메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 113-125

Spatial Synchrony of Insect Outbreaks

Author keywords

"spatial synchrony," spatially disjunct populations correlated in time; Food web interactions in population synchrony; Outbreak synchrony, insect populations and management; Quantifying synchrony, using Pearson product moment correlation; Spatial synchrony in population dynamics, weather varying with time; Spatial synchrony of insect outbreaks; Trophic interactions; Ubiquity of spatial synchrony in forest outbreaks, and "inverse problem"

Indexed keywords


EID: 84878195341     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118295205.ch6     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (34)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 54349103051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using mechanistic models to understand synchrony in forest insect populations: the North American gypsy moth as a case study
    • Abbott, K.C., and G. Dwyer. 2008. Using mechanistic models to understand synchrony in forest insect populations: the North American gypsy moth as a case study. The American Naturalist 172:613-624.
    • (2008) The American Naturalist , vol.172 , pp. 613-624
    • Abbott, K.C.1    Dwyer, G.2
  • 2
    • 45449114137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive prey impacts the abundance and distribution of native predators
    • Barber, N.A., R.J. Marquis, and W.P. Tori. 2008. Invasive prey impacts the abundance and distribution of native predators. Ecology 89:2678-2683.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 2678-2683
    • Barber, N.A.1    Marquis, R.J.2    Tori, W.P.3
  • 3
    • 0002666954 scopus 로고
    • Synchronous fluctuations in spatially separated populations of cyclic forest insects
    • A.D. Watt, S.R. Leather, M.D. Hunter, N.A.C. Kidd, Andover, UK Intercept
    • Barbour, D.A. 1990. Synchronous fluctuations in spatially separated populations of cyclic forest insects. In Population Dynamics of Forest Insects, ed. A.D. Watt, S.R. Leather, M.D. Hunter, N.A.C. Kidd, pp. 339-46. Andover, UK: Intercept.
    • (1990) In Population Dynamics of Forest Insects, , pp. 339-346
    • Barbour, D.A.1
  • 4
    • 0033795073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cycles and synchrony: two historical 'experiments'and one experience
    • Bjørnstad, O.N. 2000. Cycles and synchrony: two historical 'experiments'and one experience. Journal of Animal Ecology 69:869-873.
    • (2000) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 869-873
    • Bjørnstad, O.N.1
  • 5
    • 0033231663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial population dynamics: analyzing patterns and processes of population synchrony
    • Bjørnstad, O.N., R.A. Ims, and X. Lambin. 1999a Spatial population dynamics: analyzing patterns and processes of population synchrony. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:427-432.
    • (1999) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.14 , pp. 427-432
    • Bjørnstad, O.N.1    Ims, R.A.2    Lambin, X.3
  • 6
    • 0033021406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchrony and scaling in dynamics of voles and mice in northern Japan
    • Bjørnstad, O.N., N. C. Stenseth, and T. Saitoh. 1999b. Synchrony and scaling in dynamics of voles and mice in northern Japan. Ecology 80:622-637.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 622-637
    • Bjørnstad, O.N.1    Stenseth, N.C.2    Saitoh, T.3
  • 8
    • 0035209422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchrony and second order spatial correlation in host-parasitoid systems
    • Bjørnstad, O.N., and J. Bascompte. 2001. Synchrony and second order spatial correlation in host-parasitoid systems. Journal of Animal Ecology 70:924-933.
    • (2001) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 924-933
    • Bjørnstad, O.N.1    Bascompte, J.2
  • 9
    • 0009815850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric spatial covariance functions: estimation and testing
    • Bjørnstad, O.N., and Falck, W. 2001. Nonparametric spatial covariance functions: estimation and testing. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 8:53-70.
    • (2001) Environmental and Ecological Statistics , vol.8 , pp. 53-70
    • Bjørnstad, O.N.1    Falck, W.2
  • 11
    • 54049117963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient synchronization following invasion: revisiting Moran's model and a case study
    • Bjørnstad, O.N., A.M. Liebhold, and D.M. Johnson. 2008. Transient synchronization following invasion: revisiting Moran's model and a case study. Population Ecology 50:379-389.
    • (2008) Population Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 379-389
    • Bjørnstad, O.N.1    Liebhold, A.M.2    Johnson, D.M.3
  • 13
    • 13944264350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasites and climate synchronize red grouse populations
    • Cattadori, I.M., D.T. Haydon, and P.J. Hudson. 2005. Parasites and climate synchronize red grouse populations. Nature 433:737-741.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 737-741
    • Cattadori, I.M.1    Haydon, D.T.2    Hudson, P.J.3
  • 14
    • 84902228465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes, mechanisms and consequences of dispersal
    • (ed. I. Hanski & O. Gaggiotti). Academic Press, London.
    • Clobert, J., R.A. Ims, and F. Rousset. 2004. Causes, mechanisms and consequences of dispersal. In Ecology, Genetics and Evolution of Metapopulations (ed. I. Hanski & O. Gaggiotti), pp. 307-336. Academic Press, London.
    • (2004) In Ecology, Genetics and Evolution of Metapopulations , pp. 307-336
    • Clobert, J.1    Ims, R.A.2    Rousset, F.3
  • 16
    • 33645879213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of forest tent caterpillar outbreaks in Quebec, Canada
    • Cooke, B.J., and F. Lorenzetti. 2006. The dynamics of forest tent caterpillar outbreaks in Quebec, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management 226:110-121.
    • (2006) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.226 , pp. 110-121
    • Cooke, B.J.1    Lorenzetti, F.2
  • 17
    • 77957743187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchrony of population dynamics of two vineyard arthropods occurs at multiple spatial and temporal scales
    • De Valpine, P., K. Scranton, and C.P. Ohmart. 2010. Synchrony of population dynamics of two vineyard arthropods occurs at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Ecological Applications 20:1926-1935.
    • (2010) Ecological Applications , vol.20 , pp. 1926-1935
    • De Valpine, P.1    Scranton, K.2    Ohmart, C.P.3
  • 18
    • 4344580682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peromyscus leucopus abundance and acorn mast: population fluctuation patterns over 20 years
    • Elias, S.P., J.W. Witham, and M.L. Hunter. 2004. Peromyscus leucopus abundance and acorn mast: population fluctuation patterns over 20 years. Journal of Mammalogy 85:743-747.
    • (2004) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.85 , pp. 743-747
    • Elias, S.P.1    Witham, J.W.2    Hunter, M.L.3
  • 19
    • 7244256008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regionalization of disturbance-induced nitrogen leakage from mid-Appalachian forests using a linear systems model
    • Eshleman, K.N., D.A. Fiscus, N.M. Castro, J.R. Webb, and A.T. Herlihy. 2004. Regionalization of disturbance-induced nitrogen leakage from mid-Appalachian forests using a linear systems model. Hydrological Processes 18:2713-2725.
    • (2004) Hydrological Processes , vol.18 , pp. 2713-2725
    • Eshleman, K.N.1    Fiscus, D.A.2    Castro, N.M.3    Webb, J.R.4    Herlihy, A.T.5
  • 20
    • 78751693247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase locking, the Moran effect and distance decay of synchrony: experimental tests in a model system
    • Fox, J.W., D.A. Vasseur, S. Hausch, and J. Roberts. 2011. Phase locking, the Moran effect and distance decay of synchrony: experimental tests in a model system. Ecology Letters 14:163-168.
    • (2011) Ecology Letters , vol.14 , pp. 163-168
    • Fox, J.W.1    Vasseur, D.A.2    Hausch, S.3    Roberts, J.4
  • 22
    • 0025229531 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent suppression of experimentally created gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations by natural enemies
    • Gould, J.R., Elkinton, J.S., and Wallner, W.E. 1990. Density-dependent suppression of experimentally created gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations by natural enemies. Journal of Animal Ecology 59:213-233.
    • (1990) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 213-233
    • Gould, J.R.1    Elkinton, J.S.2    Wallner, W.E.3
  • 24
    • 0027870943 scopus 로고
    • Spatial synchrony in the dynamics of moth and aphid populations
    • Hanski, I., and I.P. Woiwod. 1993. Spatial synchrony in the dynamics of moth and aphid populations. Journal of Animal Ecology 62:656-668.
    • (1993) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 656-668
    • Hanski, I.1    Woiwod, I.P.2
  • 25
    • 0000289793 scopus 로고
    • Stability in insect host-parasite models
    • Hassell, M.P., and R.M. May. 1973. Stability in insect host-parasite models. Journal of Animal Ecology 43:567-594.
    • (1973) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 567-594
    • Hassell, M.P.1    May, R.M.2
  • 26
    • 0031679412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcontinental crashes of insect populations?
    • Hawkins, B.A., & Holyoak, M. 1998 Transcontinental crashes of insect populations? American Naturalist 152:480-484.
    • (1998) American Naturalist , vol.152 , pp. 480-484
    • Hawkins, B.A.1    Holyoak, M.2
  • 27
    • 72449193881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial synchrony propagates through a forest food web via consumer-resource interactions
    • Haynes, K.J., A.M. Liebhold T.M. Fearer, G. Wang, G.W. Norman, and D.M. Johnson. 2009. Spatial synchrony propagates through a forest food web via consumer-resource interactions. Ecology 90:2974-2983.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 2974-2983
    • Haynes, K.J.1    Liebhold, A.M.2    Fearer, T.M.3    Wang, G.4    Norman, G.W.5    Johnson, D.M.6
  • 28
    • 0242668406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic impact of Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on California avocado production
    • Hoddle, M.S., K.M. Jetter, and J.G. Morse. 2003. The economic impact of Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on California avocado production. Crop Protection 22:485-493.
    • (2003) Crop Protection , vol.22 , pp. 485-493
    • Hoddle, M.S.1    Jetter, K.M.2    Morse, J.G.3
  • 29
    • 0001380755 scopus 로고
    • Price and welfare effects of catastrophic forest damage from southern pine beetle epidemics
    • Holmes, T.P. 1991. Price and welfare effects of catastrophic forest damage from southern pine beetle epidemics. Forest Science 37:500-516.
    • (1991) Forest Science , vol.37 , pp. 500-516
    • Holmes, T.P.1
  • 31
    • 0034626803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial synchronization of vole population dynamics by predatory birds
    • Ims, R.A, and Andreassen, H.P. 2000. Spatial synchronization of vole population dynamics by predatory birds. Nature 408:194-196.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 194-196
    • Ims, R.A.1    Andreassen, H.P.2
  • 33
    • 0002620821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Condition dependent dispersal
    • In Dispersal, ed. J. Clobert, J. D. Nichols, E. Dancin & A. Dhondt, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • Ims, R. A., and D.Ø. Hjermann. 2001. Condition dependent dispersal. In Dispersal, ed. J. Clobert, J. D. Nichols, E. Dancin & A. Dhondt, pp. 203-216. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (2001) , pp. 203-216
    • Ims, R.A.1    Hjermann, D.Ø.2
  • 34
    • 0025204970 scopus 로고
    • Geographical synchrony in microtine population-cycles-a theoretical evaluation of the role of nomadic avian predators
    • Ims, R. A., and H. Steen. 1990. Geographical synchrony in microtine population-cycles-a theoretical evaluation of the role of nomadic avian predators. Oikos 57:381-387.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.57 , pp. 381-387
    • Ims, R.A.1    Steen, H.2
  • 35
    • 0033011784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase locking: another cause of synchronicity in predator-prey systems
    • Jansen, V.A.A. 1999. Phase locking: another cause of synchronicity in predator-prey systems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:278-279.
    • (1999) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.14 , pp. 278-279
    • Jansen, V.A.A.1
  • 36
    • 5344240395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape geometry and travelling waves in the larch budmoth
    • Johnson, D. M., O. N. Bjørnstad, and A. M. Liebhold. 2004. Landscape geometry and travelling waves in the larch budmoth. Ecology Letters 7:967-974.
    • (2004) Ecology Letters , vol.7 , pp. 967-974
    • Johnson, D.M.1    Bjørnstad, O.N.2    Liebhold, A.M.3
  • 38
    • 33645463831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation in the periodicity of gypsy moth outbreaks
    • Johnson, D.M., A.M. Liebhold, and O.N. Bjørnstad. 2006. Geographical variation in the periodicity of gypsy moth outbreaks. Ecography 29:367-374.
    • (2006) Ecography , vol.29 , pp. 367-374
    • Johnson, D.M.1    Liebhold, A.M.2    Bjørnstad, O.N.3
  • 40
    • 0033016226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial autocorrelation of ecological phenomena
    • Koenig, W. D. 1999. Spatial autocorrelation of ecological phenomena. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:2226.
    • (1999) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.14 , pp. 2226
    • Koenig, W.D.1
  • 41
    • 0036258794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of environmental synchrony and the Moran effect
    • Koenig, W. D. 2002. Global patterns of environmental synchrony and the Moran effect. Ecography 25:283-288.
    • (2002) Ecography , vol.25 , pp. 283-288
    • Koenig, W.D.1
  • 42
    • 0001086017 scopus 로고
    • Elevated parasitism in artificially augmented populations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae)
    • Liebhold, A.M., and J.S. Elkinton. 1989. Elevated parasitism in artificially augmented populations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae). Environmental Entomology 18:988-995.
    • (1989) Environmental Entomology , vol.18 , pp. 988-995
    • Liebhold, A.M.1    Elkinton, J.S.2
  • 46
    • 33645472246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in density-dependent dynamics impacts the synchronizing effect of dispersal and regional stochasticity
    • Liebhold, A.M., D.M. Johnson, and O.N. Bjørnstad. 2006. Geographic variation in density-dependent dynamics impacts the synchronizing effect of dispersal and regional stochasticity. Population Ecology 48:131-113.
    • (2006) Population Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 131-113
    • Liebhold, A.M.1    Johnson, D.M.2    Bjørnstad, O.N.3
  • 48
    • 38249014866 scopus 로고
    • Forest visual resources and pest management: potential applications of visualization technology
    • Lynch, A.M., and M.J. Twery. 1992. Forest visual resources and pest management: potential applications of visualization technology. Landscape and Urban Planning 21:319-321.
    • (1992) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.21 , pp. 319-321
    • Lynch, A.M.1    Twery, M.J.2
  • 49
    • 0031952523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and insects in northern and boreal forest ecosystems of North America
    • McCullough, D.G., R.A. Werner, and D. Neumann. 1998. Fire and insects in northern and boreal forest ecosystems of North America. Annual Review of Entomology 43:107-127.
    • (1998) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.43 , pp. 107-127
    • McCullough, D.G.1    Werner, R.A.2    Neumann, D.3
  • 50
    • 0033971236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of acorn crops on annual variation in rodent and bird populations
    • McShea, W. M. 2000. The influence of acorn crops on annual variation in rodent and bird populations. Ecology 81:228-238.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 228-238
    • McShea, W.M.1
  • 51
    • 84970549127 scopus 로고
    • The statistical analysis of the Canadian lynx cycle II Synchronization and meteorology
    • Moran, P.A. 1953. The statistical analysis of the Canadian lynx cycle. II. Synchronization and meteorology. Australian Journal of Zoology 1:291-298.
    • (1953) Australian Journal of Zoology , vol.1 , pp. 291-298
    • Moran, P.A.1
  • 52
    • 0024901922 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation by parasitoids and predators: effects on equilibrium and stability
    • Murdoch, W.W., and A. Stewart-Oaten. 1989. Aggregation by parasitoids and predators: effects on equilibrium and stability. American Naturalist 134:288-310.
    • (1989) American Naturalist , vol.134 , pp. 288-310
    • Murdoch, W.W.1    Stewart-Oaten, A.2
  • 53
    • 0031853056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchrony in outbreaks of forest Lepidoptera: a possible example of the Moran effect
    • Myers, J.H. 1998 Synchrony in outbreaks of forest Lepidoptera: a possible example of the Moran effect. Ecology 79:1111-1117.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 1111-1117
    • Myers, J.H.1
  • 54
    • 8144230049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing dynamics with the correct rates: Inverse problems using semiparametric approaches
    • Nelson, W. A., E. McCauley, and J. Wimbert. 2004. Capturing dynamics with the correct rates: Inverse problems using semiparametric approaches. Ecology 85:889-903.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 889-903
    • Nelson, W.A.1    McCauley, E.2    Wimbert, J.3
  • 56
    • 4243076478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of mice and mast: ecological connections in eastern deciduous forests
    • Ostfeld, R.S., C.G. Jones, and J.O. Wolff. 1996. Of mice and mast: ecological connections in eastern deciduous forests. BioScience 46:323-330.
    • (1996) BioScience , vol.46 , pp. 323-330
    • Ostfeld, R.S.1    Jones, C.G.2    Wolff, J.O.3
  • 57
    • 0030618427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of natural enemies to experimentally increased populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria
    • Parry D., J.R. Spence, and W.J.A. Volney. 1997. Responses of natural enemies to experimentally increased populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria. Ecological Entomology 22:97-108.
    • (1997) Ecological Entomology , vol.22 , pp. 97-108
    • Parry, D.1    Spence, J.R.2    Volney, W.J.A.3
  • 58
    • 0037971466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial synchrony in forest insect outbreaks: roles of regional stochasticity and dispersal
    • Peltonen, M., Liebhold, A.M., O.N. Bjornstad, and D.W. Williams. 2002 Spatial synchrony in forest insect outbreaks: roles of regional stochasticity and dispersal. Ecology 83:3120-3129.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 3120-3129
    • Peltonen, M.1    Liebhold, A.M.2    Bjornstad, O.N.3    Williams, D.W.4
  • 59
    • 79951480123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
    • R Development Core Team. 2010. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. http://www.r-project.org
    • (2010) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 60
    • 0030881139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of Canadian lynx populations in space and time
    • Ranta, E., V. Kaitala, and J. Lindstrom. 1997. Dynamics of Canadian lynx populations in space and time. Ecography 20:454-460.
    • (1997) Ecography , vol.20 , pp. 454-460
    • Ranta, E.1    Kaitala, V.2    Lindstrom, J.3
  • 63
    • 18444398994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of spruce budworm outbreak cycles in New Brunswick, Canada, since 1952
    • Royama, T., W.E. MacKinnon, E.G. Kettela, N.E. Carter, and L.K. Hartling. 2005. Analysis of spruce budworm outbreak cycles in New Brunswick, Canada, since 1952. Ecology 86:1212-1224.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1212-1224
    • Royama, T.1    MacKinnon, W.E.2    Kettela, E.G.3    Carter, N.E.4    Hartling, L.K.5
  • 64
    • 1542319163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masting and trophic cascades: interplay between rowan trees, apple fruit moth, and their parasitoid in southern Norway
    • Satake, A., O.N. Bjørnstad, and S. Kobro. 2004. Masting and trophic cascades: interplay between rowan trees, apple fruit moth, and their parasitoid in southern Norway. Oikos 104:540-550.
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.104 , pp. 540-550
    • Satake, A.1    Bjørnstad, O.N.2    Kobro, S.3
  • 65
    • 42249088762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical and behavioral effects within a pulse-driven system: consequences for direct and indirect interactions among shared prey
    • Schmidt, K.A., and R.S. Ostfeld. 2007. Numerical and behavioral effects within a pulse-driven system: consequences for direct and indirect interactions among shared prey. Ecology 89:635-646.
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 635-646
    • Schmidt, K.A.1    Ostfeld, R.S.2
  • 66
    • 17044379865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can sunspot activity and ultraviolet-B radiation explain cyclic outbreaks of forest moth pest species?
    • Selås, V., O. Hogstad, S. Kobro, and T. Rafoss. 2004. Can sunspot activity and ultraviolet-B radiation explain cyclic outbreaks of forest moth pest species? Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 271:1897-1901.
    • (2004) Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences , vol.271 , pp. 1897-1901
    • Selås, V.1    Hogstad, O.2    Kobro, S.3    Rafoss, T.4
  • 68
    • 0022194539 scopus 로고
    • Wildlife and the gypsy moth
    • Smith, H.R.1985. Wildlife and the gypsy moth. Wildlife Society Bulletin 13:166-174.
    • (1985) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.13 , pp. 166-174
    • Smith, H.R.1
  • 70
    • 0024179618 scopus 로고
    • Spatial density dependence in parasitoids
    • Walde, S., and W.W. Murdoch. 1988. Spatial density dependence in parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology 33:441-466.
    • (1988) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.33 , pp. 441-466
    • Walde, S.1    Murdoch, W.W.2
  • 71
    • 0029862335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population fluctuations of mast-eating rodents are correlated with production of acorns
    • Wolff, J.O. 1996. Population fluctuations of mast-eating rodents are correlated with production of acorns. Journal of Mammalogy 77:850-856.
    • (1996) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.77 , pp. 850-856
    • Wolff, J.O.1
  • 72
    • 1842483410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis: scaling relations
    • Wu, J. 2004. Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis: scaling relations. Landscape Ecology 19:125-138.
    • (2004) Landscape Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 125-138
    • Wu, J.1
  • 73
    • 0025925797 scopus 로고
    • Small mammal abundance and habitat relationships on deciduous forested sites with different susceptibility to gypsy-moth defoliation
    • Yahner, R.H., and H.R. Smith. 1991. Small mammal abundance and habitat relationships on deciduous forested sites with different susceptibility to gypsy-moth defoliation. Environmental Management 15:113-120.
    • (1991) Environmental Management , vol.15 , pp. 113-120
    • Yahner, R.H.1    Smith, H.R.2
  • 74
    • 0023519735 scopus 로고
    • Nomadic predators and geographical synchrony in microtine population cycles
    • Ydenberg, R.C. 1987. Nomadic predators and geographical synchrony in microtine population cycles. Oikos 50:270-272.
    • (1987) Oikos , vol.50 , pp. 270-272
    • Ydenberg, R.C.1
  • 75
    • 0038677081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial synchrony of the two-year cycle budworm outbreaks in central British Columbia, Canada
    • Zhang, Q.B., and R.I. Alfaro. 2003. Spatial synchrony of the two-year cycle budworm outbreaks in central British Columbia, Canada. Oikos 102:146-154.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.102 , pp. 146-154
    • Zhang, Q.B.1    Alfaro, R.I.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.