A systematic review of combination therapy with stimulants and atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including patient characteristics, treatment strategies, effectiveness, and tolerability

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 179-193

  Treuer, Tamás ^a   Gau, Susan Shur Fen ^b   Méndez, Luis ^c   Montgomery, William ^d   Monk, Julie A ^e   Altin, Murat ^a   Wu, Shenghu ^f   Lin, Chaucer C H ^g   Dueñas, Héctor J ^h  

^a ELI LILLY AND COMPANY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^c Eli Lilly   (Mexico)

^d ELI LILLY AUSTRALIA PTY LTD   (Australia)

^e ProScribe Medical Communications   (Australia)

^f Medical Department   (China)

^g TZU CHI UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^h Emerging Markets Business Unit   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; ATOMOXETINE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; DEXAMPHETAMINE; METHYLPHENIDATE;

ADOLESCENT DISEASE; ANOREXIA; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDUCED HEADACHE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FATIGUE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; IRRITABILITY; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MORNING DOSAGE; NAUSEA; PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RHINITIS; RR INTERVAL; SIDE EFFECT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; CHILD; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; PROPYLAMINES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84876699517     PISSN: 10445463     EISSN: 15578992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/cap.2012.0093     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Adler L, Morrill M, Shaw D, Raphael F: Chart review of ADHD patients treated with combination atomoxetine and stimulant therapy. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 9: S254, 2006.
2. Agarwal V, Sitholey P: Combination of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A case report. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17: 160, 2008.
3. Bond GR, Garro AC, Gilbert DL: Dyskinesias associated with atomoxetine in combination with other psychoactive drugs. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 45: 182-185, 2007.
4. Brown TE: Atomoxetine and stimulants in combination for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Four case reports. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 14: 129-136, 2004.
5. Carlson G, Dunn D, Kelsey DK, Ruff D, Ball S, Ahrbecker L, Allen AJ: A pilot study for augmenting atomoxetine with methylphenidate: Safety of concomitant therapy in children with stimulantresistant attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 16: 659, 2006.
6. Carlson GA, Dunn D, Kelsey D, Ruff D, Ball S, Ahrbecker L, Allen AJ: A pilot study for augmenting atomoxetine with methylphenidate: Safety of concomitant therapy in children with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 1: 10, 2007.
7. Cheng JY, Chen RY, Ko JS, Ng EM: Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents-meta- analysis and meta-regression analysis. Psychopharmacology 194: 197-209, 2007.
8. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Aleardi M: Comparing the efficacy of medications for ADHD using meta-analysis. Med-GenMed 8: 4, 2006.
9. Faraone SV, Buitelaar J: Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19: 353-364, 2010.
10. Fernàndez M, Rojas M. Stimulant and nonstimulant combined treatment for ADHD. (Abstract) Eunethydis 2nd International ADHD Conference. Barcelona, Spain; May 23-25, 2012.
11. Geissler J, Lesch KP: A lifetime of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Diagnostic challenges, treatment and neurobiological mechanisms. Expert Rev Neurother 11: 1467-1484, 2011.
12. Hammerness P, Georgiopoulos A, Doyle RL, Utzinger L, Schillinger M, Martelon M, Brodziak K, Biederman J, Wilens TE: An open study of adjunct OROS-methylphenidate in children who are atomoxetine partial responders: II. Tolerability and pharmacokinetics. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 19: 493-499, 2009.
13. Hanwella R, Senanayake M, de Silva V: Comparative efficacy and acceptability of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 11: 176, 2011.
14. Hazell PL, Kohn MR, Dickson R, Walton RJ, Granger RE, Wyk GW: Core ADHD symptom improvement with atomoxetine versus methylphenidate: A direct comparison meta-analysis. J Atten Disord 15: 674-683, 2011.
15. Hodgkins P, Sasané R, Meijer WM: Pharmacologic treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: incidence, prevalence, and treatment patterns in The Netherlands. Clin Ther 33: 188-203, 2011.
16. Hodgson K, Hutchinson AD, Denson L: Nonpharmacological treatments for ADHD: A meta-analytic review. J Atten Disord May 29, 2012 [Epub ahead of print].
17. Jaworowski S, Benarroch F, Gross-Tsur V: Concomitant use of atomoxetine and OROS-methylphenidate in a 10-year-old child suffering from attention-deficit/hperactivity disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder and Tourette syndrome. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 16: 365-370, 2006.
18. Kelly RP, Yeo KP, Teng CH, Smith BP, Lowe S, Soon D, Read HA, Wise SD: Hemodynamic effects of acute administration of atomoxetine and methylphenidate. J Clin Pharmacol 45: 851-855, 2005.
19. Kessler RC, Adler LA, Barkley R, Biederman J, Conners CK, Faraone SV, Greenhill LL, Jaeger S, Secnik K, Spencer T, Ustun TB, Zaslavsky AM: Patterns and predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence into adulthood: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Biol Psychiatry 57: 1442-1451, 2005.
20. Kollins SH, Jain R, Brams M, Segal S, Findling RL, Wigal SB, Khayrallah M: Clonidine extended-release tablets as add-on therapy to psychostimulants in children and adolescents with ADHD. Pediatrics 127: e1406-1413, 2011.
21. Lee SI, Schachar RJ, Chen SX, Ornstein TJ, Charach A, Barr C, Ickowicz A: Predictive validity of DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria for ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49: 70-78, 2008.
22. Lehmkuhl G, Poustka F, Schmidt MH: Treatment of attention deficithyperactivity disorder with atomoxetine: Recommendations for changing the medication from stimulants to atomoxetine. Monatsschrift fur Kinderheild 155: 645-648, 2007.
23. Mészáros A, Czobor P, Bálint S, Komlósi S, Simon V, Bitter I: Pharmacotherapy of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A meta-analysis. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 12: 1137-1147, 2009.
24. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Diagnosis and management of ADHD in children, young people and adults. NICE clinical guideline 72; 2008. Available at http: //guidance. nice. org. uk/CG72/NICEGuidance/ pdf/English. Last accessed 24 April 2012.
25. Newcorn JH, Kratochvil CJ, Allen AJ, Casat CD, Ruff DD, Moore RJ, Michelson D, Atomoxetine/Methylphenidate Comparative Study Group: Atomoxetine and osmotically released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Acute comparison and differential response. Am J Psychiatry 165: 721-730, 2008.
26. Niederhofer H: Atomoxetine may improve methylphenidates' efficacy in treatment of ADHD? Psychiatr Danub 21: 330, 2009.
27. Pliszka SR, Crismon ML, Hughes CW, Conners CK, Emslie GJ, Jensen PS, McCracken JT, Swanson JM, Lopez M, Texas Consensus Conference Project: The Texas children's medication algorithm project: Revision of the algorithm for pharmacotherapy of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 45: 642-657, 2006.
28. Pohl GM, Van Brunt DL, Ye W, Stoops WW, Johnston JA: A retrospective claims analysis of combination therapy in the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). BMC Health Serv Res 9: 95, 2009.
29. Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA: The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: A systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry 164: 942-948, 2007.
30. Prasad S, Steer C: Switching from neurostimulant therapy to atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Clinical approaches and review of current available evidence. Paediatr Drugs 10: 39-47, 2008.
31. Quintana H, Cherlin EA, Duesenberg DA, Bangs ME, Ramsey JL, Feldman PD, Allen AJ, Kelsey DK: Transition from methylphenidate or amphetamine to atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-a preliminary tolerability and efficacy study. Clin Ther 29: 1168-1177, 2007.
32. Sallee FR, Lyne A, Wigal T, McGough JJ: Long-term safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 19: 215-226, 2009.
33. Scott NG, Ripperger-Suhler J, Rajab MH, Kjar D: Factors associated with atomoxetine efficacy for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 20: 197-203, 2010.
34. Seixas M, Weiss M, Muller U: Systematic review of national and international guidelines on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Psychopharmacol 26: 753-765, 2012.
35. Sofuoglu M, Poling J, Hill K, Kosten T: Atomoxetine attenuates dextroamphetamine effects in humans. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 35: 412-416, 2009.
36. Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T, Harding M, O'Donnell D, Griffin S: Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder across the life cycle. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35: 409-432, 1996.
37. Spencer TJ, Greenbaum M, Ginsberg LD, Murphy WR: Safety and effectiveness of coadministration of guanfacine extended release and psychostimulants in children and adolescents with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 19: 501-510, 2009.
38. Steinhausen HC: The heterogeneity of causes and courses of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 120: 392-399, 2009.
39. Strattera Prescribing Information. Indianapolis: Eli Lilly and Company; 2012.
40. Vaughan BS, March JS, Kratochvil CJ: The evidence-based pharmacological treatment of paediatric ADHD. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 15: 27-39, 2012.
41. Waxmonsky JG: Nonstimulant therapies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. Essent Psychopharmacol 6: 262-276, 2005.
42. Weisler RH, Childress AC: Treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: focus on once-daily medications. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 13: pii: PCC. 11r01168, 2011.
43. Weiss MD, Wasdell M, Gadow KD, Greenfield B, Hechtman L, Gibbins C: Clinical correlates of oppositional defiant disorder and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in adults. Postgrad Med 123: 177-184, 2011.
44. Wernicke JF, Faries D, Girod D, Brown J, Gao H, Kelsey D, Quintana H, Lipetz R, Michelson D, Heiligenstein J: Cardiovascular effects of atomoxetine in children, adolescents, and adults. Drug Saf 26: 729-740, 2003.
45. Wilens TE: Mechanism of action of agents used in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 67 Suppl 8: 32-38, 2006.
46. Wilens TE, Biederman J, Lerner M, Concerta Study G: Effects of once-daily osmotic-release methylphenidate on blood pressure and heart rate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results from a one-year follow-up study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 24: 36-41, 2004.
47. Wilens TE, Bukstein O, Brams M, Cutler AJ, Childress A, Rugino T, Lyne A, Grannis K, Youcha S: A controlled trial of extended-release guanfacine and psychostimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 51: 74-85, 2012.
48. Wilens TE, Hammerness P, Utzinger L, Schillinger M, Georgiopoulous A, Doyle RL, Martelon M, Brodziak K: An open study of adjunct OROS-methylphenidate in children and adolescents who are atomoxetine partial responders: I. Effectiveness. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 19: 485-492, 2009.
49. Willens T, Hammerness P, Doyle RL, Utzinger L, Schillinger M, Sawtelle R, Biederman J: OROS (R) Methylphenidate adjunct use in atomoxetine, partial responders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 18: 633-633, 2008.
50. Wolraich ML, Wibbelsman CJ, Brown TE, Evans SW, Gotlieb EM, Knight JR, Ross EC, Shubiner HH, Wender EH, Wilens T: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adolescents: A review of the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical implications. Pediatrics 115: 1734-1746, 2005.
51. World Health Organization: DDD: Definition and general considerations. 2009. Available at www. whocc. no/ddd/definition-and-general-considera/. Accessed June 3, 2012.