On the importance of global cardiovascular risk assessment in people with type 2 diabetes

Primary Care Diabetes

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 95-102

  Echouffo Tcheugui, Justin B ^a   Kengne, Andre P ^b,c,d  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b GEORGE INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL HEALTH   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular; Diabetes; Global risk estimation

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLEEDING; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG USE; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART INFARCTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC); SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DECISION SUPPORT TECHNIQUES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; HUMANS; PATIENT SELECTION; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84878824197     PISSN: 17519918     EISSN: 18780210     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2013.03.002     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. K. Gu, C.C. Cowie, and M.I. Harris Mortality in adults with and without diabetes in a national cohort of the U.S. population, 1971-1993 Diabetes Care 21 1998 1138 1145
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Diabetes Fact Sheet: National Estimates and General Information on Diabetes and Prediabetes in the United States 2010
3. R.J. Thomas, P.J. Palumbo, and L.J. Melton III Trends in the mortality burden associated with diabetes mellitus: a population-based study in Rochester, Minn, 1970-1994 Archives of Internal Medicine 163 2003 445 451
4. G.L. Booth, M.K. Kapral, K. Fung, and J.V. Tu Recent trends in cardiovascular complications among men and women with and without diabetes Diabetes Care 29 2006 32 37
5. K. Gu, C.C. Cowie, and M.I. Harris Diabetes and decline in heart disease mortality in US adults Journal of the American Medical Association 281 1999 1291 1297
6. C.S. Fox, S. Coady, and P.D. Sorlie Increasing cardiovascular disease burden due to diabetes mellitus: the Framingham heart study Circulation 115 2007 1544 1550
7. C.S. Fox, S. Coady, and P.D. Sorlie Trends in cardiovascular complications of diabetes Journal of the American Medical Association 292 2004 2495 2499
8. S.M. Haffner, S. Lehto, and T. Ronnemaa Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction The New England Journal of Medicine 339 1998 229 234
9. H.M. Colhoun, D.J. Betteridge, and P.N. Durrington Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet 364 2004 685 696
10. R. Collins, J. Armitage, and S. Parish MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet 361 2003 2005 2016
11. U. Bulugahapitiya, S. Siyambalapitiya, J. Sithole, and I. Idris Is diabetes a coronary risk equivalent? Systematic review and meta-analysis Diabetic Medicine 26 2009 142 148
12. P. Gaede, P. Vedel, and N. Larsen Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes The New England Journal of Medicine 348 2003 383 393
13. P. Gaede, H. Lund-Andersen, H.H. Parving, and O. Pedersen Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes The New England Journal of Medicine 358 2008 580 591
14. T.J. Orchard, and T. Costacou When are type 1 diabetic patients at risk for cardiovascular disease? Current Diabetes Reports 10 2010 48 54
15. P. Chamnan, R.K. Simmons, and S.J. Sharp Cardiovascular risk assessment scores for people with diabetes: a systematic review Diabetologia 52 2009 2001 2014
16. S. van Dieren, J.W. Beulens, and A.P. Kengne Prediction models for the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review Heart 98 2012 360 369
17. J. Costa, M. Borges, C. David, A. Vaz, and Carneiro Efficacy of lipid lowering drug treatment for diabetic and non-diabetic patients: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials British Medical Journal 332 2006 1115 1124
18. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group The New England Journal of Medicine 329 1993 977 986
19. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group Lancet 352 1998 854 865
20. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group Lancet 352 1998 837 853
21. A.P. Kengne, A. Patel, and S. Colagiuri The Framingham and UKPDS risk equations do not reliably estimate the probability of cardiovascular events in a large ethnically diverse sample of patients with diabetes: the action in diabetes and vascular disease: preterax and diamicron-MR controlled evaluation (ADVANCE) study Diabetologia 53 2010 821 831
22. P. Pajunen, H. Koukkunen, and M. Ketonen Myocardial infarction in diabetic and non-diabetic persons with and without prior myocardial infarction: the FINAMI Study Diabetologia 48 2005 2519 2524
23. S. Natarajan, Y. Liao, and G. Cao Sex differences in risk for coronary heart disease mortality associated with diabetes and established coronary heart disease Archives of Internal Medicine 163 2003 1735 1740
24. S. Natarajan, Y. Liao, and D. Sinha Sex differences in the effect of diabetes duration on coronary heart disease mortality Archives of Internal Medicine 165 2005 430 435
25. F.B. Hu, M.J. Stampfer, and C.G. Solomon The impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality from all causes and coronary heart disease in women: 20 years of follow-up Archives of Internal Medicine 161 2001 1717 1723
26. J.M. Evans, J. Wang, and A.D. Morris Comparison of cardiovascular risk between patients with type 2 diabetes and those who had had a myocardial infarction: cross sectional and cohort studies British Medical Journal 324 2002 939 942
27. P.A. Lotufo, J.M. Gaziano, and C.U. Chae Diabetes and all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality among US male physicians Archives of Internal Medicine 161 2001 242 247
28. O. Vaccaro, L.E. Eberly, and J.D. Neaton Impact of diabetes and previous myocardial infarction on long-term survival: 25-year mortality follow-up of primary screenees of the multiple risk factor intervention trial Archives of Internal Medicine 164 2004 1438 1443
29. G. Hu, P. Jousilahti, and Q. Qiao Sex differences in cardiovascular and total mortality among diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with or without history of myocardial infarction Diabetologia 48 2005 856 861
30. J.M. Gonzalez-Clemente, S. Palma, and J. Arroyo Is diabetes mellitus a coronary heart disease equivalent? Results of a meta-analysis of prospective studies Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 60 2007 1167 1176
31. B.V. Howard, L.G. Best, and J.M. Galloway Coronary heart disease risk equivalence in diabetes depends on concomitant risk factors Diabetes Care 29 2006 391 397
32. N. Sattar, D. Preiss, and H.M. Murray Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials Lancet 375 2010 735 742
33. D. Preiss, S.R. Seshasai, and P. Welsh Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis Journal of the American Medical Association 305 2011 2556 2564
34. A.L. Culver, I.S. Ockene, and R. Balasubramanian Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the women's health initiative Archives of Internal Medicine 172 2012 144 152
35. H. Ogawa, M. Nakayama, and T. Morimoto Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of atherosclerotic events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial Journal of the American Medical Association 300 2008 2134 2141
36. J. Belch, A. MacCuish, and I. Campbell The prevention of progression of arterial disease and diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease British Medical Journal 337 2008 a1840
37. Aspirin effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study report 14. ETDRS investigators Journal of the American Medical Association 268 1992 1292 1300
38. C. Baigent, L. Blackwell, and R. Collins Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials Lancet 373 2009 1849 1860
39. G. De Berardis, M. Sacco, and G.F. Strippoli Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials British Medical Journal 339 2009 b4531
40. C. Zhang, A. Sun, and P. Zhang Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 87 2010 211 218
41. M. Pignone, M.J. Alberts, and J.A. Colwell Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, a scientific statement of the American Heart Association, and an expert consensus document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Circulation 121 2010 2694 2701
42. S.R. Seshasai, S. Wijesuriya, and R. Sivakumaran Effect of aspirin on vascular and nonvascular outcomes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Archives of Internal Medicine 172 2012 209 216
43. D.M. Lloyd-Jones Cardiovascular risk prediction: basic concepts, current status, and future directions Circulation 121 2010 1768 1777
44. K. Moons, A.P. Kengne, and M. Woodward Risk prediction models: I development, internal validation, and assessing the incremental value of a new (bio)marker Heart 98 2012 683 690
45. K. Moons, A.P. Kengne, and D.E. Grobbee Risk prediction models: II external validation, model updating, and impact assessment Heart 98 2012 691 698
46. M.J. Pencina, R.B. D'Agostino Sr., R.B. D'Agostino Jr., and R.S. Vasan Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: from area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond Statistics in Medicine 27 2008 157 172 discussion 207-112
47. M.J. Pencina, R.B. D'Agostino Sr., and E.W. Steyerberg Extensions of net reclassification improvement calculations to measure usefulness of new biomarkers Statistics in Medicine 30 2011 11 21
48. S.G. Wannamethee, A.G. Shaper, and P.H. Whincup Impact of diabetes on cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality in older men: influence of age at onset, diabetes duration, and established and novel risk factors Archives of Internal Medicine 171 2011 404 410
49. N.P. Paynter, N.A. Mazer, and A.D. Pradhan Cardiovascular risk prediction in diabetic men and women using hemoglobin A1c vs. diabetes as a high-risk equivalent Archives of Internal Medicine 171 2011 1712 1718
50. J.B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, A.P. Kengne, and E. Sobngwi Cardiovascular risk evaluation tools specific to population with diabetes Archives of Internal Medicine 2012
51. K.M. Anderson, P.W. Wilson, P.M. Odell, and W.B. Kannel An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals Circulation 83 1991 356 362
52. P.W. Wilson, R.B. D'Agostino, and D. Levy Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories Circulation 97 1998 1837 1847
53. R.B. D'Agostino Sr., R.S. Vasan, and M.J. Pencina General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study Circulation 117 2008 743 753
54. R.J. Stevens, V. Kothari, A.I. Adler, and I.M. Stratton The UKPDS risk engine: a model for the risk of coronary heart disease in Type II diabetes (UKPDS 56) Clinical Science (London) 101 2001 671 679
55. V. Kothari, R.J. Stevens, and A.I. Adler UKPDS 60 risk of stroke in type 2 diabetes estimated by the UK prospective diabetes study risk engine Stroke 33 2002 1776 1781
56. Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Smoking, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in men in the Asia-Pacific region Journal of Diabetes 1 2009 173 181
57. Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Systolic blood pressure, diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the Asia-Pacific region Journal of Hypertension 25 2007 1205 1213
58. Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Cholesterol, diabetes and major cardiovascular diseases in the Asia-Pacific region Diabetologia 50 2007 2289 2297
59. A.P. Kengne, G.D. Batty, and M. Hamer Association of C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease mortality according to diabetes status: pooled analyses of 25,979 participants from four U.K. prospective cohort studies Diabetes Care 35 2012 396 403
60. M. Coutinho, H.C. Gerstein, Y. Wang, and S. Yusuf The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years Diabetes Care 22 1999 233 240
61. E. Selvin, S. Marinopoulos, and G. Berkenblit Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus Annals of Internal Medicine 141 2004 421 431
62. H. Miettinen, S.M. Haffner, and S. Lehto Retinopathy predicts coronary heart disease events in NIDDM patients Diabetes Care 19 1996 1445 1448
63. M.V. van Hecke, J.M. Dekker, and C.D. Stehouwer Diabetic retinopathy is associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease incidence: the EURODIAB prospective complications study Diabetes Care 28 2005 1383 1389
64. G. Targher, L. Bertolini, and R. Tessari Retinopathy predicts future cardiovascular events among type 2 diabetic patients: the Valpolicella heart diabetes study Diabetes Care 29 2006 1178
65. A. Juutilainen, S. Lehto, and T. Ronnemaa Retinopathy predicts cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic men and women Diabetes Care 30 2007 292 299
66. A.P. Kengne, A. Patel, and M. Marre Contemporary model for cardiovascular risk prediction in people with type 2 diabetes European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 2011 doi:10. 1177/1741826710394270
67. T.A. Jacobson, S.W. Gutkin, and C.R. Harper Effects of a global risk educational tool on primary coronary prevention: the atherosclerosis assessment via total risk (AVIATOR) study Current Medical Research and Opinion 22 2006 1065 1073
68. L.M. Hall, R.T. Jung, and G.P. Leese Controlled trial of effect of documented cardiovascular risk scores on prescribing British Medical Journal 326 2003 251 252
69. I. Hetlevik, J. Holmen, and O. Kruger Implementing clinical guidelines in the treatment of hypertension in general practice, evaluation of patient outcome related to implementation of a computer-based clinical decision support system Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 17 1999 35 40
70. A.A. Montgomery, T. Fahey, and T.J. Peters Evaluation of computer based clinical decision support system and risk chart for management of hypertension in primary care: randomised controlled trial British Medical Journal 320 2000 686 690
71. H.C. Price, S.J. Griffin, and R.R. Holman Impact of personalized cardiovascular disease risk estimates on physical activity-a randomized controlled trial Diabetic Medicine 28 2011 363 372
72. T.H. Dent, C.F. Wright, and B.C. Stephan Risk prediction models: a framework for assessment Public Health Genomics 15 2012 98 105