메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 5535-5544

Effects of ethanol on vehicle energy efficiency and implications on ethanol life-cycle greenhouse gas analysis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENGINE PERFORMANCE; GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG); POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECT; PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY; STANDARD DEVIATION; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; VEHICLE EFFICIENCY; VOLUMETRIC ENERGY;

EID: 84878653793     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es305209a     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (120)
  • 2
    • 31544462628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1121416
    • Farrell, A. E.; Plevin, R. J.; Turner, B. T.; Jones, A. D.; O'Hare, M.; Kammen, D. M. Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals Science 2006, 311, 506-508 (Pubitemid 43157725)
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , Issue.5760 , pp. 506-508
    • Farrell, A.E.1    Plevin, R.J.2    Turner, B.T.3    Jones, A.D.4    O'Hare, M.5    Kammen, D.M.6
  • 4
    • 40049092327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1152747
    • Fargione, J.; Hill, J.; Tilman, D.; Polasky, S.; Hawthorne, P. Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt Science 2008, 319, 1235-1238 (Pubitemid 351323017)
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , Issue.5867 , pp. 1235-1238
    • Fargione, J.1    Hill, J.2    Tilman, D.3    Polasky, S.4    Hawthorne, P.5
  • 5
    • 40049104506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1151861
    • Searchinger, T.; Heimlich, R.; Houghton, R. A.; Dong, F.; Elobeid, A.; Fabiosa, J.; Tokgoz, S.; Hayes, D.; Yu, T.-H. Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change Science 2008, 319, 1238-1240 (Pubitemid 351323018)
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , Issue.5867 , pp. 1238-1240
    • Searchinger, T.1    Heimlich, R.2    Houghton, R.A.3    Dong, F.4    Elobeid, A.5    Fabiosa, J.6    Tokgoz, S.7    Hayes, D.8    Yu, T.-H.9
  • 6
    • 76449090207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofuels and synthetic fuels in the U.S. and China: A review of well-to-wheel energy use and greenhouse gas emissions with the impact of land-use change
    • Yan, X.; Inderwildi, O. R.; King, D. A. Biofuels and synthetic fuels in the U.S. and China: A review of well-to-wheel energy use and greenhouse gas emissions with the impact of land-use change Energy Environ. Sci. 2010, 3, 190
    • (2010) Energy Environ. Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 190
    • Yan, X.1    Inderwildi, O.R.2    King, D.A.3
  • 7
    • 80052217081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas analysis for agave-derived bioethanol
    • Yan, X.; Tan, D. K. Y.; Inderwildi, O. R.; Smith, J. a. C.; King, D. A. Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas analysis for agave-derived bioethanol Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 3110-3121
    • (2011) Energy Environ. Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 3110-3121
    • Yan, X.1    Tan, D.K.Y.2    Inderwildi, O.R.3    Smith, J.A.C.4    King, D.A.5
  • 8
    • 33645389496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol fuels: E10 or E85 - Life cycle perspectives
    • Kim, S.; Dale, B. Ethanol fuels: E10 or E85-Life cycle perspectives Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2006, 11, 117-121
    • (2006) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. , vol.11 , pp. 117-121
    • Kim, S.1    Dale, B.2
  • 9
    • 34250793919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy balance and GHG-abatement cost of cassava utilization for fuel ethanol in Thailand
    • DOI 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.03.012, PII S0301421507000912
    • Nguyen, T. L. T.; Gheewala, S. H.; Garivait, S. Energy balance and GHG-abatement cost of cassava utilization for fuel ethanol in Thailand Energy Policy 2007, 35, 4585-4596 (Pubitemid 46971931)
    • (2007) Energy Policy , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 4585-4596
    • Nguyen, T.L.T.1    Gheewala, S.H.2    Garivait, S.3
  • 10
    • 44749088737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green house gases emissions in the production and use of ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil: The 2005/2006 averages and a prediction for 2020
    • Macedo, I. C.; Seabra, J. E. A.; Silva, J. E. A. R. Green house gases emissions in the production and use of ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil: The 2005/2006 averages and a prediction for 2020 Biomass Bioenergy 2008, 32, 582-595
    • (2008) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.32 , pp. 582-595
    • MacEdo, I.C.1    Seabra, J.E.A.2    Silva, J.E.A.R.3
  • 11
    • 67650260345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle assessment of biofuels: Energy and greenhouse gas balances
    • Gnansounou, E.; Dauriat, A.; Villegas, J.; Panichelli, L. Life cycle assessment of biofuels: Energy and greenhouse gas balances Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 4919-4930
    • (2009) Bioresour. Technol. , vol.100 , pp. 4919-4930
    • Gnansounou, E.1    Dauriat, A.2    Villegas, J.3    Panichelli, L.4
  • 12
    • 80054861065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of local lifecycle analyses and low carbon fuel standard design on gasohol transportation fuels
    • Boies, A. M.; McFarlane, D.; Taff, S.; Watts, W. F.; Kittelson, D. B. Implications of local lifecycle analyses and low carbon fuel standard design on gasohol transportation fuels Energy Policy 2011, 39, 7191-7201
    • (2011) Energy Policy , vol.39 , pp. 7191-7201
    • Boies, A.M.1    McFarlane, D.2    Taff, S.3    Watts, W.F.4    Kittelson, D.B.5
  • 13
    • 84876175901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the uncertainties in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for UK wheat ethanol
    • Yan, X.; Boies, A. M. Quantifying the uncertainties in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for UK wheat ethanol Environ. Res. Lett. 2013, 8, 015024
    • (2013) Environ. Res. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 015024
    • Yan, X.1    Boies, A.M.2
  • 14
    • 78650700051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy Implications of uncertainty in modeled life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of biofuels
    • Mullins, K. A.; Griffin, W. M.; Matthews, H. S. Policy Implications of uncertainty in modeled life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of biofuels Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 132-138
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.45 , pp. 132-138
    • Mullins, K.A.1    Griffin, W.M.2    Matthews, H.S.3
  • 15
    • 78449260132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing model uncertainties in the life cycle of lignocellulose-based ethanol fuels
    • Spatari, S.; MacLean, H. L. Characterizing model uncertainties in the life cycle of lignocellulose-based ethanol fuels Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 8773-8780
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 8773-8780
    • Spatari, S.1    MacLean, H.L.2
  • 16
    • 78549238951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels' indirect land use change are uncertain but may be much greater than previously estimated
    • Plevin, R. J.; O'Hare, M.; Jones, A. D.; Torn, M. S.; Gibbs, H. K. Greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels' indirect land use change are uncertain but may be much greater than previously estimated Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 8015-8021
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 8015-8021
    • Plevin, R.J.1    O'Hare, M.2    Jones, A.D.3    Torn, M.S.4    Gibbs, H.K.5
  • 18
    • 0002022382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of ethanol as a transportation fuel
    • In; Taylor & Francis: Washington DC.
    • Bailey, B. K. Performance of ethanol as a transportation fuel. In Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Utilization; Taylor & Francis: Washington DC, 1996.
    • (1996) Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Utilization
    • Bailey, B.K.1
  • 21
    • 84861699882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the impact of selected fuel thermochemical properties on internal combustion engine efficiency
    • Szybist, J. P.; Chakravathy, K.; Daw, C. S. Analysis of the impact of selected fuel thermochemical properties on internal combustion engine efficiency Energy Fuels 2012, 26, 2798-2810
    • (2012) Energy Fuels , vol.26 , pp. 2798-2810
    • Szybist, J.P.1    Chakravathy, K.2    Daw, C.S.3
  • 22
    • 0037408792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission
    • Al-Hasan, M. Effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission Energy Convers. Manage. 2003, 44, 1547-1561
    • (2003) Energy Convers. Manage. , vol.44 , pp. 1547-1561
    • Al-Hasan, M.1
  • 23
    • 18144400894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and theoretical investigation of using gasoline-ethanol blends in spark-ignition engines
    • Bayraktar, H. Experimental and theoretical investigation of using gasoline-ethanol blends in spark-ignition engines Renewable Energy 2005, 30, 1733-1747
    • (2005) Renewable Energy , vol.30 , pp. 1733-1747
    • Bayraktar, H.1
  • 24
    • 45949094677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement and prediction study of the effect of ethanol blending on the performance and pollutants emission of a four-stroke spark ignition engine
    • Al-Baghdadi, M. A. R. S. Measurement and prediction study of the effect of ethanol blending on the performance and pollutants emission of a four-stroke spark ignition engine Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part D 2008, 222, 859-873
    • (2008) Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part D , vol.222 , pp. 859-873
    • Al-Baghdadi, M.A.R.S.1
  • 26
    • 58949083686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network
    • Najafi, G.; Ghobadian, B.; Tavakoli, T.; Buttsworth, D.; Yusaf, T.; Faizollahnejad, M. Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network Appl. Energy 2009, 86, 630-639
    • (2009) Appl. Energy , vol.86 , pp. 630-639
    • Najafi, G.1    Ghobadian, B.2    Tavakoli, T.3    Buttsworth, D.4    Yusaf, T.5    Faizollahnejad, M.6
  • 27
    • 80053966297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combustion and emissions behavior for ethanol-gasoline blends in a single cylinder engine
    • Schifter, I.; Diaz, L.; Rodriguez, R.; Gómez, J. P.; Gonzalez, U. Combustion and emissions behavior for ethanol-gasoline blends in a single cylinder engine Fuel 2011, 90, 3586-3592
    • (2011) Fuel , vol.90 , pp. 3586-3592
    • Schifter, I.1    Diaz, L.2    Rodriguez, R.3    Gómez, J.P.4    Gonzalez, U.5
  • 29
    • 77953165675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ethanol content on gasohol PFI engine wide-open-throttle operation
    • Kar, K.; Cheng, W.; Ishii, K. Effects of ethanol content on gasohol PFI engine wide-open-throttle operation SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2009, 2, 895-901
    • (2009) SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. , vol.2 , pp. 895-901
    • Kar, K.1    Cheng, W.2    Ishii, K.3
  • 32
    • 77955333835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of ethanol and butanol as oxygenates using a direct-injection, spark-ignition engine
    • Article Number: 032802.
    • Wallner, T.; Miers, S. A.; McConnell, S. A comparison of ethanol and butanol as oxygenates using a direct-injection, spark-ignition engine. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 2009, 131, Article Number: 032802.
    • (2009) J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power , vol.131
    • Wallner, T.1    Miers, S.A.2    McConnell, S.3
  • 33
    • 77953192805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ethanol on knock in spark ignition gasoline engines
    • Nakama, K.; Kusaka, J.; Daisho, Y. Effect of ethanol on knock in spark ignition gasoline engines SAE Int. J. Eng. 2009, 1, 1366-1380
    • (2009) SAE Int. J. Eng. , vol.1 , pp. 1366-1380
    • Nakama, K.1    Kusaka, J.2    Daisho, Y.3
  • 34
    • 84878653302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ChevronTexaco. Chevron Products Company: San Ramon.
    • ChevronTexaco. Motor Gasolines Technical Review; Chevron Products Company: San Ramon, 2004.
    • (2004) Motor Gasolines Technical Review
  • 35
    • 84878648475 scopus 로고
    • Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory.
    • Lawrence, R. Gasohol Test Program; Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory, 1978.
    • (1978) Gasohol Test Program
    • Lawrence, R.1
  • 48
    • 78649663809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital. eport to Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts; Orbital.
    • Orbital. Evaluating the Health Impacts of Ethanol Blend Petrol, eport to Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts; Orbital, 2008.
    • (2008) Evaluating the Health Impacts of Ethanol Blend Petrol
  • 50
    • 44749088931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emissions from light duty gasoline vehicles operating on low blend ethanol gasoline and E85
    • Graham, L. A.; Belisle, S. L.; Baas, C.-L. Emissions from light duty gasoline vehicles operating on low blend ethanol gasoline and E85 Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 4498-4516
    • (2008) Atmos. Environ. , vol.42 , pp. 4498-4516
    • Graham, L.A.1    Belisle, S.L.2    Baas, C.-L.3
  • 52
    • 70450197802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of E20 ethanol fuel on vehicle emissions
    • Hilton, B.; Duddy, B. The effect of E20 ethanol fuel on vehicle emissions Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part D 2009, 223, 1577-1586
    • (2009) Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part D , vol.223 , pp. 1577-1586
    • Hilton, B.1    Duddy, B.2
  • 54
    • 79959494896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol blend effects on direct injection spark-ignition gasoline vehicle particulate matter emissions
    • Storey, J. M.; Barone, T.; Norman, K.; Lewis, S. Ethanol blend effects on direct injection spark-ignition gasoline vehicle particulate matter emissions SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2010, 3, 650-659
    • (2010) SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. , vol.3 , pp. 650-659
    • Storey, J.M.1    Barone, T.2    Norman, K.3    Lewis, S.4
  • 56
  • 57
    • 84855982533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of ethanol fuel level on emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants from a fleet of gasoline light-duty vehicles
    • Karavalakis, G.; Durbin, T. D.; Shrivastava, M.; Zheng, Z.; Villela, M.; Jung, H. Impacts of ethanol fuel level on emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants from a fleet of gasoline light-duty vehicles Fuel 2012, 93, 549-558
    • (2012) Fuel , vol.93 , pp. 549-558
    • Karavalakis, G.1    Durbin, T.D.2    Shrivastava, M.3    Zheng, Z.4    Villela, M.5    Jung, H.6
  • 60
    • 84878635235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Fuel EconomyGuideData 2002-2013.
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Fuel EconomyGuideData 2002-2013. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fedata.htm, 2012.
    • (2012)
  • 61
    • 0030463710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of ethanol-blended fuels on the emissions from three pre-1985 light-duty passenger vehicles
    • Stump, F. D.; Knapp, K. T.; Ray, W. D. Influence of ethanol-blended fuels on the emissions from three pre-1985 light-duty passenger vehicles J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1996, 46, 1149-1161 (Pubitemid 26425378)
    • (1996) Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association , vol.46 , Issue.12 , pp. 1149-1161
    • Stump, F.D.1    Knapp, K.T.2    Ray, W.D.3
  • 64
    • 0035872194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental implications on the oxygenation of gasoline with ethanol in the metropolitan area of Mexico City
    • Schifter, I.; Vera, M.; Díaz, L.; Guzmán, E.; Ramos, F.; López-Salinas, E. Environmental implications on the oxygenation of gasoline with ethanol in the metropolitan area of Mexico City Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 1893-1901
    • (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.35 , pp. 1893-1901
    • Schifter, I.1    Vera, M.2    Díaz, L.3    Guzmán, E.4    Ramos, F.5    López-Salinas, E.6
  • 65
    • 34347385972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History, roadmap and success of using ethanol blended gasoline in Thailand
    • In.
    • Tantithumpoosit, W. History, roadmap and success of using ethanol blended gasoline in Thailand. In 2nd Asian Petroleum Technology Symposium; 2004.
    • (2004) 2nd Asian Petroleum Technology Symposium
    • Tantithumpoosit, W.1
  • 74
    • 77953184623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the effects of ethanol use on a Ford Escort fitted with an old technology engine
    • Gogos, M.; Savvidis, D.; Triandafyllis, J. Study of the effects of ethanol use on a Ford Escort fitted with an old technology engine SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 2009, 1, 254-259
    • (2009) SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. , vol.1 , pp. 254-259
    • Gogos, M.1    Savvidis, D.2    Triandafyllis, J.3
  • 78
    • 71649101927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test run evaluation of a blend of fuel-grade ethanol and regular commercial gasoline: Its effect on engine efficiency and exhaust gas composition
    • Roayaei, E.; Taheri, K. Test run evaluation of a blend of fuel-grade ethanol and regular commercial gasoline: its effect on engine efficiency and exhaust gas composition Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 2009, 11, 385-389
    • (2009) Clean Technol. Environ. Policy , vol.11 , pp. 385-389
    • Roayaei, E.1    Taheri, K.2
  • 79
    • 68049092923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ethanol-blended gasoline on air pollutant emissions from motorcycle
    • Yao, Y.-C.; Tsai, J.-H.; Chiang, H.-L. Effects of ethanol-blended gasoline on air pollutant emissions from motorcycle Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407, 5257-5262
    • (2009) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.407 , pp. 5257-5262
    • Yao, Y.-C.1    Tsai, J.-H.2    Chiang, H.-L.3
  • 83
    • 79952539550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle emissions and fuel economy effects of 16% butanol and various ethanol blended fuels (E10, E20, and E85)
    • Paper ID: JAI103068.
    • Schulz, M.; Clark, S.; Honary, L.; Conconi, C.; Dean, S. W. Vehicle emissions and fuel economy effects of 16% butanol and various ethanol blended fuels (E10, E20, and E85). J. ASTM Int. 2011, 8, Paper ID: JAI103068.
    • (2011) J. ASTM Int. , vol.8
    • Schulz, M.1    Clark, S.2    Honary, L.3    Conconi, C.4    Dean, S.W.5
  • 85
    • 80053300860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ethanol-blended gasoline on emissions of regulated air pollutants and carbonyls from motorcycles
    • Yang, H.-H.; Liu, T.-C.; Chang, C.-F.; Lee, E. Effects of ethanol-blended gasoline on emissions of regulated air pollutants and carbonyls from motorcycles Appl. Energy 2012, 89, 281-286
    • (2012) Appl. Energy , vol.89 , pp. 281-286
    • Yang, H.-H.1    Liu, T.-C.2    Chang, C.-F.3    Lee, E.4
  • 86
    • 84878636115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MSN Autos. http://home.autos.msn.com/ (accessed June 5).
    • MSN Autos. http://home.autos.msn.com/. http://home.autos.msn.com/ (accessed June 5, 2012).
    • (2012)
  • 87
    • 84878645275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • carsales.com.au. (accessed June 5).
    • carsales.com.au. http://www.carsales.com.au/ http://www.carsales.com.au/ (accessed June 5, 2012).
    • (2012)
  • 88
    • 84878631253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Car Specifications Site. (accessed September 6).
    • The Car Specifications Site. http://www.carfolio.com/. http://www.carfolio.com/ (accessed September 6, 2012).
    • (2012)
  • 89
    • 84878629685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oracle Oracle Crystal Ball
    • Oracle Oracle Crystal Ball, 2012. http://www.oracle.com/us/products/ applications/crystalball/index.html.
    • (2012)
  • 91
    • 0011312359 scopus 로고
    • Gasohol: Does it or doesn't it produce positive net energy?
    • Chambers, R. S.; Herendeen, R. A.; Joyce, J. J.; Penner, P. S. Gasohol: Does it or doesn't it produce positive net energy? Science 1979, 206, 789-795
    • (1979) Science , vol.206 , pp. 789-795
    • Chambers, R.S.1    Herendeen, R.A.2    Joyce, J.J.3    Penner, P.S.4
  • 97
    • 84878629297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Energy Clean Cities Alternative FuelPrice Report (March 2007 - April 2012).
    • U.S. Department of Energy Clean Cities Alternative FuelPrice Report (March 2007-April 2012); http://www.afdc.energy.gov/publications/search/keyword/ ?q=alternative%20fuel%20price%20report.
  • 98
    • 70349168721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State and federal subsidies to biofuels: Magnitude and options for redirection
    • Koplow, D. State and federal subsidies to biofuels: Magnitude and options for redirection Int. J. Biotechnol. 2009, 11, 92-126
    • (2009) Int. J. Biotechnol. , vol.11 , pp. 92-126
    • Koplow, D.1
  • 99
    • 0344965715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Energy Information Administration. U.S. Energy Information Administration.
    • U.S. Energy Information Administration. Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels, 2009; U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2011.
    • (2011) Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels, 2009
  • 100
    • 37549046328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable compression ratio engine: A future power plant for automobiles - An overview
    • Shaik, A.; Moorthi, N. S. V.; Rudramoorthy, R. Variable compression ratio engine: a future power plant for automobiles-an overview Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part D 2007, 221, 1159-1168
    • (2007) Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part D , vol.221 , pp. 1159-1168
    • Shaik, A.1    Moorthi, N.S.V.2    Rudramoorthy, R.3
  • 101
    • 84856077183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards 40% efficiency with BMEP exceeding 30 bar in directly injected, turbocharged, spark ignition ethanol engines
    • Boretti, A. Towards 40% efficiency with BMEP exceeding 30 bar in directly injected, turbocharged, spark ignition ethanol engines Energy Convers. Manag. 2012, 57, 154-166
    • (2012) Energy Convers. Manag. , vol.57 , pp. 154-166
    • Boretti, A.1
  • 107
    • 84859301592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the effect of bio-fuels on the combustion in a downsized DISI engine
    • Thewes, M.; Maxther, M.; Brassat, A.; Pischinger, S.; Sehr, A. Analysis of the effect of bio-fuels on the combustion in a downsized DISI engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2012, 5, 274-288
    • (2012) SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. , vol.5 , pp. 274-288
    • Thewes, M.1    Maxther, M.2    Brassat, A.3    Pischinger, S.4    Sehr, A.5
  • 108
    • 80054802855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of fuel properties on thermal efficiency of advanced spark-ignition engines
    • Nakata, K.; Sasaki, N.; Ota, A.; Kawatake, K. The effect of fuel properties on thermal efficiency of advanced spark-ignition engines Int. J. Eng. Res. 2011, 12, 274-281
    • (2011) Int. J. Eng. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 274-281
    • Nakata, K.1    Sasaki, N.2    Ota, A.3    Kawatake, K.4
  • 111
    • 77953164101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal use of E85 in a turbocharged direct injection engine
    • Stein, R. A.; House, C. J.; Leone, T. G. Optimal use of E85 in a turbocharged direct injection engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2009, 2, 670-682
    • (2009) SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. , vol.2 , pp. 670-682
    • Stein, R.A.1    House, C.J.2    Leone, T.G.3
  • 112
    • 79952442817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-injection: The flexible, bi-fuel concept for spark-ignition engines fuelled with various gasoline and biofuel blends
    • Wu, X.; Daniel, R.; Tian, G.; Xu, H.; Huang, Z.; Richardson, D. Dual-injection: The flexible, bi-fuel concept for spark-ignition engines fuelled with various gasoline and biofuel blends Appl. Energy 2011, 88, 2305-2314
    • (2011) Appl. Energy , vol.88 , pp. 2305-2314
    • Wu, X.1    Daniel, R.2    Tian, G.3    Xu, H.4    Huang, Z.5    Richardson, D.6
  • 113
    • 77955619356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is There a Road Ahead for Cellulosic Ethanol?
    • Service, R. F. Is There a Road Ahead For Cellulosic Ethanol? Science 2010, 329, 784-785
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , pp. 784-785
    • Service, R.F.1
  • 114
  • 115
    • 78649735770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated strategies for ethanol and flex fuel vehicle deployment: A quantitative assessment of the feasibility of biofuel targets
    • McAulay, J.; Heywood, J. B. Coordinated strategies for ethanol and flex fuel vehicle deployment: A quantitative assessment of the feasibility of biofuel targets SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2010, 3, 303-312
    • (2010) SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. , vol.3 , pp. 303-312
    • McAulay, J.1    Heywood, J.B.2
  • 116
    • 46449132570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economics - The MPG illusion
    • Larrick, R. P.; Soll, J. B. Economics-The MPG illusion Science 2008, 320, 1593-1594
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1593-1594
    • Larrick, R.P.1    Soll, J.B.2
  • 118
    • 84878657806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Energy.
    • U.S. Department of Energy Blender Pump Dispensers. http://www.afdc. energy.gov/afdc/technology-bulletin-0210.html.
    • Blender Pump Dispensers
  • 120
    • 77952825675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy demand and emissions from road transportation vehicles in China
    • Yan, X.; Crookes, R. J. Energy demand and emissions from road transportation vehicles in China Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2010, 36, 651-676
    • (2010) Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 651-676
    • Yan, X.1    Crookes, R.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.