메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2013, Pages

Effects of jet/vortex interaction on contrail formation in supersaturated conditions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR ENTRAINMENT; CONDENSATION; ENGINES; ICE; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOOT; SUPERSATURATION; TWO PHASE FLOW; VORTEX FLOW;

EID: 84878584956     PISSN: 10706631     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.4807063     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 24144495184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation, properties and climatic effects of contrails
    • 10.1016/j.crhy.2005.05.002.
    • Schumann U. Formation, properties and climatic effects of contrails. C. R. Phys. 2005, 6:549-565. 10.1016/j.crhy.2005.05.002, .
    • (2005) C. R. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 549-565
    • Schumann, U.1
  • 5
    • 84864264573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of effective emissions modeling and computation
    • 10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011
    • Paoli R. Cariolle D. Sausen R. Review of effective emissions modeling and computation. Geosci. Model Dev. 2011, 4:643-677. 10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, and .
    • (2011) Geosci. Model Dev. , vol.4 , pp. 643-677
    • Paoli, R.1    Cariolle, D.2    Sausen, R.3
  • 6
    • 0032572639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicochemistry of aircraft-generated liquid aerosols, soot, and ice particles. 1. Model description
    • 10.1029/98JD01044
    • Kärcher B. Physicochemistry of aircraft-generated liquid aerosols, soot, and ice particles. 1. Model description. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:17111-17128. 10.1029/98JD01044, doi:.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 17111-17128
    • Kärcher, B.1
  • 7
    • 0003070757 scopus 로고
    • The formation of exhaust condensation trails by jet aircraft
    • Appleman H. The formation of exhaust condensation trails by jet aircraft. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1953, 34:14-20. .
    • (1953) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.34 , pp. 14-20
    • Appleman, H.1
  • 8
    • 0002564409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On conditions for contrail formation from aircraft exhausts
    • Schumann U. On conditions for contrail formation from aircraft exhausts. Meteorol. Z. 1996, 5:4-23. .
    • (1996) Meteorol. Z. , vol.5 , pp. 4-23
    • Schumann, U.1
  • 9
    • 0032573250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport and effective diffusion of aircraft emissions
    • 10.1029/98JD02282
    • Gerz T. Dürbeck T. Konopka P. Transport and effective diffusion of aircraft emissions. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:25905-25914. 10.1029/98JD02282, and doi:.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 25905-25914
    • Gerz, T.1    Dürbeck, T.2    Konopka, P.3
  • 10
    • 0030294662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the motion of laminar wing wakes in a stratified fluid
    • 10.1017/S002211209600849X
    • Spalart P.R. On the motion of laminar wing wakes in a stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 1996, 327:139-160. 10.1017/S002211209600849X, .
    • (1996) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.327 , pp. 139-160
    • Spalart, P.R.1
  • 11
    • 0002878480 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and experimental study of the stability of a vortex pair
    • (Plenum Press, New York)
    • Widnall S.E. Bliss D. Zalay A. Theoretical and experimental study of the stability of a vortex pair. Aircraft Wake Turbulence and its Detection 1971, 305-338. and (Plenum Press, New York, ), pp.
    • (1971) Aircraft Wake Turbulence and its Detection , pp. 305-338
    • Widnall, S.E.1    Bliss, D.2    Zalay, A.3
  • 12
    • 0001265277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersion of aircraft exhausts in the free atmosphere
    • 10.1029/96JD02217
    • Dürbeck T. Gerz T. Dispersion of aircraft exhausts in the free atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101:26007-26016. 10.1029/96JD02217, and doi:.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 26007-26016
    • Dürbeck, T.1    Gerz, T.2
  • 14
    • 0032522172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the morphology and microphysics of contrail cirrus from airborne remote sensing
    • 10.1029/97GL03477
    • Spinhirne J.D. Hart W.D. Duda D.P. Evolution of the morphology and microphysics of contrail cirrus from airborne remote sensing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25:1153-1156. 10.1029/97GL03477, and doi:.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 1153-1156
    • Spinhirne, J.D.1    Hart, W.D.2    Duda, D.P.3
  • 17
    • 0029510305 scopus 로고
    • Contrail observation by ground-based scanning lidar: Cross-sectional growth
    • 10.1029/95GL03549
    • Freudenthaler V. Homburg F. Jäger H. Contrail observation by ground-based scanning lidar: Cross-sectional growth. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1995, 22:3501-3504. 10.1029/95GL03549, and doi:.
    • (1995) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 3501-3504
    • Freudenthaler, V.1    Homburg, F.2    Jäger, H.3
  • 18
    • 0033608149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical dispersion of an aircraft wake: Aerosol-lidar analysis of entrainment and detrainment in the vortex regime
    • 10.1029/1998JD200033
    • Sussmann R. Vertical dispersion of an aircraft wake: Aerosol-lidar analysis of entrainment and detrainment in the vortex regime. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:2117-2129. 10.1029/1998JD200033, doi:.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 2117-2129
    • Sussmann, R.1
  • 19
    • 0011015654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional radiative forcing by line-shaped contrails derived from satellite data
    • 10.1029/2001JD000426
    • Meyer R. Mannstein H. Meerkötter R. Schumann U. Wendling P. Regional radiative forcing by line-shaped contrails derived from satellite data. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107:4104. 10.1029/2001JD000426, and doi:.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4104
    • Meyer, R.1    Mannstein, H.2    Meerkötter, R.3    Schumann, U.4    Wendling, P.5
  • 20
    • 22444438978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aircraft induced contrail cirrus over Europe
    • 10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0058
    • Mannstein H. Schumann U. Aircraft induced contrail cirrus over Europe. Meteorol. Z. 2005, 14:549-554. 10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0058, and .
    • (2005) Meteorol. Z. , vol.14 , pp. 549-554
    • Mannstein, H.1    Schumann, U.2
  • 23
    • 62749139670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of aircraft soot emissions in contrail formation
    • 10.1029/2008GL036649
    • Kärcher B. Yu F. Role of aircraft soot emissions in contrail formation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L01804. 10.1029/2008GL036649, and doi:.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Kärcher, B.1    Yu, F.2
  • 24
    • 77950794003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parametric studies of contrail ice particle formation in jet regime using microphysical parcel modeling
    • 10.5194/acp-10-3261-2010
    • Wong H.-W. Miake-Lye R.C. Parametric studies of contrail ice particle formation in jet regime using microphysical parcel modeling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:3261-3272. 10.5194/acp-10-3261-2010, and .
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 3261-3272
    • Wong, H.-W.1    Miake-Lye, R.C.2
  • 25
    • 0033608141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidar and numerical studies on the different evolution of vortex pair and secondary wake in young contrails
    • 10.1029/1998JD200034
    • Sussmann R. Gierens K. Lidar and numerical studies on the different evolution of vortex pair and secondary wake in young contrails. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:2131-2142. 10.1029/1998JD200034, and doi:.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 2131-2142
    • Sussmann, R.1    Gierens, K.2
  • 26
    • 77249134624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulations of contrail-to-cirrus transition-part 1: An extensive parametric study
    • 10.5194/acp-10-2017-2010
    • Unterstrasser S. Gierens K. Numerical simulations of contrail-to-cirrus transition-part 1: An extensive parametric study. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:2017-2036. 10.5194/acp-10-2017-2010, and .
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 2017-2036
    • Unterstrasser, S.1    Gierens, K.2
  • 27
    • 77958609778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of contrail microphysics in the vortex phase with a Lagrangian particle tracking model
    • 10.5194/acp-10-10003-2010
    • Unterstrasser S. Sölch I. Study of contrail microphysics in the vortex phase with a Lagrangian particle tracking model. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:10003-10015. 10.5194/acp-10-10003-2010, and .
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 10003-10015
    • Unterstrasser, S.1    Sölch, I.2
  • 28
    • 16544383210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrail formation in aircraft wakes
    • 10.1017/S0022112003007808
    • Paoli R. Hélie J. Poinsot T. Contrail formation in aircraft wakes. J. Fluid Mech. 2004, 502:361-373. 10.1017/S0022112003007808, and .
    • (2004) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.502 , pp. 361-373
    • Paoli, R.1    Hélie, J.2    Poinsot, T.3
  • 29
    • 0035864512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of aircraft wake dynamics on contrail development
    • 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0390:TEOAWD>2.0.CO;2
    • Lewellen D.C. Lewellen W.S. The effects of aircraft wake dynamics on contrail development. J. Atmos. Sci. 2001, 58:390-406. 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0390:TEOAWD>2.0.CO;2, and .
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 390-406
    • Lewellen, D.C.1    Lewellen, W.S.2
  • 30
    • 77951807104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of vortex dynamics and atmospheric turbulence on the early evolution of a contrail
    • 10.5194/acp-10-3933-2010
    • Paugam R. Paoli R. Cariolle D. Influence of vortex dynamics and atmospheric turbulence on the early evolution of a contrail. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:3933-3952. 10.5194/acp-10-3933-2010, and .
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 3933-3952
    • Paugam, R.1    Paoli, R.2    Cariolle, D.3
  • 31
    • 84878588654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity studies on contrail evolution
    • AIAA Paper 2006-3749.
    • Huebsch W.W. Lewellen D.C. Sensitivity studies on contrail evolution. 2006, and AIAA Paper 2006-3749.
    • (2006)
    • Huebsch, W.W.1    Lewellen, D.C.2
  • 32
    • 77249124951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulations of contrail-to-cirrus transition-part 2: Impact of initial ice crystal number, radiation, stratification, secondary nucleation and layer depth
    • 10.5194/acp-10-2037-2010
    • Unterstrasser S. Gierens K. Numerical simulations of contrail-to-cirrus transition-part 2: Impact of initial ice crystal number, radiation, stratification, secondary nucleation and layer depth. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:2037-2051. 10.5194/acp-10-2037-2010, and .
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 2037-2051
    • Unterstrasser, S.1    Gierens, K.2
  • 33
    • 81255177010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large eddy simulations of contrail development: Sensitivity to initial and ambient conditions over first twenty minutes
    • 10.1029/2011JD015806
    • Naiman A.D. Lele S.K. Jacobson M.Z. Large eddy simulations of contrail development: Sensitivity to initial and ambient conditions over first twenty minutes. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:D21208. 10.1029/2011JD015806, and doi:.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Naiman, A.D.1    Lele, S.K.2    Jacobson, M.Z.3
  • 34
    • 0042326214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and mixing in jet/vortex interactions
    • 10.1063/1.1575232
    • Paoli R. Laporte F. Cuenot B. Poinsot T. Dynamics and mixing in jet/vortex interactions. Phys. Fluids 2003, 15:1843-1860. 10.1063/1.1575232, and .
    • (2003) Phys. Fluids , vol.15 , pp. 1843-1860
    • Paoli, R.1    Laporte, F.2    Cuenot, B.3    Poinsot, T.4
  • 35
    • 0031805966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large eddy simulation of contrails
    • 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<0796:LESOC>2.0.CO;2.
    • Chlond A. Large eddy simulation of contrails. J. Atmos. Sci. 1998, 55:796-819. 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<0796:LESOC>2.0.CO;2, .
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 796-819
    • Chlond, A.1
  • 36
    • 35348900275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of vortex wakes and buoyant jets: A study of two-dimensional dynamics
    • 10.1063/1.2753515
    • Shirgaonkar A.A. Lele S.K. Interaction of vortex wakes and buoyant jets: A study of two-dimensional dynamics. Phys. Fluids 2007, 19:086601. 10.1063/1.2753515, and .
    • (2007) Phys. Fluids , vol.19 , pp. 086601
    • Shirgaonkar, A.A.1    Lele, S.K.2
  • 37
    • 44949162090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent jet and a vortex sheet interaction: Particle formation and evolution in the near-field of an aircraft wake
    • 10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0278
    • Paoli R. Vancassel X. Garnier F. Mirabel P. Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent jet and a vortex sheet interaction: Particle formation and evolution in the near-field of an aircraft wake. Meteorol. Z. 2008, 17:131-144. 10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0278, and .
    • (2008) Meteorol. Z. , vol.17 , pp. 131-144
    • Paoli, R.1    Vancassel, X.2    Garnier, F.3    Mirabel, P.4
  • 39
    • 0000177791 scopus 로고
    • A dynamic subgrid-scale model for compressible turbulence and scalar transport
    • 10.1063/1.858164
    • Moin P. Squires K.D. Cabot W. Lee S. A dynamic subgrid-scale model for compressible turbulence and scalar transport. Phys. Fluids A 1991, 3:2746-2757. 10.1063/1.858164, and .
    • (1991) Phys. Fluids A , vol.3 , pp. 2746-2757
    • Moin, P.1    Squires, K.D.2    Cabot, W.3    Lee, S.4
  • 40
    • 0001493429 scopus 로고
    • Secondary instabilities in compressible boundary layers
    • 10.1063/1.858290
    • Ng L. Erlebacher G. Secondary instabilities in compressible boundary layers. Phys. Fluids A 1992, 4:710-726. 10.1063/1.858290, and .
    • (1992) Phys. Fluids A , vol.4 , pp. 710-726
    • Ng, L.1    Erlebacher, G.2
  • 41
    • 0034953669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Favre filtering and macro-temperature in large-eddy simulations of compressible turbulence
    • Lesieur M. Comte P. Favre filtering and macro-temperature in large-eddy simulations of compressible turbulence. C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. IIb Mécanique 2001, 329(5):363-368. and .
    • (2001) C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. IIb Mécanique , vol.329 , Issue.5 , pp. 363-368
    • Lesieur, M.1    Comte, P.2
  • 42
    • 0032595403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wing-tip vortices, turbulence and the distribution of emissions
    • 10.2514/2.595
    • Gerz T. Holzäpfel F. Wing-tip vortices, turbulence and the distribution of emissions. AIAA J. 1999, 37:1270-1276. 10.2514/2.595, and .
    • (1999) AIAA J. , vol.37 , pp. 1270-1276
    • Gerz, T.1    Holzäpfel, F.2
  • 43
    • 0026804821 scopus 로고
    • Spectral large-eddy simulation of isotropic and stably stratified turbulence
    • Métais O. Lesieur M. Spectral large-eddy simulation of isotropic and stably stratified turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 1992, 239:710-726. and .
    • (1992) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.239 , pp. 710-726
    • Métais, O.1    Lesieur, M.2
  • 44
    • 0030283556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large eddy simulation of transition to turbulence in a boundary layer spatially developing over a flat plate
    • Ducros F. Comte P. Lesieur M. Large eddy simulation of transition to turbulence in a boundary layer spatially developing over a flat plate. J. Fluid Mech. 1996, 326:710-726. and .
    • (1996) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.326 , pp. 710-726
    • Ducros, F.1    Comte, P.2    Lesieur, M.3
  • 45
    • 9144220381 scopus 로고
    • Compact finite difference scheme with spectral-like resolution
    • 10.1016/0021-9991(92)90324-R.
    • Lele S.K. Compact finite difference scheme with spectral-like resolution. J. Comput. Phys. 1992, 103:16-42. 10.1016/0021-9991(92)90324-R, .
    • (1992) J. Comput. Phys. , vol.103 , pp. 16-42
    • Lele, S.K.1
  • 46
    • 0033616463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compact finite difference schemes on non-uniform meshes. Application to direct numerical simulations of compressible flows
    • 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0363(19990130)29:2<159::AID-FLD781>3.0.CO;2-9
    • Gamet L. Ducros F. Nicoud F. Poinsot T. Compact finite difference schemes on non-uniform meshes. Application to direct numerical simulations of compressible flows. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 1999, 29:159-191. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0363(19990130)29:2<159::AID-FLD781>3.0.CO;2-9, and .
    • (1999) Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids , vol.29 , pp. 159-191
    • Gamet, L.1    Ducros, F.2    Nicoud, F.3    Poinsot, T.4
  • 47
    • 19644369292 scopus 로고
    • Dispersion-relation-preserving finite difference schemes for computational acoustics
    • 10.1006/jcph.1993.1142
    • Tam C.K. Webb J.C. Dispersion-relation-preserving finite difference schemes for computational acoustics. J. Comput. Phys. 1993, 107:262-281. 10.1006/jcph.1993.1142, and .
    • (1993) J. Comput. Phys. , vol.107 , pp. 262-281
    • Tam, C.K.1    Webb, J.C.2
  • 48
    • 0037175662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical predictions for the elliptical instability in a two-vortex flow
    • Le Dizès S. Laporte F. Theoretical predictions for the elliptical instability in a two-vortex flow. J. Fluid Mech. 2002, 471:169-201. and .
    • (2002) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.471 , pp. 169-201
    • Le Dizès, S.1    Laporte, F.2
  • 49
    • 58149402018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and large-eddy simulations of merging in co-rotating vortex system
    • 10.2514/1.38026
    • Nybelen L. Paoli R. Direct and large-eddy simulations of merging in co-rotating vortex system. AIAA J. 2009, 47:157-167. 10.2514/1.38026, and .
    • (2009) AIAA J. , vol.47 , pp. 157-167
    • Nybelen, L.1    Paoli, R.2
  • 50
    • 70349620583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategy for spatial simulation of co-rotating vortices
    • 10.1002/fld.1935
    • Deniau H. Nybelen L. Strategy for spatial simulation of co-rotating vortices. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 2009, 61:23-56. 10.1002/fld.1935, and .
    • (2009) Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids , vol.61 , pp. 23-56
    • Deniau, H.1    Nybelen, L.2
  • 51
    • 0034042993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct numerical simulations of the elliptic instability of a vortex pair
    • 10.1063/1.870357
    • Laporte F. Corjon A. Direct numerical simulations of the elliptic instability of a vortex pair. Phys. Fluids 2000, 12:1016-1031. 10.1063/1.870357, and .
    • (2000) Phys. Fluids , vol.12 , pp. 1016-1031
    • Laporte, F.1    Corjon, A.2
  • 52
    • 69849104075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turbulent condensation of droplets: Direct simulation and a stochastic model
    • 10.1175/2008JAS2734.1
    • Paoli R. Shariff K. Turbulent condensation of droplets: Direct simulation and a stochastic model. J. Atmos. Sci. 2009, 66:723-740. 10.1175/2008JAS2734.1, and .
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 723-740
    • Paoli, R.1    Shariff, K.2
  • 53
    • 0020572570 scopus 로고
    • Equation of motion for a small rigid sphere in a turbulent fluid flow
    • 10.1063/1.864230
    • Maxey M.R. Riley J.J. Equation of motion for a small rigid sphere in a turbulent fluid flow. Phys. Fluids 1983, 26:883-889. 10.1063/1.864230, and .
    • (1983) Phys. Fluids , vol.26 , pp. 883-889
    • Maxey, M.R.1    Riley, J.J.2
  • 54
    • 0030357286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The initial composition of the jet condensation trails
    • 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<3066:TICOJC>2.0.CO;2
    • Kärcher B. Peter T. Biermann U.M. Schumann U. The initial composition of the jet condensation trails. J. Atmos. Sci. 1996, 53:3066-3082. 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<3066:TICOJC>2.0.CO;2, and .
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 3066-3082
    • Kärcher, B.1    Peter, T.2    Biermann, U.M.3    Schumann, U.4
  • 55
    • 0032203024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct numerical simulation of turbulence modulation by particles in isotropic turbulence
    • 10.1017/S0022112098002821
    • Boivin M. Simonin O. Squires K.D. Direct numerical simulation of turbulence modulation by particles in isotropic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 1998, 375:235-263. 10.1017/S0022112098002821, and .
    • (1998) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.375 , pp. 235-263
    • Boivin, M.1    Simonin, O.2    Squires, K.D.3
  • 56
    • 0007699635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous chemistry in aircraft wakes: Constraints for uptake coefficients
    • 10.1029/97JD00913
    • Kärcher B. Heterogeneous chemistry in aircraft wakes: Constraints for uptake coefficients. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102:19119-19135. 10.1029/97JD00913, doi:.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 19119-19135
    • Kärcher, B.1
  • 57
    • 0001891911 scopus 로고
    • Advancements in the field of hygrometry
    • Sonntag D. Advancements in the field of hygrometry. Meteorol. Z. 1994, 3:51-56. .
    • (1994) Meteorol. Z. , vol.3 , pp. 51-56
    • Sonntag, D.1
  • 58
    • 0000456120 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of vortices with axial velocity deficits
    • 10.1063/1.868582
    • Ragab S. Sreedhar M. Numerical simulation of vortices with axial velocity deficits. Phys. Fluids 1995, 7:549-558. 10.1063/1.868582, and .
    • (1995) Phys. Fluids , vol.7 , pp. 549-558
    • Ragab, S.1    Sreedhar, M.2
  • 59
    • 0004168443 scopus 로고
    • (Cambridge University Press).
    • Lamb H. Hydrodynamics 1932, (Cambridge University Press).
    • (1932) Hydrodynamics
    • Lamb, H.1
  • 60
    • 0036544593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial aircraft wake vortices
    • 10.1016/S0376-0421(02)00004-0
    • Gerz T. Holzäpfel F. Darracq D. Commercial aircraft wake vortices. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 2002, 38:181-208. 10.1016/S0376-0421(02)00004-0, and .
    • (2002) Prog. Aerosp. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 181-208
    • Gerz, T.1    Holzäpfel, F.2    Darracq, D.3
  • 61
    • 0027927141 scopus 로고
    • Velocity measurements in a high-Reynolds-number, momentum conserving, axisymmetric, turbulent jet
    • 10.1017/S002211209400323X
    • Hussein H.J. Capp S.C. George W.K. Velocity measurements in a high-Reynolds-number, momentum conserving, axisymmetric, turbulent jet. J. Fluid Mech. 1994, 258:31-75. 10.1017/S002211209400323X, and .
    • (1994) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.258 , pp. 31-75
    • Hussein, H.J.1    Capp, S.C.2    George, W.K.3
  • 62
    • 0035281813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the mixing of a passive scalar in a round turbulent jet
    • 10.1016/S0169-5983(00)00026-5
    • Lubbers C.L. Brethouwer G. Boersma B.J. Simulation of the mixing of a passive scalar in a round turbulent jet. Fluid Dyn. Res. 2001, 28:189-208. 10.1016/S0169-5983(00)00026-5, and .
    • (2001) Fluid Dyn. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 189-208
    • Lubbers, C.L.1    Brethouwer, G.2    Boersma, B.J.3
  • 63
  • 64
    • 0029252670 scopus 로고
    • On the identification of a vortex
    • 10.1017/S0022112095000462
    • Jeong J. Hussain F. On the identification of a vortex. J. Fluid Mech. 1995, 285:69-94. 10.1017/S0022112095000462, and .
    • (1995) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.285 , pp. 69-94
    • Jeong, J.1    Hussain, F.2
  • 65
    • 38349124847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments on jet/vortex interaction
    • 10.1007/s00348-007-0399-7
    • Margaris P. Marles D. Gursul I. Experiments on jet/vortex interaction. Exp. Fluids 2008, 44:261-278. 10.1007/s00348-007-0399-7, and .
    • (2008) Exp. Fluids , vol.44 , pp. 261-278
    • Margaris, P.1    Marles, D.2    Gursul, I.3
  • 67
    • 84871334440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selected topics on interactions between cirrus clouds and embedded contrails
    • 10.5194/acp-12-11943-2012
    • Gierens K. Selected topics on interactions between cirrus clouds and embedded contrails. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2012, 12:11943-11949. 10.5194/acp-12-11943-2012, .
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 11943-11949
    • Gierens, K.1
  • 68
    • 70849110698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process-based simulation of contrail cirrus in a global climate model
    • 10.1029/2008JD011491
    • Burkhardt U. Kärcher B. Process-based simulation of contrail cirrus in a global climate model. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:D16201. 10.1029/2008JD011491, and doi:.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Burkhardt, U.1    Kärcher, B.2
  • 69
    • 65549117008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic contrails: Microphysics and optical properties
    • 10.1175/2008JAS2768.1
    • Kärcher B. Mayer B. Gierens K. Burkhardt U. Mannstein H. Aerodynamic contrails: Microphysics and optical properties. J. Atmos. Sci. 2009, 66:227-243. 10.1175/2008JAS2768.1, and .
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 227-243
    • Kärcher, B.1    Mayer, B.2    Gierens, K.3    Burkhardt, U.4    Mannstein, H.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.