R., Beers, S. R. S., and Wang, K. K. W. K. (2012). Serum concentrations of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 and αII-spectrin breakdown product 145 kDa correlate with outcome after pediatric TBI. J. Neurotrauma 29, 162-167.
8. Bettermann, K., and Slocomb, J. E. (2012). "Clinical relevance of biomarkers for traumatic brain injury," in Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury, eds S. Dambinova, R. L. Hayes, and K. K. W. Wang (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry), 1-18.
9. Biberthaler, P., Linsenmeier, U., Pfeifer, K.-J., Kroetz, M., Mussack, T., Kanz, K.-G., et al. (2006). Serum S-100B concentration provides additional information fot the indication of computed tomography in patients after minor head injury: a prospective multicenter study. Shock 25, 446-453.
10. Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. (2001). Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 69, 89-95.
11. Blaylock, R. L., and Maroon, J. (2011). Immunoexcitotoxicity as a central mechanism in chronic traumatic encephalopathy-A unifying hypothesis. Surg. Neurol. Int. 2, 107-107.
12. Brenner, L. A. (2011). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings in traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 13, 311-323.
13. Bruns, J. J. Jr., and Jagoda, A. S. (2009). Mild traumatic brain injury. Mt. Sinai J. Med. 76, 129-137.
14. Bulut, M., Koksal, O., Dogan, S., Bolca, N., Ozguc, H., Korfali, E., et al. (2006). Tau protein as a serum marker of brain damage in mild traumatic brain injury: preliminary results. Adv. Ther. 23, 12-22.
15. Cancelliere, C., Cassidy, J. D., Côté, P., Hincapié, C. A., Hartvigsen, J., Carroll, L. J., et al. (2012). Protocol for a systematic review of prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury: an update of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force findings. Syst. Rev. 1, 17.
16. Cederberg, D., and Siesjö, P. (2010). What has inflammation to do with traumatic brain injury? Childs Nerv. Syst. 26, 221-226.
17. Clark, R. S., Schiding, J. K., Kaczorowski, S. L., Marion, D. W., and Kochanek, P. M. (1994). Neutrophil accumulation after traumatic brain injury in rats: comparison of weight drop and controlled cortical impact models. J. Neurotrauma 11, 499-506.
18. Colantonio, D. A., and Chan, D. W. (2005). The clinical application of proteomics. Clin. Chim. Acta 357, 151-158.
19. Dash, P. K., Zhao, J., Hergenroeder, G., and Moore, A. N. (2010). Biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of treatment efficacy for traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics 7, 100-114.
20. de Kruijk, J. R., Leffers, P., Menheere, P., Meerhoff, S., and Twijnstra, A. (2001). S-100B and neuron-specific enolase in serum of mild traumatic brain injury patients A comparison with healthy controls. Acta Neurol. Scand. 103, 175-179.
21. Giacoppo, S., Bramanti, P., Barresi, M., Celi, D., Foti Cuzzola, V., Palella, E., et al. (2012). Predictive biomarkers of recovery in traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit. Care 16, 470-477.
22. Greenwald, B. D., Ambrose, A. F., and Armstrong, G. P. (2012). Mild brain injury. Rehabil. Res. Pract. 2012, 469-475.
23. Greve, M. W., and Zink, B. J. (2009). Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Mt. Sinai J. Med. 76, 97-104.
24. Guzel, A., Karasalihoglu, S., Aylanç, H., Temizöz, O., and Hiçdönmez, T. (2010). Validity of serum tau protein levels in pediatric patients with minor head trauma. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 28, 399-403.
25. Hyder, A. A., Wunderlich, C. A., Puvanachandra, P., Gururaj, G., and Kobusingye, O. C. (2007). The impact of traumatic brain injuries: a global perspective. NeuroRehabilitation 22, 341-353.
26. Ingebrigtsen, T., and Romner, B. (1996). Serial S-100 protein serum measurements related to early magnetic resonance imaging after minor head injury. Case report. J. Neurosurg. 85, 945-948.
27. Jaerve, A., and Müller, H. W. (2012). Chemokines in CNS injury and repair. Cell Tissue Res. 349, 229-248.
28. Jeter, C. B., Hergenroeder, G. W., Hylin, M. J., Redell, J. B., Moore, A. N., and Dash, P. K. (2012). Biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of mild traumatic brain injury/concussion. J. Neurotrauma. PMID:23062081. [Epub ahead of print].
29. Johnson, V. E., Stewart, W., and Smith, D. H. (2012). Axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury. Exp. Neurol. PMID:22285252. [Epub ahead of print].
30. Kan, E. M., Ling, E.-A., and Lu, J. (2012). Microenvironment changes in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Res. Bull. 87, 359-372.
31. Kelly, J. C., Amerson, E. H., and Barth, J. T. (2012). Mild traumatic brain injury: lessons learned from clinical, sports, and combat concussions. Rehabil. Res. Pract. 2012, 371970.
32. Kochanek, P. M., and Hallenbeck, J. M. (1992). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and stroke. Stroke 23, 1367-1379.
33. Laerum, O. D., and Farsund, T. (1981). Clinical application of flow cytometry: a review. Cytometry 2, 1-13.
34. Lakhan, S. E., and Kirchgessner, A. (2012). Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: the dangers of getting "dinged". SpringerPlus 1, 1-14.
35. Lenzlinger, P. M., Morganti-Kossmann, M. C., Laurer, H. L., and McIntosh, T. K. (2001). The duality of the inflammatory response to traumatic brain injury. Mol. Neurobiol. 24, 169-181.
36. Ma, M., Lindsell, C. J., Rosenberry, C. M., Shaw, G. J., and Zemlan, F. P. (2008). Serum cleaved tau does not predict postconcussion syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 26, 763-768.
37. Marklund, N., and Hillered, L. (2011). Animal modelling of traumatic brain injury in preclinical drug development: where do we go from here? Br. J. Pharmacol. 164, 1207-1229.
38. Marshall, K. R., Holland, S. L., Meyer, K. S., Martin, E. M., Wilmore, M., and Grimes, J. B. (2012). Mild traumatic brain injury screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Mil. Med. 177, 67-75.
39. McKee, A. C. A., Cantu, R. C. R., Nowinski, C. J. C., Hedley-Whyte, E. T. E., Gavett, B. E. B., Budson, A. E. A., et al. (2009). Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 68, 709-735.
40. Meric, E., Gunduz, A., Turedi, S., Cakir, E., and Yandi, M. (2010). The prognostic value of neuron-specific enolase in head trauma patients. J. Emerg. Med. 38, 297-301.
41. Metting, Z. Z., Wilczak, N. N., Rodiger, L. A. L., Schaaf, J. M. J., and van der Naalt, J. J. (2012). GFAP and S100B in the acute phase of mild traumatic brain injury. Neurology 78, 1428-1433.
42. Miller, G. (2011). The invisible wounds of war. Healing the brain, healing the mind. Science 333, 514-517.
43. Morganti-Kossmann, M. C., Satgunaseelan, L., Bye, N., and Kossmann, T. (2007). Modulation of immune response by head injury. Injury 38, 1392-1400.
44. Morochovic, R. R., Rácz, O. O., Kitka, M. M., Pingorová, S. S., Cibur, P. P., Tomková, D. D., et al. (2009). Serum S100B protein in early management of patients after mild traumatic brain injury. Eur. J. Neurol. 16, 1112-1117.
45. Moser, R. S., Iverson, G. L., Echemendia, R. J., Lovell, M. R., Schatz, P., Webbe, F. M., et al. (2007). Neuropsychological evaluation in the diagnosis and management of sports-related concussion. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 22, 909-916.
46. Naeimi, Z. S., Weinhofer, A., Sarahrudi, K., Heinz, T., and Vécsei, V. (2006). Predictive value of S-100B protein and neuron specific-enolase as markers of traumatic brain damage in clinical use. Brain Inj. 20, 463-468.
47. NIH. (1999). Consensus conference. Rehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Rehabilitation of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury. JAMA. 282, 974-983.
48. Nygren-de Boussard, C., Fredman, P., Lundin, A., Andersson, K., Edman, G., and Borg, J. (2004). S100 in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 18, 671-683.
49. Papa, L. (2012). "Exploring the role of biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury patients," in Proteomics - Human Diseases and Protein Functions, ed. T. K. Man (Rijeka: InTech), 89-106.
50. Papa, L., Lewis, L. M., Falk, J. L., Zhang, Z., Silvestri, S., Giordano, P., et al. (2012). Elevated levels of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein breakdown products in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury are associated with intracranial lesions and neurosurgical intervention. Ann. Emerg. Med. 59, 471-483.
51. Papa, L., Robinson, G., Oli, M., Pineda, J., Demery, J., Brophy, G., et al. (2008). Use of biomarkers for diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury patients. Expert Opin. Med. Diagn. 2, 937-945.
52. Pelinka, L. E., Hertz, H., Mauritz, W., Harada, N., Jafarmadar, M., Albrecht, M., et al. (2005). Nonspecific increase of systemic neuron-specific enolase after trauma: clinical and experimental findings. Shock 24, 119-123.
53. Pelinka, L. E. L., Kroepfl, A. A., Leixnering, M. M., Buchinger, W. W., Raabe, A. A., and Redl, H. H. (2004). GFAP versus S100B in serum after traumatic brain injury: relationship to brain damage and outcome. J. Neurotrauma 21, 1553-1561.
54. Persson, L., Hårdemark, H. G., Gustafsson, J., Rundström, G., Mendel-Hartvig, I., Esscher, T., et al. (1987). S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid and serum: markers of cell damage in human central nervous system. Stroke 18, 911-918.
55. Petzold, A. (2007). CSF biomarkers for improved prognostic accuracy in acute CNS disease. Neurol. Res. 29, 691-708.
56. Piazza, O., Storti, M. P., Cotena, S., Stoppa, F., Perrotta, D., Esposito, G., et al. (2007). S100B is not a reliable prognostic index in paediatric TBI. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 43, 258-264.
57. Rothermundt, M., Peters, M., Prehn, J. H. M., and Arolt, V. (2003). S100B in brain damage and neurodegeneration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60, 614-632.
58. Ruff, R. M., Iverson, G. L., Barth, J. T., Bush, S. S., Broshek, D. K., NAN Policy and Planning Committee. (2009). Recommendations for diagnosing a mild traumatic brain injury: a National Academy of Neuropsychology education paper. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 24, 3-10.
59. Ryu, W. H. A., Feinstein, A., Colantonio, A., Streiner, D. L., and Dawson, D. R. (2009). Early identification and incidence of mild TBI in Ontario. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 36, 429-435.
60. Schneiderman, A. I., Braver, E. R., and Kang, H. K. (2008). Understanding sequelae of injury mechanisms and mild traumatic brain injury incurred during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan: persistent postconcussive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Epidemiol. 167, 1446-1452.
61. Sharma, R., and Laskowitz, D. T. (2012). Biomarkers in traumatic brain injury. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 12, 560-569.
62. Shenton, M. E., Hamoda, H. M., Schneiderman, J. S., Bouix, S., Pasternak, O., Rathi, Y., et al. (2012). A review of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Imaging Behav. 6, 137-192.
63. Shively, S. B., and Perl, D. P. (2012). Traumatic brain injury, shell shock, and posttraumatic stress disorder in the military - past, present, and future. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 27, 234-239.
64. Small, G. W., Kepe, V., Siddarth, P., Ercoli, L. M., Merrill, D. A., Donoghue, N., et al. (2013). PET scanning of brain tau in retired National Football League players: preliminary findings. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 21, 138-144.
65. Topolovec-Vranic, J., Pollmann-Mudryj, M.-A., Ouchterlony, D., Klein, D., Spence, J., Romaschin, A., et al. (2011). The value of serum biomarkers in prediction models of outcome after mild traumatic brain injury. J. Trauma. 71, S478-S486.
66. Wang, K. K., Ottens, A. K., Liu, M. C., Lewis, S. B., Meegan, C., Oli, M. W., et al. (2005). Proteomic identification of biomarkers of traumatic brain injury. Expert Rev. Proteomics 2, 603-614.
67. Žurek, J., and Fedora, M. (2012). The usefulness of S100B, NSE, GFAP, NF-H, secretagogin and Hsp70 as a predictive biomarker of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 154, 93-103. discussion 103.