Invertebrate FMRFamide related peptides

Protein and Peptide Letters

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 647-670

  Krajniak, Kevin G ^a  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY EDWARDSVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

Annelida; Arthropoda; Cnidaria; FaRPs; FMRFamide; Mollusca; Nematoda; Platyhelminthes

Indexed keywords

NEUROHORMONE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; PHENYLALANYLMETHIONYLARGINYLPHENYLALANINAMIDE; PHENYLALANYLMETHIONYLARGINYLPHENYLALANINAMIDE LIKE PEPTIDE;

ANNELID; ARTHROPOD; ARTICLE; BODY MOVEMENT; CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; CIRCULATION; CLAM; CNIDARIA; DIGESTION; FOOD INTAKE; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY; INVERTEBRATE; METAMORPHOSIS; MOLLUSC; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NEMATODE; NONHUMAN; ONYCHOPHORA; PHYLUM; PLATYHELMINTH; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN ISOLATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REPRODUCTION; SENSATION; SPAWNING;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; FMRFAMIDE; INVERTEBRATES; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NEUROPEPTIDES;

EID: 84877947826     PISSN: 09298665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/0929866511320060005     Document Type: Article

References (230)

1. Price, D.A.; Greenberg, M.J. Structure of a molluscan cardioexcitatory neuropeptide. Science, 1977, 97, 670-671.
2. Price, D.A.; Greenberg, M.J. Purification and characterization of a cardioexcitatory neuropeptide from the central gangilia of a bivalve mollusk. Prep. Biochem., 1977, 7, 261-281.
3. Price, D.A. and M.J. Greenberg. The hunting of the FaRPs: The distribution of FMRFamide-related peptides. Biol. Bull., 1989, 177, 198-205.
4. Espinoza, E.; Carrigan, M.; Thomas, S.G.; Shaw, G.; Edison, A.S. A statistical view of FMRFamide neuropeptide diversity. Mol. Neurobiol., 2000, 21, 35-56.
5. Walker, R.J.; Papaioannou, S.; Holden-Dye, L. A review of FMRFamide-and RFamide-like peptides in the metazoa. Invert. Neurosci., 2009, 9, 111-153.
6. Nässel D.R.; Wegener, C. A comparative review of short and long peptide F signaling in invertebrates: Any similarities to vertebrate neuropeptide Y signaling. Peptides, 2011, 32, 1335-1355.
7. Pecheneck, J.A. Biology of the Invertebrates, 6th ed.; MGraw-Hill: New York, 2010.
8. Anderson, P.A.; Thompson, L.F.; Moneypenny, C.G. Evidence for a common pattern of peptidergic innervation of cnidocytes. Biol. Bull., 2004, 207, 141-146.
9. Kass-Simon, G.; Pierobon, P. Cnidarian chemical neurotransmission, an updated overview. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 2007, 146, 9-25.
10. Moosler, A.; Rhinehart, K.L.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. Isolation of three novel peptides, the Cyanea-RFamides I-III, from scyphomedusae. Biochem. Biohys. Res. Commun., 1997, 236, 743-749.
11. Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P.; Hahn, M.; Rinehart, K.L.; Spencer, A.N. Isolation of Glu-Leu-Gly-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2. Brain Res., 1988, 475, 198-203.
12. Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P.; Rinehart, K.L.; Spencer, A.N. Isolation of the neuropeptide
13. Moosler, A.; Rhinehart, K.L.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. Isolation of four novel neuropeptides, the Hydra-RFamides I-IV, from Hydra magnipapillata. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1996, 229, 596-602.
14. Darmer, D.; Hauser, F.; Nothacker, H.P.; Bosch, T.C.G.; Williamson, M.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. Three different prohormones yield a variety of Hydra-RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) neuropeptides in Hydra magnipapillata. Biochem. J., 1998, 332, 403-412.
15. Fujisawa, T. Hydra peptide project 1993-2007. Dev. Growth Differ., 2008, 50, S257-S268.
16. Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P.; Graff, D. Isolation of
17. Anctil, M. Chemical transmission in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis: A genomic perspective. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D, 2009, 4, 268-289.
18. Yasuda, A.; Naya, Y.; Nakanishi, K. Isolation of Antho-RFamide related peptides from the eyestalks of blue crab. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, 1993, 104, 235-240.
19. Darmer, D.; Schmutzler, C.; Diekhoff, D.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. Primary structure of the precursor for the sea anemone neuropeptide Antho-RFamide (
20. Schmutzler, C.; Darmer, D.; Diekhoff, D.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. Identification of a novel type of processing sites in the precursor for the sea anemone neuropeptide Antho-RFamide (
21. Reinscheid, R.K.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J. Primary structure of the precursor for the anthozoan neuropeptide antho-RFamide from Renilla kollikeri: evidence for unusual processing enzymes. J. Neurochem., 1994, 62, 1214-1222.
22. Schmutzler, C.; Diekhoff, D.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. The primary structure of the Pol-RFamide neuropeptide precursor protein from the hydromedusa Polyorchis penicillatus indicates a novel processing proteinase activity. Biochem. J., 1994, 299, 431-436.
23. Darmer, D.; Hauser, F.; Nothacker, H.P.; Bosch, T.C.G.; Williamson, M.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P.; Three different prohormones yield a variety of Hydra-RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) neuropeptides in Hydra magnipapillata. Biochem. J., 1998, 332, 403-412.
24. McFarlane, I.D.; Graff, D.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. Excitatory actions of Antho-RFamide, an anthozoan neuropeptide, on muscles and conducting systems in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica. J. Exp. Biol., 1987, 133, 157-168.
25. Anctil, M.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J. Exitatory action of the native neuropeptide Antho-RFamide on muscles in the pennatulid Renilla kollikeri. Gen. Pharmacol., 1989, 20, 381-384.
26. Shimizu, H.; Fujisawa, T. Peduncle of Hydra and the heart of higher organisms share a common ancestral origin. Genesis, 2003, 36, 182-186.
27. Nakanishi, N.; Hartenstein, V.; Jacobs, D.K. Development of the rhopalial nervous system in Aurelia sp.1 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Dev. Genes Evol., 2009, 219, 301-317.
28. Tremblay, M.E.; Henry, J.; Anctil, M. Spawning and gamete follicle rupture in the cnidarian Renilla koellikeri: Effects of putative neurohormones. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2004, 137, 9-18.
29. Katsukura, Y.; Ando, H. David, C.N.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.; Sugiyama, T. Control of planula migration by LWamide andRFamide neuropeptides in Hydractinia echinata. J. Exp. Biol., 2004, 207, 1803-1810.
30. Katsukura, Y.; David, C.N.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.; Sugiyama, T. Inhibition of metamorphosis by RFamide neuropeptides in planula larvae of Hydractini echinata. Dev. Gene Evol., 2003, 213, 579-586.
31. Golubovic, A.; Kuhn, A.; Williamson, M.; Kalbacher, H.; Holstein, T.W.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.; Gründer, S. A peptide-gated ion channel from the freshwater polyp Hydra. J. Biol. Chem., 2007, 282, 35098-35103.
32. Dürrnagel, S.; Kuhn , A.; Tsiairis, C.D.; Williamson, M.; Kalbacher, H.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.; Holstein, T.W.; Gründer, S. Three homologous subunits form a high affinity peptide-gated ion channel in Hydra. J. Biol. Chem., 2010, 285, 11958-11965.
33. Shaw, C.; Maule, A.G.; Halton, D.W. Platyhelminth FMRFamiderelated peptides. Int. J. Parasitol., 1996, 26, 335-345.
34. McVeigh, P.; Mair, G.R.; Atkinson, L.; Ladurner, P.; Zamanian, M.; Novozhilova, E.; Marks, N.J.; Day, T.A.; Maule, A.G. Discovery of multiple neuropeptide families in the phylum platyhelminthes. Int. J. Parasitol., 2009, 39, 1243-1252.
35. Johnston, R.N.; Shaw, C.; Halton, D.W.; Verhaert, P.; Blair, K.L.; Brennan, G.P.; Price, D.A.; Anderson, P. A. Isolation, localization, and bioactivity of the FMRFamide-related neuropeptides GYIRFamide and YIRFamide from the marine turbellarian Bdelloura candida. J. Neurochem., 1996, 67, 814-821.
36. Johnston, R.N.; Shaw, C.; Halton, D.W.; Verhaert, P.; Baguna, J. GYIRFamide: A novel FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP) from the triclad turbellarian, Dugesia tigirina. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 1995, 209, 689-697.
37. Maule, A.G.; Shaw, C.; Halton, W.D.; Curry, W.J.; Thim, L. RYIRFamide: A turbellarian FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP). Regul. Pept., 1994, 50, 37-43.
38. Maule, A.G.; Shaw, C.; Halton, D.W.; Thim, L. GNFFRFamide: a novel FMRFamide-immunoreactive peptide isolated from the sheep tapeworm, Moniezia expansa. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1993, 193, 1054-1060.
39. Day, T.A.; Maule, A.G.; Shaw, C.; Halton, D.W.; Moore, S.; Bennett, J.L.; Pax, R.A. Platyhelminth FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) contract Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Digenea) muscle fibres in vitro. Parasitology, 1994, 109, 455-459.
40. Graham, M.K.; Fairweather, I.; McGeown, J.G. The effects of FaRPs on the motility of isolated muscle strips from the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology, 1997, 114, 455-465.
41. Day, T.A.; Maule, A.G.; Shaw, C.; Pax, R.A. Structure-activity relationships of FMRFamide-related peptides contracting Schistosoma mansoni muscle. Peptides, 1997, 18, 917-921.
42. Marks, N.J.; Johnson, S.; Maule, A.G.; Halton, D.W.; Shaw, C.; Geary, T.G.; Moore, S.; Thompson, D.P. Physiological effects of latyhelminth RFamide peptides on muscle-strip preparations of Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea). Parasitology, 1996, 113, 393-401.
43. Moneypenny, C.G.; Maule, A.G.; Shaw, C.; Day, T.A.; Pax, T.A.; Halton, D.W. Physiological effects of platyhelminth FMRFamiderelated peptides (FaRPs) on the motility of the monogenean Diclidopjora merlangi. Parasitology, 1997, 115, 281-288.
44. Day, T.A.; Maule, A.G. Parasitic peptides! The structure and function of neuropeptides in parasitic worms. Peptides, 1999, 20, 999-1019.
45. Moneypenny, C.G.; Kreshchenko, N.; Moffett, C.L.; Halton, D.W.; Maule, A.G. Physiological effects of FMRFamide-related peptides and classical transmitters on dispersed muscle fibres of the turbellarian, Procerodes littoralis. Parasitology, 2001, 122, 447-455.
46. Hrckova, G.; Velenbny, S.; Halton, D.W.; Maule, A.G. Mesocestoides corti (syn. M. vogae): Modulation of larval motility by neuropeptides, serotonin, and acetylcholine. Parasitology, 2002, 124, 409-421.
47. Graham, M.K.; Fairweather, I.; McGeown, J.G. Second messengers mechanical responses to the FaRP GYIRFamide in the fluke Fasciola hepatica. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integ. Comp. Physiol., 2000, 279, R2089-R2094.
48. Novozhilova , E.; Kimber, M.J.; Qian, H.; McVeigh, P.; Robertson, A.P.; Zamanian, M.; Maule, A.G.; Day, T.A. FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) enhance voltage-gated calcium currents to elicit muscle contraction in the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni LoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 2010, 4, e790. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000790
49. Omar, H.H.; Humphries, J.E.; Larsen, M.J.; Kubiak, T.M.; Geary, T.G.; Maule, A.G.; Kimber, M.J.; Day, T.A. Identification of a platyhelminth neuropeptide receptor. Int. J. Parasitol., 2007, 37, 725-733.
50. McVeigh, P.; Leech, S.; Mair, G.R.; Marks, N.J.; Geary T.G.; Maule. A.G. Analysis of FMRFamide-like peptide (FLP) diversity in phylum Nematoda. Int. J. Parasitol., 2005, 35, 1043-1060.
51. Yew, J.Y.; Kutz, K.K.; Dikler, S. Messinger, L.; Li, L.; Stretton, A.O.W. Mass spectrometric map of neuropeptide expression in Ascaris suum. J. Comp. Neurol., 2005, 488, 396-413.
52. Li C.; Kim, K. Neuropeptides. In: WormBook (ed) The C. elegans research community, WormBook, 2008 doi:10.1895/wormbook. 1.142.1, http://www.wormbook.org
53. Cowden, C.; Stretton, A.O.W. AF2, an Ascaris neuropeptide: isolation, sequence and bioactivity. Peptides, 1993, 14, 423-430.
54. Cowden, C.; Stretton, A.O.W. Eight novel FMRFamide-like neuropeptides isolated from the nematode, Ascaris suum. Peptides, 1995, 16, 491-500.
55. Maule, A.G.; Shaw, C.; Bowman, J.W.; Halton, D.W.; Thompson, D.P.; Geary, T.G.; Thim, L. KSAYMRFamide: a novel FMRFamide-related heptapeptide from the free-living nematode, Panagrellus redivivus, which is myoactive in the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1994, 200, 973-980.
56. Li, C. The ever-expanding neuropeptide gene families in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Parasitology, 2005, 131, S109-S127.
57. Mousley, A.; Novozhilova, E.; Kimber, M.J.; Day, T.A. Neuropeptides in helminthes. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2010, 692, 78-97.
58. McVeigh, P.; Geary, T.G.; Marks, N.J.; Kimber, M.J.; Maule, A.G. The FLP-side of nematodes. Trends Parasitol., 2006, 22, 385-396.
59. Bowman, J.W.; Friedman, A.R.; Thompson, D.P.; Ichhpurani, A.K.; Kellman, M.F.; Marks, N.; Maule, A.G.; Geary, T.G. Structure-activity relationships of KNEFIRFamide (AF1), a nematode FMRFamide-related peptide, on Ascaris suum muscle. Peptides, 1996, 17, 381-387.
60. Cowden, C.; Stretton, A.O.; Davis, R.E. AF1, a sequenced bioactive neuropeptide isolated from the nematode Ascaris suum. Neuron, 1989, 2, 1465-1473.
61. Kimber, M.J.; McKinney, S.; McMaster, S.; Day, T.A.; Fleming, C.C.; Maule, A.G. flp gene disruption in a parasitic nematode reveals motor dysfunction and unusual neuronal sensitivity to RNA interference. FASEB J., 2007, 21, 1233-1243.
62. Maule, A.G.; Geary, T.G.; Bowman, J.W.; Marks, N.J.; Blair, K.L.; Halton, D.W.; Shaw, C.; Thompson, D.P. Inhibitory effects of nematode FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) on muscle strips from Ascaris suum. Invert. Neurosci., 1995, 1, 255-265.
63. Bowman, J.W.; Winterrowd, C.A.; Friedman, A.R.; Thompson, D.P.; Klein, R.D.; Davis, J.P.; Maule, A.G.; Blair, K.L.; Geary, T.G. Nitric oxide mediates the inhibitory effects of SDPNFLRFamide, a nematode FMRFamide-related peptide in Ascaris suum. J. Neurophysiol., 1995, 74, 1880-1888.
64. Bowman, J.W.; Friedman, A.R.; Thompson, D.P.; Maule, A.G.; Alexander-Bowman, S.J.; Geary, T.G. Structure-activity relationships of an inhibitory nematode FMRFamide-related peptide, SDPNFLRFamide (PF1), on Ascaris suum muscle. Int. J. Parasitol., 2002, 3, 1765-1771.
65. Kubiak, T.m.; Maule, A.G.; Marks, N.J.; Martin, R.A.; Weist, J.R. Importance of the proline residue to the functional activity and metabolic stability of the nematode FMRFamide-related peptide, KPNFIRFamide (PF4). Peptides, 1996, 17, 1267-1277.
66. Geary, T.G.; Bowman, J.W.; Friedman, A.R.; Maule, A.G.; David, J.; Winterrowd, C.W.; Klein, R.D.; Thompson, D.P. The pharmacology of FMRFamide-related neuropeptides in nematodes: new opportunities for rational anthelmintic discovery? Int. J. Parasitol., 1995, 25, 1273-1280.
67. Purcell, J.; Robertson, A.P.; Thompson, D.P.; Martin, R.J. The time-course of the response to the FMRFamide-related peptide PF4 in Ascaris suum muscle cells indicates direct gating of a chloride ion-channel. Parasitology, 2002, 124, 649-656
68. Marks, N.J.; Maule, A.G.; Halton, D.W.; Geary, T.G.; Shaw, C.; Thompson, D.P. Pharmacological effects of nematode FMRFamide related peptides (FaRPs) on muscle contractility of the trematode Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology, 1997, 114, 531-539.
69. Davis, R.E.; Stretton, A.O. The motornervous system of Ascaris: electrophysiology and anatomy of the neurons and their control by neuromodulators. Parasitology, 1996, 113, S97-S117.
70. Marks, N.J.; Maule, A.G. Neuropeptides in helminthes: occurrence and distribution. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2010, 692, 49-77.
71. Brownlee, D.J.A.; Holden-Dye, L.; Fairweather, I.; Walker, R.J. The action of serotonin and the nematode neuropeptide SAYMRFamide on the pharyngeal muscle of the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Parasitology, 1995, 111, 379-384.
72. Brownlee, D.J.; Walker, R.J. Actions of nematode FMRFamiderelated peptides on the pharyngeal muscle of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1999, 897, 228-238.
73. Rogers, C.M.; Franks, C.J.; Walker, R.J.; Burke, J.F.; Holden-Dye, L. Regulation of the pharynx of Caenorhabditis elegans by 5-HT, octopamine and FMRFamide-like neuropeptides. J. Neurobiol., 2001, 49, 235-244.
74. Papaioannou, S.; Marsden, D.; Franks, C.J.; Walker, R.J.; Holden-Dye, L. Role of a FMRFamide-like family of neuropeptides in the pharyngeal nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans. J. Neurobiol., 2005, 65, 304-319.
75. Fellowes, R.A.; Maule, A.G.; Marks, N.J.; Geary, T.G.; Thompson, D.P.; Halton, D.W. Nematode neuropeptide modulation of the vagina vera of Ascaris suum: in vitro effects of PF1, PF2, PF4, AF3 and AF4. Parasitology, 2000, 120, 79-89.
76. Moffett, C.L.; Beckett, A.M.; Mousley, A.; Geary, T.G.; Marks, N.J.; Halton, D.W.; Thompson, D.P.; Maule, A.G. The ovijector of Ascaris suum: multiple response types revealed by Caenorhabditis elegans FMRFamide-related peptides. Int. J. Parasitol., 2003, 33, 859-876.
77. Thompson, D.P.; Davis, J.P.; Larsen, M.J.; Coscarelli, E.M.; Zinser, E.W.; Bowman, J.W.; Alexaner-Bowman, S.J., Marks, N.J.; Geary, T.G. Effects of KHEYLRFamide and KNEFIRFamide on cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in Ascaris suum somatic muscle. Int. J. Parasitol., 2003, 33, 199-208.
78. Papaioannou, S.; Holden-Dye, L.; Walker, R.J. Evidence for a role for cyclic AMP in modulating the action of 5-HT and an excitatory neuropeptide, FLP17A, in the pharyngeal muscle of Caenorhabditis elegans. Invert. Neurosci., 2008, 8, 91-100.
79. Krajniak, K.G.; Price, D.A. Authentic FMRFamide is present in the polychaete Nereis virens. Peptides 1990, 11, 75-77.
80. Baratte, B.; Gras-Masse, H.; Ricart, G.; Bulet, P.; Dhainaut-Courtois, N. Isolation and characterization of authentic Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 and the novel Phe-Thr-Arg-Phe-NH2 peptide from Nereis diversicolor. Eur. J. Biochem., 1991, 198, 627-633.
81. Veensstra, J.A. Neuropeptide evolution: Neurohormones and neuropeptides predicted from the genomes of Capitella teleta and Helobdella robusta. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2011, 171, 160-175.
82. Evans, B.D.; Pohl, J.; Kartsonis, N.A.; Calabrese, R.L. Identification of RFamide neuropeptides in the medicinal leech. Peptides, 1991, 12, 897-908.
83. Salzet, M.; Bulet, P.; Wattez, C.; Malecha, J. FMRFamide-related peptides in the sex segmental ganglia of the pharyngobdellid leech Erpobdella octoculata. Eur. J. Biochem., 1994, 221, 269-275.
84. Kuhlman, J.R.; Li, C.; Calabrese, R.L. FMRF-amide-like substances in the leech. I. Immunocytochemical localization. J. Neurosci., 1985, 5, 2301-2309.
85. Kuhlman, J.R.; Li, C.; Calabrese, R.L. FMRF-amide-like substances in the leech. II. Bioactivity on the heartbeat system. J. Neurosci., 1985, 5, 2310-2317.
86. Diaz-Miranda, G.; de Motta, E.; Garcia-Arraras, J.E. Monoamines and neuropeptides as transmitters in the sedentary polychaete Sabellastarte magnifica: Actions on the longitudinal muscle of the body wall. J. Exp. Zool., 1992, 263, 54-67.
87. Norris, B. J. and R. L. Calabrese. Action of FMRFamide on longitudinal muscle of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis. J. Comp. Physiol., 1990, 167A, 211-224.
88. Csoknya, M.; Takacs, B.; Koza, A.; Denes, V.; Wilhelm, M.; Hiripi, L.; Kaslin, J.; Elekes, K. Neurochemical characterization of nervous elements innervating the body wall of earthworms (Lumbricus, Eisenia): Immunohistochemical and pharmacological studies. Cell Tissue Res., 2005, 321, 479-490.
89. Krajniak, K.G; Greenberg, M.J. The localization of FMRFamide in the nervous and somatic tissues of Nereis virens and its effects on the isolated esophagus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1992, 101C, 93-100.
90. Ukena, K.; Oumi, T.; Matsushima, O.; Takahashi, T.; Muneoka, Y.; Fujita, T.; Minakata, H.; Nomoto, K. Inhibitory pentapeptides isolated from the gut of the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1996, 114A, 245-249.
91. Krajniak, K.G.; Klohr, R.W. The effects of FMRFamide, serotonin, and acetylcholine on the isolated crop-gizzard of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1999, 123A, 409-415.
92. O'Gara, B.A.; Brown, P.L.; Dlugosch, D.; Kandiel, A.; Ku, J.W.; Geier, J.K.; Henggeler, N.C.; Abbasi, A.; Kounalakis, N. Regulation of pharyngeal motility by FMRFamide and related peptides in the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Invert. Neurosci., 1999, 4, 41-53.
93. Wenning, A.; Cahill, M.A.; Hoeger, U.; Calabrese, R.L. Sensory and neurosecretory innervation of leech nephridia is accomplished by a single neurone containing FMRFamide. J. Exp. Biol., 1993, 182, 81-96.
94. Lopez-Vera, E.; Aguilar, M.B.; Heimer de la Cotera, E.P. FMRFamide and related peptides in the phylum mollusca. Peptides, 2008, 29, 310-317.
95. Price, D.A. Evolution of a molluscan cardioregulatory neuropeptide. Am. Zool., 1986, 26, 1007-1015.
96. Loi, P.K.; Tublitz, N. Molecular analysis of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. J. Exp. Biol., 1997, 200, 1483-1489.
97. Sweedler, J.V.; Li, L.; Floyd, P.; Gilly, W. Mass spectrometric survey of peptides in cephalopods with an emphasis on the FMRFamide-related peptides. J. Exp. Biol., 2000, 203, 3565-3573.
98. Wollesen, T.; Cummins, S.F.; Degnan, B.M.; Wanninger, A. FMRFamide gene and peptide expression during central nervous system development of the cephalopod mollusk, Idiosepius notoides. Evol. Dev., 2010, 12, 113-130.
99. Martin, R.; Voigt, K.H. The neurosecretory system of the octopus vena cava: a neurohemal organ. Experientia, 1987, 43, 537-543.
100. Favrel, P.; Lelong, C.; Mathieu, M. Structure of the cDNA encoding the precursor for the neuropeptide FMRFamide in the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulis. Neuroreport, 1998, 9, 2961-2965.
101. Minakata H.; Ikeda, T.; Fujita, T.; Kiss, T.; Hiripi, L.; Muneoka, Y.; Nomoto, K. In: Peptide Chemistry, Yanaihara, Ed.; Neuropeptides isolated from Helix pomatia Part 2. FMRFamide-related peptides, S-Iamide peptides, FR peptides and others. In: Yanaihara N (ed) Peptide chemistry. ESCOM Science Publ. B.V, Leiden, 1992, pp 579-582
102. Saunders, S.E.; Bright, K.; Kellett, E.; Benjamin P.R.; Burke, J.F. Neuropeptides, Gly-Asp-Pro-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2 and Ser-Asp-Pro-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe- NH2 (SDPFLRFamide) are encoded by an exon 30 to the Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. J. Neurosci., 1991, 11, 740-745.
103. Price, D.A.; Lesser, W.; Lee, T.D.; Doble. K.E.; Greenberg, M.J. Seven FMRFamide-related and two SCP-related cardioactive peptides from Helix. J. Exp. Biol., 1990, 154, 421-437.
104. Price, D.A.; Cottrell, G.A.; Doble, K.E.; Greenberg, M.J.; Jorenby, W.; Lehman, H.K.; Rheim, J.P. A novel FMRFamide-related peptide in Helix: pQDPFLRFamide. Biol. Bull., 1985, 169, 256-266.
105. Cummins, S.F.; Tollenaere, A.; Degnan, B.M.; Croll, R.P. Molecular analysis of two FMRFamide-encoding transcripts expressed during the development of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina. J. Comp. Neurol., 2011, 519, 2043-2059.
106. Veenstra, J.A. Neurohormones and neuropeptides encoded by the genome of Lottia gigantea, with reference to other mollusks and insects. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2010, 167, 86-103.
107. Kanda, T.Y.; Kuroki, I.; Muneoka, Y.; Kobayashi, M. Neuropeptides isolated from the ganglia of a prosobranch mollusk, Fusinus ferrugineus. In: Yanaihara N (ed) Peptide Chemistry 1989. Protein Res. Foundation, Osaka, 1990, pp 39-44.
108. Linacre, A.; Kellett, E.; Saunders, S.; Bright, K.; Benjamin, P.R.; Burke, J.F. Cardioactive neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) and novel related peptides are encoded in multiple copies by a single gene in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. J. Neurosci., 1990, 10, 412-419.
109. Kellett, E.; Saunders, S.E.; Li, K.W.; Staddon, J.W.; Benjamin, P.R.; Burke, JF. Genomic organization of the FMRFamide gene in Lymnaea: multiple exons encoding novel neuropeptides. J. Neurosci., 1994, 14, 6564-6570.
110. Lutz, E.M.; MacDonald, M.; Hettle, S. Price, D.A.; Cottrell, G.A.; Sommerville, J. Structure of DNA clones and genomic DNA encoding FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) in Helix neurones. Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 1992, 3, 373-382.
111. Worster, B.M.; Yeoman, M.S.; Benjamin, P.R. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometric analysis of the pattern of peptide expression in single neurones resulting from alternative mRNA splicing of the FMRFamide gene. Eur. J. Neurosci., 1998, 10, 3498-3507.
112. De With, N.D.; van der Schors, R.C. SKPYMRFamide, a novel FMRFamide-related peptide in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Neuroreport, 1992, 3, 612-614 .
113. Maillo, M.; Aguilar, M.B.; Lopez-Vera, E.; Craig, A.G.; Bulaj, G.; Olivera, B.M.; Heimer de la Cotera, E.P. Conorfamide, a Conus venom peptide belonging to the RFamide family of neuropeptides. Toxicon, 2002, 40, 401-407.
114. Fujisawa, Y.; Ikeda, T.; Nomoto, K.; Yasuda-Kamatani, Y.; Minakata, H.; Kenny, P.T.M.; Kubota, I.; Muneoka, Y. The FMRFamiderelated decapeptide of Mytilus contains a D-amino acid residue. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1992, 102C, 91-95.
115. Santama, N.; Li, K.W.; Bright, K.E.; Yeoman, M.; Geraerts, W.P.;Benjamin, P.R.; Burke, J.F. Processing of the FMRFamide precursor protein in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis: characterization and neuronal localization of a novel peptide, 'SEEPLY'. Eur. J. Neurosci., 1993, 5, 1003-1016.
116. Santama , N. Li, K.W., Gerearts, W.P.; Benjamin, P.R.; Burke, J.F. Post-translational processing of the alternative neuropeptide precursor encoded by the FMRFamide gene in the pulmonate snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Eur. J. Neurosci., 1996, 8, 968-977.
117. Price, D.A.; Doble, K.E.; Lesser, W.; Greenberg, M.J.; Swiderek, K.M.; Lee, T.D.; Lutz, E.M. Sommerville, J.; Falconer, S.; Cotrrell, G.A. The peptide pQFYRFamide is encoded on the FMRFamide precursor of the snail Helix aspersa but does not activate the FMRFamide-gated sodium current. Biol. Bull., 1996, 191, 341-352.
118. McDonald, M.; Lutz, E.M., Lesser, W.; Cotrell, G.A.; Sommerville, J. Expression of mRNA encoding FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) in the nervous system of Helix aspersa. Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 1994, 5, 23-34.
119. Taussig, R.; Scheller, R.H. The Aplysia FMRFamide gene encodes sequences related to mammalian brain peptides. DNA, 1986, 5, 453-461.
120. Vilim, F.S.; Sasaki, K. Rybak, J. Alexeeva, V.; Cropper, E.C.; Jing, J. Orekhova, I.V.; Brezina, V.; Price, D.A., Romanova, E.V.; Rubakhin, S.S.; Hatcher, N.; Sweedler, J.V.; Weiss, K.R. Distinct mechanisms produce functionally complementary actions of neuropeptides that are structurally related but derived from different precursors. J. Neurosci., 2010, 30, 131-147.
121. Di Cristo, C.; Delli Bovi, P.; Di Cosmo, A. Role of FMRFamide in the reproduction of Octopus vulgaris: molecular analysis and effect on visual input. Peptides, 2003, 24, 1525-1532.
122. Higgins, W.J.; Price, D.A.; Greenberg, M.J. FMRFamide increases the adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP level of molluscan heart. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1978, 48, 425-430.
123. Deaton L.E.; Felgenhauer, B.E.; Duhon, D.W. Bulbus arteriosus of the bivalve mollusc Mercenaria mercenaria: morphology and pharmacology. J. Morphol., 2001, 250,185-195
124. Painter, S.D.; Greenberg, M.J. A survey of the responses of bivalve hearts to the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide and to 5-hydroxytryptamine. Biol. Bull., 1982, 162, 311-322.
125. Chrachri, A.; Obdlom, M.; Williamson, R. G protein-mediated FMRFamidergic modulation of calcium influx in dissociated heart muscle cells from squid, Loligo forbesii. J. Physiol., 2000, 525Pt2, 471-482.
126. Payza, K. FMRFamide receptors in Helix aspersa. Peptides, 1987, 8, 1065-1074.
127. Koch, G.; Chen, M.L.; Sharma, R.; Walker, R.J. The actions of RFamide neuroactive peptides on the isolated heart of the giant African snail, Achatina fulica. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1993, 106C, 359-365.
128. Brezden, B.L.; Yeoman, M.S.; Gardner, D.R.; Benjamin, P.R FMRFamide-activated Ca2+ channels in Lymnaea heart cells are modulated by "SEEPLY," a neuropeptide encoded on the same gene. J. Neurophysiol., 1999, 81, 181-1826.
129. Krajniak, K.G.; Bourne, G.B. Effects of FMRFamide on the intact and isolated circulatory system of the pinto abalone, Haliotis kamtschatkana. J. Exp. Zool., 1987, 241, 389-392.
130. Guan, Z.; Giustetto, M.; Lomvardas, S.; Kim, J-H.; Miniaci, M.C.; Schwartz, J.H.; Thanos, D.; Kandel, E.R. Integration of long-term memory related synaptic plasticity involves bidirectional regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure. Cell, 2002, 111, 483-493.
131. Guan, Z.; Kim, J-H.; Lomvardas, S.; Holick, K.; Xu, S.; Kandel, E.R.; Schwartz, J.H. p38 MAP kinase mediates both short-term and long-term synaptic depression in Aplysia. J. Neurosci., 2003, 23, 7317-7325.
132. Kobayashi, S.; Hattori, M.; Elekes, K.; Ito, E.; Matsuo, R. FMRFamide regulates oscillatory activity of the olfactory center in the slug. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2010, 32, 1180-112.
133. Matsuo, R.; Kobayashi, S.; Tanaka, Y.; Ito, E. Effects of tentacle amputation and regeneration on the morphology and activity of the olfactory center of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus. J. Exp. Biol., 2010, 213, 3144-3149.
134. Oshuga, K.; Kurokawa, M.; Kuwasawa, K. Mosaic arrangement of SCP(B-), FMRFamide-, and histamine-like immunoreactive sensory hair cells in the statocyst of the gastropod mollusc Pleurobranchaea japonica. Cell Tissue Res., 2000, 300, 165-172.
135. Balaban P.M.; Mlayshev, A.Y.; Ierualimsky, V.N.; Aseyev, N.; Korshunova, T.A.; Bravarenko, N.I.; Lemak, M.S.; Roshchin, M.; Zakharov, I.S.; Popova, Y.; Boyle, R. Functional changes in the snail statocyst system elicited by microgravity. PLoS ONE, 2011, e17710
136. Kyriakides, M.A.; McCrohan, C.R. Effect of putative neuromodulators on rhythmic buccal motor output in Lymnaea stagnalis. J. Neurobiol., 1989, 20, 635-650.
137. Alania, M.; Sakharov, D.A.; Elliott, C.J. Multilevel inhibition of feeding by a peptidergic pleural interneuron in the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. J. Comp. Physiol. A Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol., 2004, 190, 379-390.
138. Murphy, A.D.; Lukowiak, K.; Stell, W.K. Peptidergic modulation of patterned motor activity in identified neurons of Helisoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1985, 82, 7140-7144.
139. Krajniak, K.G.; Greenberg, M.J.; Price, D.A.; Doble, K.E.; Lee, T.D. The identification, localization, and pharmacology of FMRFamide-related peptides and SCPB in the penis and crop of the terrestrial slug, Limax maximus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1989, 94C, 485-492.
140. Serfozo, Z.; Szentmiklosi, A.J.; Elekes, K. Characterization of nitric oxidergic neurons in the alimentary tract of the snail Helix pomatia L.: histochemical and physiological study. J. Comp. Neurol., 2008, 506, 801-821.
141. Kiss, T.; Hernadi, L.; Laszlo, Z.; Fekete, Z.N.; Elekes, K. Peptidergic modulation of serotonin and nerve elicited responses of the salivary duct muscle in the snail, Helix pomatia. Peptides, 2010, 31, 1007-1018.
142. Nachman, R.J.; Giard, W.; Lange, A.; Favrel, P. Stimulation of alpha-amylase release in the scallop Pecten maximus by the myosuppressins. Structure-activity relationships. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1999, 897, 273-281.
143. Henry, J.; Zatylny, C.; Boucaud-Camou, E. Peptidergic control of egg-laying in the cephalopod Sepia offinalis: involvement of FMRFamide and FMRFamide-related peptides. Peptides, 1999, 20, 1061-1070.
144. Braubach, O.R.; Dickinson, A.J.; Evans, C.C.; Croll, R.P. Neural control of the velum in larvae of the gastropod, Ilyanassa obsoleta. J. Exp. Biol., 2006, 209, 4676-4679.
145. Roszer, T.R.; Kappelmayer, J.; Nagy, G.G.; Szentmiklosi, A.J.; Basnakian, A.G.; Banfalvi, G. The neuropeptide FMRFamide can protect cells against apoptosis in the snail digestive gland. Apoptosis, 2006, 11, 173-182.
146. Kahn, H.R.; Price, D.A., Doble, K.E.; Greenberg, M.J.; Saleuddin, A.S. FMRFamide-related peptides, partial serotonin depletion, and osmoregulation in Helisoma duryi (Mollusca: Pulmonata). J. Comp. Neurol., 1998, 393, 25-33.
147. Kahn, H.R.; Price, D.A., Doble, K.E.; Greenberg, M.J.; Saleuddin, A.S. Osmoregulation and FMRFamide-related peptides in the salt marsh snail Melampus bidentatus (Say) (Mollusca: Pulmonata). Biol. Bull., 1999, 196, 153-162.
148. Chaban, A.K.; Voronsezhskaya, E.E. 2008 Involvement of transient larval neurons in osmoregulation and neurogenesis in the freshwater snails, Lymnaea stagnalis and Helisoma trivolvis. Acta. Biol. Hung., 2008, 59, 123-126.
149. Suzuki, M.; Kimura, T.; Ogawa, H.; Hotta, K.; Oha, K. FMRFamide elicits chromatophore expansion and retraction depending on its type and development in the squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Invert. Neurosci., 2010, 9, 185-193.
150. Payza, K.; Greenber, M.J.; Price, D.A. Further characterization of Helix FMRFamide receptors: kinetics, tissue distribution, and interactions with the endogenous heptapeptides. Peptides, 1989, 10, 657-661.
151. Chin, G.J.; Payza, K.; Price, D.A.; Greenberg, M.J.; Doble, K.E. Characterization and solubilization of the FMRFamide receptor of squid. Biol. Bull., 1994, 187, 185-199.
152. Willoughby, D.; Yeoman, M.S.; Benjamin, P.R. Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate are second messenger targets for cardioactive neuropeptides encoded on the FMRFamide gene. J. Exp. Biol., 1999, 202, 2581-2593.
153. van Tol-Steye, H.; Loddr, J.C.; Mansvelder, H.D.; Planta, R.J.; van Heerikhuizen, H.; Kits, K.S. Roles of G-protein beta gamma, arachidonic acid, and phosphorylation inconvergent activation of an Slike potassium conductance by dopamine, Ala-Pro-Gly-Trp-NH2, and Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2. J. Neurosci., 1999, 19, 3739-3751.
154. Green, K.A.; Falconer, S.W.; Cottrell, G.A. The neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) directly gates two ion channels in an identified Helix neurone. Pflugers Arch., 1994, 428, 232-240.
155. Jeziorski, M.C.; Green, K.A.; Sommerville, J.; Cottrell, G.A. Cloning and expression of a FMRFamide-gated Na(+) channel from Helisoma trivolvis and comparison with the native neuronal channel. J. Physiol., 2000, 526, 13-25.
156. Furukawa, Y.; Miyawaki; Y.; Abe, G. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the Aplysia FMRFamide-gated Na+ channel. Pflugers Arch., 2006, 451, 646-656.
157. Lingueglia, E.; Deval, E.; Lazdunski, M. FMRFamide-gated sodium channel and ASIC channels: a new class of ionotropic receptors for FMRFamide and related peptides. Peptides, 2006, 27, 1138-1152.
158. Lingueglia, E.; Champigny, G.; Lazdunski, M.; Barbry, P. Cloning of the amiloride-sensitive FMRFamide peptide-gated sodium channel. Nature, 1995, 378, 730-733.
159. Cottrell, G.A. The first peptide-gated ion channel. J. Exp. Biol., 1997, 200, 2377-2386.
160. Trimmer, B.A.; Kobierski, L.A.; Kravitz, E.A. Purification and characterization of immunoreactive substances from lobster nervous system: Isolation and sequence analysis of two closely related peptides. J. Comp. Neurol., 1987, 266, 16-26.
161. A.J.; Orchard, I.; TeBrugge, V.; Skerrett, M. Isolation of two FMRFamide-related peptides from crayfish pericardial organs. Peptides, 1993, 14,137-143
162. Sithigorngul, P.; Saraithonkum, W.; Jaideechoey, S.; Longyant, S.; Sithigorngul, W. Novel FMRFamide-like neuropeptides from the eyestalk of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, 1998, 120, 587-595.
163. Sithigorngul, P.; Saraithongkum, W.; Longyant, S.; Panchan, N.; Sithigorngul, W.; Petsom, A. Three more novel FMRFamide-like neuropeptide sequences from the eyestalk of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Peptides, 2001, 22, 191-197.
164. Sithigorngul, P.; Pupuem, J.; Krungkasem, C.; Longyant, S.; Chaivisuthangkura, P.; Sithigorngul, W.; Petsom, A. Seven novel FMRFamide-like neuropeptide sequences from the eyestalk of the giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2002, 131, 325-337.
165. Fu, Q.; Kutz, K.K.; Schmidt, J.J.; Hsu, Y-WA.; Messinger, D.I.; Cain, S.D.; De La Iglesia, H.O.; Christie, A.E.; Li, L. Hormone complement of the Cancer productus sinus gland and pericardial organ: An anatomical and mass spectrometric investigation. J. Comp. Neurol., 2005, 493, 607-626.
166. Yasuda-Kamatani, Y.; Yasuda, A. Characteristic expression patterns of allatostatin-like peptide, FMRFamide-related peptide, orcokinin, tachykinin-related peptide, and SIFamide in the olfactory system of crayfish Procambarus clarkii. J. Comp. Neurol., 2006, 496, 135-147.
167. Chen, R.; Ma, M.; Hui, L.; Zhang, J. Li, L. Measurement of neuropeptides in crustacean hemolymph via MALDI mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2009, 20, 708-718.
168. Ma, M.; Bors, E.K.; Dickinson, E.S.; Kwiatkowski, M.A.; Sousa, G.L.; Henry, R.P.; Smith, C.M.; Towle, D.W.; Christie, A.E.; Li, L. Characterization of the Carcinus maenas neuropeptidome by mass spectrometry and functional genetics. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2009, 161, 320-334.
169. Ma, M.; Sturm, R.M.; Kutz-Naber, K.K.; Fu, Q.; Li, L. Immunoaffinity-based mass spectrometric characterization of the FMRFamide-related peptide family in the pericardial organ of ancer borealis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2009, 390, 325-330.
170. Krajniak, K. The identification and structure-activity relations of a FMRFamide-related cardioactive peptide from the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Peptides, , 1991, 12, 1295-1302
171. Huybrechts, J.; Nusbaum, M.P.; Vanden Bosch, L.; Baggerman, G.; De Loof, A.; Schoofs, L. Neuropeptidomic analysis of the brain and thoracic ganglion from the Jonah crab Cancer borealis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2003, 308, 535-544.
172. Cruz-Bermudez, N.D.; Fu, Q.; Kutz-Naber, K.K.; Christie, A.E.; Li, L.; Marder, E. Mass spectrometric characterization and physiological actions of GAHKNYLRFamide, a novel FMRFamide-like peptide from crabs of the genus Cancer. J. Neurochem., 2006, 97, 784-799.
173. Ma, M.; Chen, R.; Sousa, G.L.; Bors, E.K.; Kwiatkoski, M.A.; Goiney, C.C.; Goy, M.F.; Christie, A.E.; Li, L. Mass spectral characterization of peptide transmitters/hormones in the nervous system and neuroendocrine organs of the American lobster Homarus americanus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2008, 156, 395-409.
174. Mercier, A.J.; Friedrich, R.; Boldt. M. Physiological functions of FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) in crustaceans. Micros. Res. Tech., 2003, 60, 313-324.
175. Mercier, A.J.; Russenes, R.T. Modulation of crayfish hearts by FMRFamide-related peptides. Biol. Bull., 1992, 182, 333-340.
176. Skerrett, M.; Quigley, P.; Peaire, A.; Mercier. A.J. Physiological targets of two FMRFamide-related peptides in crayfish. J. Exp. Biol., 1995, 198, 109-116.
177. Worden, M.K.; Kravitz, E.A.; Goy, M.F. Peptide F1, and Nterminally extended analog of FMRFamide, enhances contractile activity in multiple target tissues in lobster. J. Exp. Biol., 1995, 198, 97-108.
178. Fort, T.J.; Brezina, V.; Miller, M.W. Regulation of the crab heartbeat by FMRFamide-like peptides: Multiple interacting effects on center and periphery. J. Neurophysiol., 2007, 98, 2887-2902.
179. Saver, M.A.; Wilkens, J.L.; Syed, N.I. In situ and in vitro identification and characterization of cardiac ganglion neurons in the crab, Carcinus maenas. J. Neurophysiol., 1999, 81, 2964-2976.
180. McGaw, I.J.,; Wilkens, J.L.; McMahon, B.R.; Airriess, C.N. Crustacean cardioexcitatory peptides may inhibit the heart in vivo. J. Exp. Biol., 1995, 198, 2547-2550.
181. Wilkens, J.L.; Kuramoto, T. Comparison of the roles of neurohormone in the regulation of blood distribution from the hearts of American and Japanese lobsters. J. Comp. Physiol. B, 1998, 168, 483-490.
182. Wilkens, J.L. Possible mechanisms of control of vascular resistance in the lobster Homarus americanus. J.Exp. Biol., 1997, 200, 487-493.
183. Stevens, J.S.; Cashman, C.R.; Smith, C.M.; Beale, K.M.; Towle, D.W.; Christie, A.E.; Dickinson, P.S. The peptide hormone pQDLDHVFLRFamide (crustacean myosuppressin) modulates the Homarus americanus cardiac neuromuscular system at multiple sites. J. Exp. Biol., 2009, 212, 3961-3976.
184. Weimann, J.M.; Marder, E.; Evans, B.; Calabrese, R.L. The effects of SDRNFLRFamide and TNRNFLRFamide on the motor patterns of the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab Cancer borealis. J. Exp. Biol., 1993, 181, 1-26.
185. Tierney, A.J.; Blanck, J.; Mercier, A.J. FMRFamide-like peptides in the crayfish stomatogastric nervous system: distribution and effects on pyloric motor pattern. J. Exp. Biol., 1997, 200, 3221-3223.
186. Jorge-Rivera, J.C.; Marder, E. TNRNFLRFamide and SDRNFLRFamide modulate muscles of the stomatogastric system of the crab Cancer borealis. J. Comp. Physiol. A, 1996, 179, 741-751.
187. Jorge-Rivera, J.C.; Sen, K.; Birmingham, J.T.; Abbott, L.F.; Marder, E.. Temporal dynamics of convergent modulation at a crustacean neuromuscular junction. J. Neurophysiol., 1998, 80, 2559-2570.
188. Mercier, A.J.; Lange, A.B.; TeBrugge, V.; Orchard, I. Evidence for proctolin-like and FMRFamide-like neuropeptides associated with the hindgut of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Can. J. Zool., 1997, 75, 1208-1225.
189. Schneider, L.E.; Taghert, P.H. Isolation and characterization of a Drosophila gene that encodes multiple neuropeptides related to Phe-Met-Arg-PheNH2 (FMRFamide). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1988, 85, 1993-1997.
190. Lange, A.B.; Peeff, N.M.; Orchard, I. Isolation, sequence, and bioactivity of FMRFamide-related peptides from the locust ventral nerve cord. Peptides, 1994, 15, 1089-1094.
191. Meeusen, T.; Mertens, I; Clynen, E.; Baggerman, G.; Nichols, R.; Nachman, R.J.; Huybrechts, R.; De Loof, A.; Schoofs, L. Identification in Drosophila melanogaster of the invertebrate G proteincoupled FMRFamide receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99, 15363-15368.
192. Predel, R.; Neupert, S.; Wicher, D.; Gundel, M.; Roth, S.; Derst, C. Unique accumulation of neuropeptides in an insect: FMRFamiderelated peptides in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2004, 20, 1499-1513.
193. Rahman, M.M.; Fromm, B.; Neupert, S.; Kreusch, S.; Predel, R. Extended FMRFamides in dipteran insects: conservative expression in the neuroendocrine system is accompanied by rapid sequence evolution. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2009, 162, 52-58.
194. Holman, G.M.; Cook, B.J.; Nachman, R.J. Isolation, primary structure and synthesis of leukomyosuppressin, an insect neuropeptide that inhibits spontaneous contractions of the cockroach hindgut. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1986, 85C, 329-333.
195. Robb, S.; Packman, L.C.; Evans, P.D. Isolation, primary structure and bioactivity of SchistoFLRFamide, a FMRFamide-like neuropeptide from the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1989, 160, 850-856.
196. Kingan, T.G.; Teplow, D.B.; Phillips, J.M.; Riehm, J.P.; Rao, K.R.; Hildebrand, J.G.; Homberg, U.; Kammer, A.E.; Jardine, I.; Griffin, P.R.; Hunt, D.F. A new peptide in the FMRFamide family isolated from the CNS of the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta. Peptides, 1990, 11, 849-856.
197. Nichols, R. Isolation and structural characterization of Drosophila TDVDHVFLRFamide and FMRFamide-containing neural peptides. J. Mol. Neurosci., 1992, 3, 213-218.
198. Schoofs, L.; Holman, G.M.; Paemen, L.; Veelaert, D.; Amelinck, M.; Deloof, A. Isolation, identification, and synthesis of PDVDHFLRFamide (SchistoFLRFamide) in Locusta migratoria and its association with male accessory glands, the salivary glands, the heart, and the oviduct. Peptides, 1993, 14, 409-421.
199. Lange, A.B.; Peeff, N.M.; Orchard, I. Isolation, sequence, and bioactivity of FMRFamide-related peptides from the locust ventral nerve cord. Peptides, 1994, 15, 1089-1094.
200. Kingan, T.G.; Shabanowitz, J.; Hunt, D.; Witten, J. Characterization of two myotrophic neuropeptides in the FMRFamide family from the segmental ganglia of the moth Manduca sexta: candidate neurohormones and neuromodulators. J. Exp. Biol., 1996, 199, 1095-1104.
201. Ons S.; Richter, F.; Urlaub, H.; Pomar, R.P. The neuropeptidome of Rhodnius prolixus brain. Proteomics, 2009, 9,788-792.
202. Nambu, J.R.; Murphy-Erdosh, C.; Andrews, P.C.; Feistner, G.J.; Scheller, R.H. Isolation and characterization of a Drosophila neuropeptide family. Neuron, 1988, 1, 5-61.
203. Schneider, P.H.; Taghert, L.E. Interspecific comparison of a Drosophila gene encoding FMRFamide-related neuropeptides. J. Neurosci., 1990, 10, 1929-1942.
204. Duve, H.; Johnsen, A.H.; Sewell, J.C.; Scott, A.G.; Orchard, I.; Rehfeld, J.F.; Thorpe, A. Isolation, structure, and activity of-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 neuropeptides (designated CalliFMRFamides) from the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1992, 89, 2326-2330.
205. N.; Zitnan, D.; Kim, Y.J.; Adams, M.E.; Hua, Y.J. Suzuki, Y.; Suzuki, M.; Suzuke, A.; Satake, H.; Mizoguchi, A.; Asaoka, K.; Tanaka, Y.; Kataoka H. Regulation of insect steroid hormone biosynthesis by innervating peptidergic neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 10,86228627
206. Nassel, D.R. Neuropeptides in the nervous system of Drosophila and other insects: multiple roles as neuromodulators and neurohormones. Prog. Neurobiol., 2002, 68, 1-84.
207. Predel, R.; Neurport, S. Social behaviour and the evolution of neuropeptide genes: lessons from the honeybee genome. BioEssays, 2007, 29, 416-421.
208. Duve, H.; Elia, A.J.; Orchard, I.; Johnson, A.H.; Thorpe, A. The effect of Calliphora FMRFamides and FMRFamide-related peptides on the activity of the heart of the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria. J. Insect. Physiol., 1993, 39, 31-40.
209. Angioy, A.M.; Muroni, P.; Barbarossa, I.T.; McCormick, J.; Nichols, R. Evidence dromyosuppressin acts at posterior and anterior pacemakers to decrease the fast and the slow cardiac activity in the blowfly Protophormia terraenovae. Peptides, 2007, 28, 585-93.
210. Nichols, R. FMRFamide-related peptides and serotonin regulate Drosophila melanogaster heart rate: mechanisms and structure requirements. Peptides, 2006, 27, 1130-1137.
211. Lange, A.B.; Calvin, A.; da Silva, R. Neuropeptides modulate the heart of the stick insect Baculum extradentatum. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2009, 1163, 448-50.
212. Lange, A.B.; Orchard, I. The effects of SchistoFLRFamide on contractions of locust midgut. Peptides, 1998, 19, 459-467.
213. Hill, S.R.; Orchard, I. Isolation and sequencing of two FMRFamide-related peptides from the gut of Locusta migratoria L. Peptides, 2007, 28, 1490-1497.
214. Hill, S.R.; Orchard, R. The influence of diet and feeding state on FMRFamide-related peptides in the gut of Locusta migratoria L. Peptides, 2004, 25, 105-14.
215. Duttlinger, A.; Berry, K.; Nicholse, R. The different effects of three Drosophila melanogaster dFMRFamide-containing peptides on crop contractions suggest these structurally related peptides do not play redundant functions in gut. Peptides, 2002, 23, 1953-1957.
216. Harshini, S.; Nachman, R.J.; Sreekumar, S. In vitro release of digestive enzymes by FMRF amide related neuropeptides and analogues in the lepidopteran insect Opisina arenosella (Walk.). Peptides, 2002, 23, 1759-1763.
217. Hill, S.R.; Orchard, I. In vitro analysis of the digestive enzymes amylase and alpha-glucosidase in the midguts of Locusta migratoria L. in response to the myosuppressin, SchistoFLRFamide. J. Insect Physiol., 2005, 51, 1-9.
218. Hewes, R.S.; Snowdeal, E.C. 3rd; Saitoe, M.; Taghert, P.H. Functional redundancy of FMRFamide-related peptides at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction. J. Neurosci., 1998, 18, 7138-7151.
219. Clark, J.; Milakovic, M.; Cull, A.; Klose, M.K.; Mercier, A.J. Evidence for postsynaptic modulation of muscle contraction by a Drosophila neuropeptide. Peptides, 2008, 29, 1140-1149.
220. Lange, A.B.; Wang, Z.; Orchard, I.; Starratt, A.N. Peptides. Influence of methylation or substitution of the histidine of HVFLRFamide on biological activity and binding of locust oviduct. Peptides, 1996, 17, 375-380.
221. Peeff , N.M.; Orchard, I.; Lange, A.B. Isolation, sequence, and bioactivity of PDVDHVFLRFamide and ADVGHVFLRFamide peptides from the locust central nervous system. Peptides, 1994, 15, 387-392.
222. Wang, Z.; Orchard, I.; Lange, A.B.; Chen, X. Binding and activation regions of the decapeptide PDVDHVFLRFamide SchistoFLRFamide). Neuropeptides, 1995, 28, 261-266.
223. Robb, S.; Evans, P. The modulatory effect of SchistoFLRFamide on the heart and skeletal muscle in the locust Schistocerca gregaria. J. Exp. Biol., 1994, 197, 437-442.
224. Cazzamali, G.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. Molecular cloning and functional expression of the first insect FMRFamide receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99, 12073-12078.
225. Duttlinger, A.; Mispelon M.; Nichols, R. The structure of the FMRFamide receptor and activity of the cardioexcitatory neuropeptides are conserved in mosquito. Neuropeptides, 2003, 37, 120-126.
226. Hauser, F.; Cazzamali, G.; Williamson, M.; Blenau, W.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. A review of neurohormone GPCRs present in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster and the honey bee Apis mellifera. Prog. Neurobiol., 2006, 80, 1-19.
227. Hauser, F.; Cazzamali, G.; Williamson, M.; Park, Y.; Li, B.; Tanaka, Y.; Predel, R.; Neupert, S.; Schachtner, J; Verleyen, P.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. A genome-wide inventory of neurohormone GPCRs in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Front. Neuroendocrinol., 2008, 29, 142-165.
228. Scholler, S.; Belmont, M.; Cazzamali, G.; Hauser, F.; Williamson, M.; Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P. Molecular identification of a myosuppressin receptor from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2005, 327, 29-34.
229. Christie, A.E.; Nolan, D.H.; Garcia, Z.A.; McCoole, M.D.; Harmon, S.M.; Congdon-Jones, B.; Ohno, P.; Hartline, N; Congdon, C.B.; Baer, K.N.; Lenz, P.H. Bioinformatic prediction of arthropod/nematode-like peptides in non-arthropod, non-nematode members of the Ecdysozoa. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2011, 170, 480-486.
230. Adoutte, A.; Balavoine, G.; Lartillot, N. Lepinet, O.; Prud'homme, B.; de Rosa, R. The new animal phylogeny: Reliability and implications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 4453-4456.