Clostridium difficile infection is associated with increased risk of death and prolonged hospitalization in children

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-8

  Sammons, Julia Shaklee ^a   Localio, Russell ^a   Xiao, Rui ^a   Coffin, Susan E ^a   Zaoutis, Theoklis ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA   (United States)

Author keywords

C. difficile infection; epidemiology; outcomes; pediatrics

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; DOBUTAMINE; DOPAMINE; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HYPERTENSIVE FACTOR; NORADRENALIN; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ASSISTED VENTILATION; CHILD; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCHOOL CHILD; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION;

C. DIFFICILE INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTCOMES; PEDIATRICS;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 84878893265     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: 15376591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit155     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Dubberke ER, Gerding DN, Classen D, et al. Strategies to prevent Clostridium difficile infections in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008; 29(suppl 1):S81-92.
2. Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31:431-55.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Severe. Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk-four states, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005; 54:1201-5.
4. Kim J, Smathers SA, Prasad P, Leckerman KH, Coffin S, Zaoutis T. Epidemiological features of Clostridium difficile-associated disease among inpatients at children's hospitals in the United States, 2001-2006. Pediatrics 2008; 122:1266-70.
5. Zilberberg MD, Shorr AF, Kollef MH. Increase in Clostridium difficilerelated hospitalizations among infants in the United States, 2000-2005. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27:1111-3.
6. Benson L, Song X, Campos J, Singh N. Changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in children. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007; 28:1233-5. (Pubitemid 47596560)
7. Zilberberg MD, Tillotson GS, McDonald C. Clostridium difficile infections among hospitalized children, United States, 1997-2006. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:604-9.
8. Nylund CM, Goudie A, Garza JM, Fairbrother G, Cohen MB. Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized children in the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011; 165:451-7.
9. Dubberke ER, Butler AM, Reske KA, et al. Attributable outcomes of endemic Clostridium difficile-associated disease in nonsurgical patients. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:1031-8. (Pubitemid 351920431)
10. Zilberberg MD, Nathanson BH, Sadigov S, Higgins TL, Kollef MH, Shorr AF. Epidemiology and outcomes of Clostridium difficile-associated disease among patients on prolonged acute mechanical ventilation. Chest 2009; 136:752-8.
11. Lawrence SJ, Puzniak LA, Shadel BN, Gillespie KN, Kollef MH, Mundy LM. Clostridium difficile in the intensive care unit: epidemiology, costs, and colonization pressure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007; 28:123-30. (Pubitemid 46374151)
12. Bajaj JS, Ananthakrishnan AN, Hafeezullah M, et al. Clostridium difficile is associated with poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis: a national and tertiary center perspective. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:106-13.
13. Kenneally C, Rosini JM, Skrupky LP, et al. Analysis of 30-day mortality for Clostridium difficile-associated disease in the ICU setting. Chest 2007; 132:418-24. (Pubitemid 47282371)
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital signs: preventing Clostridium difficile infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012; 61:157-62.
15. Pokorn M, Radsel A, Cizman M, et al. Severe Clostridium difficileassociated disease in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27:944-6.
16. Kim J, Shaklee JF, Smathers S, et al. Risk factors and outcomes associated with severe Clostridium difficile infection in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012; 31:134-8.
17. Toltzis P, Kim J, Dul M, Zoltanski J, Smathers S, Zaoutis T. Presence of the epidemic North American pulsed field type 1 Clostridium difficile strain in hospitalized children. J Pediatr 2009; 154:607-8.
18. Angel CA, Green J, Swischuk L, Patel J. Severe ciprofloxacin-associated pseudomembranous colitis in an eight-year-old child. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39:1590-2. (Pubitemid 39349753)
19. Shaklee J, Zerr DM, Elward A, et al. Improving surveillance for pediatric Clostridium difficile infection: derivation and validation of an accurate case-finding tool. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30:e38-40.
20. Feudtner C, Christakis DA, Zimmerman FJ, Muldoon JH, Neff JM, Koepsell TD. Characteristics of deaths occurring in children's hospitals: implications for supportive care services. Pediatrics 2002; 109:887-93. (Pubitemid 34493357)
21. Rosenbaum PR. Reducing bias in observational studies using subclassification on the propensity score. J Am Stat Assoc 1984; 79:516-24.
22. Keren R, Luan X, Localio R, et al. Prioritization of Comparative Effectiveness Research Topics in Hospital. Pediatrics Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012; 166:1155-64.
23. Bobo LD, Dubberke ER, Kollef M. Clostridium difficile in the ICU: the struggle continues. Chest 2011; 140:1643-53.
24. Dubberke ER, Olsen MA. Burden of Clostridium difficile on the healthcare system. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55(suppl 2):S88-92.
25. Khanna S, Pardi DS, Aronson SL, Kammer PP, Baddour LM. Outcomes in community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:613-8.
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance for community-associated Clostridium difficile-Connecticut, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008; 57:340-3.
27. Baker SS, Faden H, Sayej W, Patel R, Baker RD. Increasing incidence of community-associated atypical Clostridium difficile disease in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2010; 49:644-7.
28. Khanna S, Pardi DS. The growing incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection in inpatient and outpatient settings. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 4:409-16.
29. Wilcox MH, Mooney L, Bendall R, Settle CD, Fawley WN. A casecontrol study of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:388-96. (Pubitemid 351984787)
30. Kutty PK,Woods CW, Sena AC, et al. Risk factors for and estimated incidence of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection, North Carolina, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:197-204.
31. Rousseau C, Poilane I, De Pontual L, Maherault AC, Le Monnier A, Collignon A. Clostridium difficile carriage in healthy infants in the community: a potential reservoir for pathogenic strains. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:1209-15.
32. Denno DM, Shaikh N, Stapp JR, et al. Diarrhea etiology in a pediatric emergency department: a case control study. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:897-904.